{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T09:06:50Z","timestamp":1777799210989,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["30872706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30872706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China","award":["200806310005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200806310005"]}]},{"name":"Health Bureau of Chongqing, China"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research Bulletin"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]],"date-time":"2011-07-05T19:11:23Z","timestamp":1309893083000},"page":"29-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Propofol induces neuronal apoptosis in infant rat brain under hypoxic conditions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Shengfen","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bailin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengde","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenfei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanghui","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03022874","article-title":"Propofol induces growth cone collapse and neurite retractions in chick explant culture","volume":"53","author":"Al-Jahdari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000265555.57472.49","article-title":"Physostigmine reverses cognitive dysfunction caused by moderate hypoxia in adult mice","volume":"105","author":"Bekker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200004000-00025","article-title":"Effects of intravenous anesthetic agents on glutamate release: a role for GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition","volume":"92","author":"Buggy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318172ba0a","article-title":"Subanesthetic doses of propofol induce neuroapoptosis in the infant mouse brain","volume":"106","author":"Cattano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(79)90022-7","article-title":"Comparative aspects of the brain growth spurt","volume":"3","author":"Dobbing","year":"1979","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200410000-00016","article-title":"Influence of propofol on neuronal damage and apoptotic factors after incomplete cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats: a long-term observation","volume":"101","author":"Engelhard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000278892.62305.9c","article-title":"Neonatal exposure to a combination of N-methyl-d-aspartate and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor anesthetic agents potentiates apoptotic neurodegeneration and persistent behavioral deficits","volume":"107","author":"Fredriksson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021506002365","article-title":"Potentially toxic effects of anaesthetics on the developing central nervous system","volume":"24","author":"Gascon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000260799.37107.e6","article-title":"The effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on rat brain proteins: a proteomic time-course analysis","volume":"104","author":"Kalenka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819c7124","article-title":"Behavior and development in children and age at the time of first anesthetic exposure","volume":"110","author":"Kalkman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199202000-00014","article-title":"The effects of propofol on brain electrical activity, neurologic outcome, and neuronal damage following incomplete ischemia in rats","volume":"76","author":"Kochs","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31817ee879","article-title":"Spatial memory is intact in aged rats after propofol anesthesia","volume":"107","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318167ad77","article-title":"An assessment of the effects of general anesthetics on developing brain structure and neurocognitive function","volume":"106","author":"Loepke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.06.106","article-title":"Hypobaric hypoxia damages the hippocampal pyramidal neurons in the rat brain","volume":"1175","author":"Maiti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000255729.96438.b0","article-title":"Use of anesthetic agents in neonates and young children","volume":"104","author":"Mellon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0080","first-page":"489","article-title":"Anesthesia related hypoxemia. The effect of pulse oximetry monitoring on perioperative events and postoperative complications","volume":"41","author":"Moller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dan. Med. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/66.4.437","article-title":"Hypoxaemia during anaesthesia\u2014an observer study","volume":"66","author":"Moller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1403.005","article-title":"Early exposure to general anesthesia causes significant neuronal deletion in the developing rat brain","volume":"1122","author":"Nikizad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2008.12.005","article-title":"Potential mechanism of cell death in the developing rat brain induced by propofol anesthesia","volume":"27","author":"Pesic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2004.11.003","article-title":"Apoptosis of ventricular myocytes: a means to an end","volume":"38","author":"Regula","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2007.00116.x","article-title":"Clinical anesthesia causes permanent damage to the fetal guinea pig brain","volume":"18","author":"Rizzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0110","first-page":"76","article-title":"Postoperative mental confusion\u2014association with postoperative hypoxemia","volume":"114","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819b62e2","article-title":"Isoflurane inhibits growth but does not cause cell death in hippocampal neural precursor cells grown in culture","volume":"110","author":"Sall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm084","article-title":"Ketamine-induced neuronal cell death in the perinatal rhesus monkey","volume":"98","author":"Slikker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819c463d","article-title":"Isoflurane differentially affects neurogenesis and long-term neurocognitive function in 60-day-old and 7-day-old rats","volume":"110","author":"Stratmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.1.9911120","article-title":"Propofol versus midazolam regarding their antioxidant activities","volume":"163","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0135","first-page":"109","article-title":"Effects of ketamine on the developing central nervous system","volume":"60","author":"Vutskits","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ideggyogy. Sz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01479-4","article-title":"Calpain and caspase: can you tell the difference?","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000344728.34332.5d","article-title":"Early exposure to anesthesia and learning disabilities in a population-based birth cohort","volume":"110","author":"Wilder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.03.064","article-title":"Anesthesia induces neuronal cell death in the developing rat brain via the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways","volume":"135","author":"Yon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.081","article-title":"Dose-dependent effects of erythropoietin in propofol anesthetized neonatal rats","volume":"1343","author":"Zacharias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11866","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M800199200","article-title":"The inhalation anesthetic desflurane induces caspase activation and increases amyloid beta-protein levels under hypoxic conditions","volume":"283","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Brain Research Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0361923011001985?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0361923011001985?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T20:11:02Z","timestamp":1759781462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0361923011001985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0361923011001985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-9230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-9230","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Propofol induces neuronal apoptosis in infant rat brain under hypoxic conditions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research Bulletin","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}