{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:54:15Z","timestamp":1791550455864,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016809","name":"Bureau of Science and Technology Nanchong City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22SXZRKX0008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22SXZRKX0008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016809","name":"Bureau of Science and Technology Nanchong City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25KJCXRC0032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25KJCXRC0032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020207","name":"Sichuan Province Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24QNMP017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24QNMP017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012551","name":"Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025NSFSC2144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025NSFSC2144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201353"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research Bulletin"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:22:35Z","timestamp":1790004155000},"page":"112128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["PI3K\/AKT signaling contributes to prenatal nicotine exposure-induced developmental impairment of the pontomedullary respiratory network in neonatal rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"245","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8416-6633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengmin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faping","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1586-115X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170946","article-title":"A systematic review of maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal measurements with meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Abraham","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.07.014","article-title":"The chemical neuroanatomy of breathing","volume":"164","author":"Alheid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067223","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal organ growth: a magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"8","author":"Anblagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-32554-0_10","article-title":"Impact of prenatal nicotine exposure on placental function and respiratory neural network development","volume":"1428","author":"Beltr\u00e1n-Castillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.20054","article-title":"Cell death in early neural life","volume":"75","author":"Boya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. C. Embryo Today"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.07.015","article-title":"Influence of litter size on the postnatal growth of rat pups: is there a rationale for litter-size standardization in toxicity studies?","volume":"109","author":"Chahoud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00774.2016","article-title":"Developmental nicotine exposure alters potassium currents in hypoglossal motoneurons of neonatal rat","volume":"117","author":"Cholanian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02325-6","article-title":"Dysregulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in microglia: shaping chronic neuroinflammation","volume":"18","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.05.008","article-title":"Prenatal nicotine exposure and development of nicotinic and fast amino acid-mediated neurotransmission in the control of breathing","volume":"164","author":"Fregosi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.08.001","article-title":"Neural control of breathing and CO\u2082 homeostasis","volume":"87","author":"Guyenet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.09.002","article-title":"The retrotrapezoid nucleus: central chemoreceptor and regulator of breathing automaticity","volume":"42","author":"Guyenet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15792","article-title":"Tobacco use during pregnancy","volume":"117","author":"Havard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2004.07.002","article-title":"Influence of prenatal nicotine exposure on postnatal development of breathing pattern","volume":"143","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01036.2009","article-title":"Influence of prenatal nicotine exposure on development of the ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia in neonatal rats","volume":"109","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e769","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30223-7","article-title":"National, regional, and global prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Lange","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2016.06.007","article-title":"Developmental neuropathology of brainstem respiratory centers in unexplained stillbirth: What's the meaning?","volume":"53","author":"Lavezzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237643","article-title":"Mitochondrial KATP channels contribute to the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide against impairment of central chemoreception of rat offspring exposed to maternal cigarette smoke","volume":"15","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.06.080","article-title":"Projections from facial nucleus interneurons to the respiratory groups of brainstem in the rat","volume":"368","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R803","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00218.2019","article-title":"Perinatal nicotine exposure alters Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2\/mTOR\/autophagy signaling, leading to development of hypoxic-ischemic-sensitive phenotype in rat neonatal brain","volume":"317","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.062927","article-title":"Prenatal nicotine exposure increases the strength of GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition of respiratory rhythm in neonatal rats","volume":"561","author":"Luo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.740966","article-title":"Inhibition of brain GTP cyclohydrolase I attenuates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal toxicity: involvement of Mas receptor\/PI3K\/Akt\/CREB\/BDNF axis","volume":"12","author":"Mustafa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120240","article-title":"Microglia development and function","volume":"32","author":"Nayak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.05.001","article-title":"The anti-apoptotic effect of hydrogen sulfide attenuates injuries to the medullary respiratory centers of neonatal rats subjected to in utero cigarette smoke exposure","volume":"188","author":"Nie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9575","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-29-09575.2003","article-title":"Ontogeny of the pre-B\u00f6tzinger complex in perinatal rats","volume":"23","author":"Pagliardini","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.07.022","article-title":"Prenatal nicotine exposure alters medullary nicotinic and AMPA-mediated control of respiratory frequency in vitro","volume":"169","author":"Pilarski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22379","article-title":"Developmental nicotine exposure disrupts dendritic arborization patterns of hypoglossal motoneurons in the neonatal rat","volume":"76","author":"Powell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3725","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123725","article-title":"PI3K signaling in neurons: a central node for the control of multiple functions","volume":"19","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Alegr\u00eda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.04.067","article-title":"The effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on PDGFR-mediated anti-apoptotic mechanism in the caudal brainstem of developing rat","volume":"478","author":"Simakajornboon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00935.2003","article-title":"Effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on biphasic hypoxic ventilatory response and protein kinase C expression in caudal brain stem of developing rats","volume":"96","author":"Simakajornboon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfae120","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic analysis of nicotine and its metabolites (cotinine and trans-3\u2032-hydroxycotinine) in male Sprague-Dawley rats following nose-only inhalation, oral gavage, and intravenous infusion of nicotine","volume":"202","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-016-0872-y","article-title":"Brain development and Akt signaling: the crossroads of signaling pathway and neurodevelopmental diseases","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.009","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide protects neonatal rat medulla oblongata against prenatal cigarette smoke exposure via anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"57","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-017-0899-8","article-title":"Crocin inhibits oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response of microglial cells associated with diabetic retinopathy through the activation of PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"61","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.06.047","article-title":"Possible involvement of the facial nucleus in regulation of respiration in rats","volume":"367","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2012.10.007","article-title":"Maternal smoking and increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leg. Med."}],"container-title":["Brain Research Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0361923026004156?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0361923026004156?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:28:17Z","timestamp":1791548897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0361923026004156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0361923026004156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128","relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-9230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-9230","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"PI3K\/AKT signaling contributes to prenatal nicotine exposure-induced developmental impairment of the pontomedullary respiratory network in neonatal rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research Bulletin","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.112128","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112128"}}