{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:50:34Z","timestamp":1791201034630,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,20]],"date-time":"2007-08-20T12:45:21Z","timestamp":1187613921000},"page":"2990-3001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":333,"title":["Avoidance of emotional facial expressions in social anxiety: The Approach\u2013Avoidance Task"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Heuer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Rinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eni S.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib2","series-title":"Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective","author":"Beck","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167299025002007","article-title":"Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00086-9","article-title":"Patients with generalized social phobia direct their attention away from faces","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib5","series-title":"Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment","first-page":"69","article-title":"A cognitive model of social phobia","author":"Clark","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.05.003","article-title":"Amygdala activation in the processing of neutral faces in social anxiety disorder: Is neutral really neutral?","volume":"148","author":"Cooney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib8","series-title":"The expression of the emotions in man and animals","author":"Darwin","year":"1872"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib7","series-title":"Handbook of implicit cognition and addiction","first-page":"11","article-title":"What are implicit measures and why are we using them?","author":"De Houwer","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib10","first-page":"12","article-title":"Biasis dans l\u2019evaluation explicite de stimuli verbaux et non-verbaux: Effect de l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale (Bias in the voluntary evaluation of verbal and non verbal stimuli: The effect of social anxiety)","volume":"8","author":"Douilliez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Revue francophone de clinique comportementale et cognitive"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib11","series-title":"Theories of behavior therapy: Exploring behavior change","first-page":"229","article-title":"Bioinformational theory and behavior therapy","author":"Drobes","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2004.08.008","article-title":"Activation and measurement of threat associations in fear of spiders: An application of the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task","volume":"36","author":"Ellwart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.6.1.18","article-title":"From fear to love: Individual differences in implicit spider associations","volume":"6","author":"Ellwart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.99.1.20","article-title":"Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information","volume":"99","author":"Foa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798007879","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale","volume":"29","author":"Heimberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib16","series-title":"Internationale Diagnosen Checklisten f\u00fcr DSM-IV und ICD-10, IDCL","author":"Hiller","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib17","series-title":"Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic","first-page":"454","article-title":"Social phobia (social anxiety disorder)","author":"Hofmann","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.02.016","article-title":"Face to face: Visual scanpath evidence for abnormal processing of facial expressions in social phobia","volume":"127","author":"Horley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.01.007","article-title":"Specific predictive power of automatic spider-related affective associations for controllable and uncontrollable fear responses toward spiders","volume":"44","author":"Huijding","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib21","series-title":"Fragebogen zur Depressionsdiagnostik nach DSM-IV (FDD-DSM IV)","author":"K\u00fchner","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib20","first-page":"299","article-title":"Psychometrische und diagnostische Eigenschaften einer. Deutschsprachigen Version des Inventory to Diagnose Depression (IDD)","volume":"39","author":"K\u00fchner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib22","series-title":"Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes","first-page":"97","article-title":"Motivated attention: Affect, activation, and action","author":"Lang","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib23","series-title":"STAI: Das State-Trait Angstinventar","author":"Laux","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1159\/000414022","article-title":"Social phobia","volume":"22","author":"Liebowitz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/026999399379032","article-title":"Social anxiety and attention away from emotional faces","volume":"13","author":"Mansell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.5.1.119","article-title":"The effects of fear and anger facial expressions on approach- and avoidance-related behaviors","volume":"5","author":"Marsh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018738019346","article-title":"A cognitive model of selective processing in anxiety","volume":"22","author":"Mathews","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00134-2","article-title":"Screening for social anxiety disorder in the clinical setting: Using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale","volume":"16","author":"Mennin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(89)90048-X","article-title":"Psychophysiological and subjective reactions of social phobics and normals to facial stimuli","volume":"27","author":"Merckelbach","year":"1989","journal-title":"Behavior Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00063-1","article-title":"A cogntitive\u2013motivational analysis of anxiety","volume":"36","author":"Mogg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behavior Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.1.160","article-title":"Selective attention to angry faces in clinical social phobia","volume":"113","author":"Mogg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.10124","article-title":"A confirmatory factor analysis of a self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale","volume":"59","author":"Oakman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00608.x","article-title":"Face the beast and fear the face: Animal and social fears as prototypes for evolutionary analyses of emotion","volume":"23","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib34","series-title":"Handbook of emotions","first-page":"511","article-title":"Fear and anxiety as emotional phenomena","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.05.005","article-title":"Social phobics do not misinterpret facial expression of emotion","volume":"43","author":"Philippot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behavior Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/026999396380303","article-title":"Varieties of cues to emotion in naturally occurring situations","volume":"10","author":"Planalp","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00022-3","article-title":"A cognitive\u2013behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia","volume":"32","author":"Rapee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behavior Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2006.10.001","article-title":"Approach and avoidance in fear of spiders","volume":"38","author":"Rinck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.114.2.235","article-title":"Speeded detection and increased distraction in fear of spiders: Evidence from eye movements","volume":"114","author":"Rinck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.007","article-title":"The treatment of social anxiety disorder","volume":"24","author":"Rodebaugh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1037\/h0047274","article-title":"Latency of instrumental responses as a function of compatibility with the meaning of eliciting verbal signs","volume":"59","author":"Solarz","year":"1960","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib42","unstructured":"Stangier, U., & Heidenreich, T. (in press). Die Liebowitz Soziale Angst-Skala (LHSAS). In: Collegium Internationale Psychiatriae Scalarum (Eds.), Internationale Skalen f\u00fcr Psychiatrie. Weinheim, Germany: Beltz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(93)90024-O","article-title":"Cognitive processes in social phobia","volume":"31","author":"Stopa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib44","series-title":"From social anxiety to social phobia: Multiple perspectives","first-page":"281","article-title":"An integrated cognitive\u2013behavioral model of social anxiety","author":"Turk","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(98)80037-3","article-title":"Social phobia: Effects of external attention on anxiety, negative beliefs, and perspective taking","volume":"29","author":"Wells","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behaviour Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(05)80088-7","article-title":"Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs","volume":"26","author":"Wells","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib47","series-title":"Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders","author":"Williams","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)E0019-F","article-title":"Social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and the detection of negative emotion in others","volume":"33","author":"Winton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behavior Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800110062008","article-title":"A self-report scale to diagnose major depressive disorder","volume":"43","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796707001829?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796707001829?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,5]],"date-time":"2019-01-05T02:54:31Z","timestamp":1546656871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005796707001829"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0005796707001829"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}}}