{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:23:51Z","timestamp":1791433431254,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,28]],"date-time":"2014-03-28T20:36:48Z","timestamp":1396039008000},"page":"82-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An examination of avoidance in major depression in comparison to social anxiety disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Nicole D.","family":"Ottenbreit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9542-0822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keith S.","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Quigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.11.015","article-title":"An evaluation of an integrated model of relapse in depression","volume":"124","author":"Backs-Dermott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib3","series-title":"Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic","author":"Barlow","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib4","series-title":"Treatment of depression: Old controversies and new approaches","first-page":"265","article-title":"Cognitive therapy of depression: new perspectives","author":"Beck","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib5","series-title":"Cognitive therapy of depression","author":"Beck","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib6","series-title":"Beck depression inventory-II manual","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005450908245","article-title":"Interaction of cognitive avoidance coping and stress in predicting depression\/anxiety","volume":"24","author":"Blalock","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib8","series-title":"Worrying: Perspectives in theory, assessment, and treatment","first-page":"5","article-title":"The nature, functions, and origins of worry","author":"Borkovec","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00960448","article-title":"Personality factors in dysphoria: a psychometric refinement of Beck\u2019s sociotropy-autonomy scale","volume":"13","author":"Clark","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib10","series-title":"Scientific foundations of cognitive theory and therapy of depression","author":"Clark","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00074-T","article-title":"Psychometric characteristics of the revised sociotropy-autonomy scales in college students","volume":"33","author":"Clark","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behavioural Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib12","series-title":"Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment","first-page":"69","article-title":"A\u00a0cognitive model of social phobia","author":"Clark","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013889504101","article-title":"Vulnerability to social stress: coping as a mediator or moderator of sociotropy and symptoms of anxiety and depression","volume":"26","author":"Connor-Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.118.3.358","article-title":"Issues in personality as diathesis for depression: the case of sociotropy-dependency and autonomy-self-criticism","volume":"118","author":"Coyne","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1375\/bech.23.3.165","article-title":"Rumination and experiential avoidance in depression","volume":"23","author":"Cribb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behaviour Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.11.001","article-title":"Behavioral activation treatments of depression: a meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib17","first-page":"5383","article-title":"Attachment, interpersonal problem-solving, and stress in depression: An integrated developmental approach","volume":"54","author":"Davila","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dissertation Abstracts International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.104.4.592","article-title":"Poor interpersonal problem solving as a mechanism of stress generation in depression among adolescent women","volume":"104","author":"Davila","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.11.002","article-title":"Rumination, worry, cognitive avoidance, and behavioral avoidance: examination of temporal effects","volume":"43","author":"Dickson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199812)54:8<1091::AID-JCLP9>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Social problem-solving deficits and hopelessness, depression, and suicidal risk in college students and psychiatric patients","volume":"54","author":"D\u2019Zurilla","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib21","series-title":"Problem-solving therapy: A social competence approach to clinical intervention","author":"D\u2019Zurilla","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib22","series-title":"North Tonawanda","article-title":"Manual for the social problem-solving inventory-revised","author":"D\u2019Zurilla","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1037\/h0035605","article-title":"A\u00a0functional analysis of depression","volume":"28","author":"Ferster","year":"1973","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib24","series-title":"Structured clinical interview for the DSM-IV axis I disorders- research version. (SCID-I, version 2.0, February 1996, final version)","author":"First","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.99.1.20","article-title":"Emotional processing of fear: exposure to corrective information","volume":"99","author":"Foa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00325-9","article-title":"Harm avoidance dimension of the tridimensional personality questionnaire and serotonin-1A activity in depressed patients","volume":"42","author":"Hansenne","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib27","first-page":"255","article-title":"Behavioral activation treatment for depression: returning to contextual roots","volume":"8","author":"Jacobson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib28","unstructured":"Joiner, T. E.. (2002). Depression in its interpersonal context. In I. H. Gotlib & C. L. Hammen (Eds.), Handbook of depression (pp. 295\u2013313). New York: Guilford Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02357751","article-title":"Stress and coping in depressed women","volume":"18","author":"Kuyken","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib30","series-title":"Depression in context: Strategies for guided action","author":"Martell","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.03.003","article-title":"The relationship between rumination, avoidance and depression in a non-clinical sample","volume":"45","author":"Moulds","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib32","series-title":"Learning theory and behavior","author":"Mowrer","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026426832222","article-title":"Sociotropic and autonomous personality styles: contributions to chronic life stress","volume":"25","author":"Nelson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib34","series-title":"Problem-solving therapy for depression: Theory, research and methods","author":"Nezu","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.4.569","article-title":"Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes","volume":"100","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143109","article-title":"Emotion regulation and psychopathology: the role of gender","volume":"8","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.1.115","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","volume":"61","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x","article-title":"Rethinking rumination","volume":"3","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00140-2","article-title":"Avoidance and depression: the construction of the cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale","volume":"42","author":"Ottenbreit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib40","series-title":"Handbook of affective disorders","first-page":"147","article-title":"Life events and social stress","author":"Paykel","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00022-3","article-title":"A\u00a0cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia","volume":"35","author":"Rapee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1017\/S0141347300011472","article-title":"The importance of behaviour in the maintenance of anxiety and panic: a cognitive account","volume":"19","author":"Salkovskis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Behavioural Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib43","unstructured":"Segrin, C.. (1998). Interpersonal communication problems associated with depression and loneliness. In P. A. Anderson & L. A. Guerrero (Eds.), The handbook of communication and emotion (pp. 215\u2013242). New York: Academic Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02766649","article-title":"Women and depression: an update on the report of the APA task force","volume":"36","author":"Sprock","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1995.tb01840.x","article-title":"Life-events and psychiatric symptoms in a general psychiatry clinic: the role of intrusion and avoidance","volume":"68","author":"Spurrell","year":"1995","journal-title":"British Journal of Medical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.87.2.245","article-title":"Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix","volume":"87","author":"Steiger","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327957PSPR0601_1","article-title":"Sex differences in coping behavior: a meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping","volume":"6","author":"Tamres","year":"2002","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561","article-title":"Rumination reconsidered: a psychometric analysis","volume":"27","author":"Treynor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2007.04.007","article-title":"Reduced concreteness of rumination in depression: a pilot study","volume":"43","author":"Watkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2010.11.004","article-title":"The relationship between the maladaptive self-beliefs characteristic of social anxiety and avoidance","volume":"42","author":"Wong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796714000436?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796714000436?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T04:21:30Z","timestamp":1538713290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005796714000436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0005796714000436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An examination of avoidance in major depression in comparison to social anxiety disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}