{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:14:58Z","timestamp":1790622898156,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T13:12:49Z","timestamp":1426079569000},"page":"27-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Affect labeling enhances exposure effectiveness for public speaking anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Andrea N.","family":"Niles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle G.","family":"Craske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X10000853","article-title":"Neural reuse: a fundamental organizational principle of the brain","volume":"33","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2009.05.001","article-title":"First-line treatment: a critical appraisal of cognitive behavioral therapy developments and alternatives","volume":"32","author":"Arch","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsm029","article-title":"Amygdala-frontal connectivity during emotion regulation","volume":"2","author":"Banks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib4","series-title":"A\u00a0guide for analysing electrodermal activity (EDA) and skin conductance responses (SCRs) for psychophysiological experiments via the MP36R and AcqKnowledge software (No. 1)","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00221","article-title":"The common and distinct neural bases of affect labeling and reappraisal in healthy adults","volume":"5","author":"Burklund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.07.003","article-title":"The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses","volume":"26","author":"Butler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.08.002","article-title":"The compensation and capitalization models: a test of two approaches to individualizing the treatment of depression","volume":"50","author":"Cheavens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.74.3.568","article-title":"Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"74","author":"Clark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib9","series-title":"Social phobia","first-page":"69","article-title":"A\u00a0cognitive model of social phobia","author":"Clark","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.10.003","article-title":"Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy","volume":"46","author":"Craske","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.026511","article-title":"Role of inhibition in exposure therapy","volume":"3","author":"Craske","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2011.10.009","article-title":"Emotional variability and sustained arousal during exposure","volume":"43","author":"Culver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.4.639","article-title":"Neural components of social evaluation","volume":"85","author":"Cunningham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.10.1005","article-title":"Fluoxetine, comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy, and placebo in generalized social phobia","volume":"61","author":"Davidson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.002","article-title":"Physiological and behavioral indices of emotion dysregulation as predictors of outcome from cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety","volume":"46","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.15.030192.002033","article-title":"The role of the amygdala in fear and anxiety","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.06.029","article-title":"Neural circuitry underlying the regulation of conditioned fear and its relation to extinction","volume":"59","author":"Delgado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014699","article-title":"Effect sizes for growth-modeling analysis for controlled clinical trials in the same metric as for classical analysis","volume":"14","author":"Feingold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(05)80040-1","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral versus exposure only treatment for social phobia: a meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Feske","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0811","article-title":"Explicit and incidental facial expression processing: an fMRI study","volume":"14","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2001","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.064","article-title":"Reduced resting-state functional connectivity between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in social anxiety disorder","volume":"56","author":"Hahn","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200001170-00009","article-title":"Modulating emotional responses: effects of a neocortical network on the limbic system","volume":"11","author":"Hariri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01786-9","article-title":"Neocortical modulation of the amygdala response to fearful stimuli","volume":"53","author":"Hariri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib24","series-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change","author":"Hayes","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01183-0","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: current status and future directions","volume":"51","author":"Heimberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0415","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"69","author":"Hofmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib27","series-title":"Managing social anxiety: A cognitive-behavioral therapy approach client workbook","author":"Hope","year":"2000"},{"issue":"4571","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6289442","article-title":"Molecular biology of learning: modulation of transmitter release","volume":"218","author":"Kandel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.04.025","article-title":"The structural and functional connectivity of the amygdala: from normal emotion to pathological anxiety","volume":"223","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612443830","article-title":"Feelings into words: contributions of language to exposure therapy","author":"Kircanski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib31","series-title":"International affective picture system (IAPS): Technical manual and affective ratings","author":"Lang","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib32","series-title":"Social judgments: Implicit and explicit processes","first-page":"44","article-title":"Reflexive and reflective judgment processes: a social cognitive neuroscience approach","author":"Lieberman","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195316872.003.0013","article-title":"Why symbolic processing of affect can disrupt negative affect: social cognitive and affective neuroscience investigations","author":"Lieberman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Neuroscience: Toward Understanding the Underpinnings of the Social Mind"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01916.x","article-title":"Putting feelings into words: affect labeling disrupts amygdala activity in response to affective stimuli","volume":"18","author":"Lieberman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023503","article-title":"Subjective responses to emotional stimuli during labeling, reappraisal, and distraction","volume":"11","author":"Lieberman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0542-9","article-title":"fMRI predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric anxiety disorders","volume":"191","author":"McClure","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/03637757009375677","article-title":"Measures of communication-bound anxiety","volume":"37","author":"McCroskey","year":"1970","journal-title":"Speech Monographs"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10706","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502441102","article-title":"Thickness of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in humans is correlated with extinction memory","volume":"102","author":"Milad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"6911","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01138","article-title":"Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction","volume":"420","author":"Milad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200008030-00044","article-title":"Brain regions involved in verbal or non-verbal aspects of facial emotion recognition","volume":"11","author":"Narumoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.06.005","article-title":"Attentional bias and emotional reactivity as predictors and moderators of behavioral treatment for social phobia","volume":"51","author":"Niles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.08.042","article-title":"Extinction learning in humans: role of the amygdala and vmPFC","volume":"43","author":"Phelps","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198807000-00006","article-title":"Four types of social phobia in a community sample","volume":"176","author":"Pollard","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00089-3","article-title":"Post-event processing in social anxiety","volume":"38","author":"Rachman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00022-3","article-title":"A\u00a0cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia","volume":"35","author":"Rapee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(91)90001-B","article-title":"Response to treatments for depression: the role of initial status on targeted cognitive and behavioral skills","volume":"11","author":"Rude","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00111","article-title":"A\u00a0practical guide to calculating cohen's f(2), a measure of local effect size, from PROC MIXED","volume":"3","author":"Selya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124194022003004","article-title":"Modeled variance in two-level models","volume":"22","author":"Snijders","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sociological Methods & Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830020087010","article-title":"Public-speaking fears in a community sample. Prevalence, impact on functioning, and diagnostic classification","volume":"53","author":"Stein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.8.3.307","article-title":"The lasting effect of words on feelings: words may facilitate exposure effects to threatening images","volume":"8","author":"Tabibnia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.05.003","article-title":"Is cognitive-behavioral therapy more effective than other therapies? A meta-analytic review","volume":"30","author":"Tolin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(00)80026-X","article-title":"Timing of treatment and return of fear: effects of massed, uniform-, and expanding-spaced exposure schedules","volume":"31","author":"Tsao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.4.756","article-title":"Comparison of compensation and capitalization models when treating suicidality in young adults","volume":"73","author":"Wingate","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798008174","article-title":"Social fears and social phobia in a community sample of adolescents and young adults: prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidity","volume":"29","author":"Wittchen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"}],"container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796715000431?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796715000431?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T10:21:46Z","timestamp":1537784506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005796715000431"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0005796715000431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Affect labeling enhances exposure effectiveness for public speaking anxiety","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}