{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:57:19Z","timestamp":1790949439686,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]],"date-time":"2015-04-16T02:53:15Z","timestamp":1429152795000},"page":"100-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cognitive versus exposure therapy for problem gambling: Randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"David P.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm W.","family":"Battersby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene G.","family":"Pols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Ladouceur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders: DSM-5","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2001.tb00310.x","article-title":"Interpreting scores on the Kessler psychological distress scale (K10)","volume":"25","author":"Andrews","year":"2001","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib3","series-title":"Population by age and sex, regions of Australia","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh299","article-title":"Regression to the mean: what it is and how to deal with it","volume":"34","author":"Barnett","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib5","series-title":"In the pursuit of winning","first-page":"179","article-title":"Cognitive behavioural treatment for problem gamblers","author":"Battersby","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/16506070903190245","article-title":"Motivational interviewing versus cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of problem and pathological gambling: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Carlbring","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy"},{"issue":"1538","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0147","article-title":"Decision-making during gambling: an integration of cognitive and psychobiological approaches","volume":"365","author":"Clark","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.74.3.568","article-title":"Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"74","author":"Clark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib9","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1201200202","article-title":"What hypotheses do \u201cnonparametric\u201d two-group tests actually test?","volume":"2","author":"Conroy","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Stata Journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008937.pub2","article-title":"Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling","author":"Cowlishaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib12","series-title":"Mathematical methods of statistics","author":"Cram\u00e9r","year":"1946"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.74.4.658","article-title":"Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression","volume":"74","author":"Dimidjian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"7347","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7347.1183","article-title":"Increasing response rates to postal questionnaires: systematic review","volume":"324","author":"Edwards","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780111304","article-title":"Repeated measures in clinical trials: analysis using mean summary statistics and its implications for design","volume":"11","author":"Frison","year":"1992","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024338","article-title":"Effect size estimates: current use, calculations, and interpretation","volume":"141","author":"Fritz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-9007-z","article-title":"Factors associated with gamblers: a population-based cross-sectional study of South Australian adults","volume":"22","author":"Gill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.062414","article-title":"Imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing for pathological gambling: randomised controlled trial","volume":"195","author":"Grant","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000004078.93012.7d","article-title":"Do patients drop out prematurely from exposure therapy for PTSD?","volume":"16","author":"Hembree","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774511420743","article-title":"Beyond the intention-to-treat in comparative effectiveness research","volume":"9","author":"Hernan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Trials"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.64.2.295","article-title":"A\u00a0component analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression","volume":"64","author":"Jacobson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.59.1.12","article-title":"Clinical significance: a statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research","volume":"59","author":"Jacobson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib23","series-title":"Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology","author":"Krippendorff","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00036-0","article-title":"Group therapy for pathological gamblers: a cognitive approach","volume":"41","author":"Ladouceur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200111000-00007","article-title":"Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling","volume":"189","author":"Ladouceur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.9.1184","article-title":"The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS): a new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers","volume":"144","author":"Lesieur","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.4.317","article-title":"Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder by exposure and\/or cognitive restructuring: a controlled study","volume":"55","author":"Marks","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.142.4.366","article-title":"Controlled comparison of aversive therapy and imaginal desensitization in compulsive gambling","volume":"142","author":"McConaghy","year":"1983","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.159.3.390","article-title":"Comparison of imaginal desensitisation with other behavioural treatments of pathological gambling: a two- to nine-year follow-up","volume":"159","author":"McConaghy","year":"1991","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/14459790600927845","article-title":"Measuring problem gambling: assessment of three prevalence screens","volume":"6","author":"McMillen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Gambl. Stud."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.02.004","article-title":"Psychological treatment dropout among pathological gamblers","volume":"27","author":"Melville","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.5.461","article-title":"The work and social adjustment scale: a simple measure of impairment in functioning","volume":"180","author":"Mundt","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-007-9074-4","article-title":"Exposure therapy for problem gambling via videoconferencing: a case report","volume":"24","author":"Oakes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00753.x","article-title":"The Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS): development, confirmatory factor validation and psychometric properties","volume":"99","author":"Raylu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.18.2.100","article-title":"The gambling urge scale: development, confirmatory factor validation, and psychometric properties","volume":"18","author":"Raylu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1584.2011.01199.x","article-title":"Exposure therapy for problem gambling in rural communities: a program model and early outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Riley","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Australian journal of rural health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294801","article-title":"Multilevel logistic regression for polytomous data and rankings","volume":"68","author":"Skrondal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3109\/00048674.2010.543653","article-title":"Kessler psychological distress scale: normative data from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing","volume":"45","author":"Slade","year":"2011","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003244","article-title":"Two-group randomised, parallel trial of cognitive and exposure therapies for problem gambling: a research protocol","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.3109\/00048674.2010.493502","article-title":"Treatment outcomes and predictors of drop out for problem gamblers in South Australia: a cohort study","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of affective and anxiety disorders on outcome in problem gamblers attending routine cognitive\u2013behavioural treatment in south Australia","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib41","series-title":"Stata: Release 13. Statistical software","author":"StataCorp","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(00)00158-1","article-title":"Reliability, validity, and classification accuracy of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS)","volume":"27","author":"Stinchfield","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.65.5.727","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: a controlled study","volume":"65","author":"Sylvain","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9172-6","article-title":"The victorian gambling screen: reliability and validity in a clinical population","volume":"26","author":"Tolchard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib45","first-page":"148","article-title":"Single-session exposure therapy for problem gambling: a single-case experimental design","volume":"23","author":"Tolchard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behaviour Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00052-L","article-title":"Cognitive therapy and exposure in\u00a0vivo in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"33","author":"Van Oppen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01341.x","article-title":"A\u00a0framework for reporting outcomes in problem gambling treatment research: the Banff, Alberta Consensus","volume":"101","author":"Walker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008_bib48","series-title":"Cognitive therapy scale: rating manual","author":"Young","year":"1980"}],"container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796715000662?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796715000662?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T14:52:09Z","timestamp":1566571929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005796715000662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0005796715000662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cognitive versus exposure therapy for problem gambling: Randomised controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2015.04.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}