{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:05:52Z","timestamp":1778220352749,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]],"date-time":"2022-04-30T10:46:54Z","timestamp":1651315614000},"page":"104105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Unsupervised clustering of autonomic temporal networks in clinically distressed and psychologically healthy individuals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9754-4618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoe Y.","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.06.010","article-title":"Borderline and cluster C personality disorders manifest distinct physiological responses to psychosocial stress","volume":"72","author":"Aleknaviciute","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104745","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system activity predicts increasing serum cytokines in children","volume":"119","author":"Alen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib3","article-title":"The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","volume":"Vol. 5","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.09.065","article-title":"Influence of age, gender, body mass index, and functional capacity on heart rate variability in a cohort of subjects without heart disease","volume":"93","author":"Antelmi","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.10.2.176","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in clinical groups and a community sample","volume":"10","author":"Antony","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02140.x","article-title":"Heart rate variability: Origins, methods, and interpretive caveats","volume":"34","author":"Berntson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.98.4.459","article-title":"Autonomic determinism: The modes of autonomic control, the doctrine of autonomic space, and the laws of autonomic constraint","volume":"98","author":"Berntson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib8","series-title":"Cardiovascular psychophysiology","author":"Berntson","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib9","series-title":"Anxiety and related disorders interview schedule for DSM-5: Clinician manual","author":"Brown","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib10","series-title":"Handbook of psychophysiology","author":"Cacioppo","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.181","article-title":"Depression and coronary heart disease","volume":"14","author":"Carney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000162254.61556.d5","article-title":"Depression, the autonomic nervous system, and coronary heart disease","volume":"67","author":"Carney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.059","article-title":"Role of endothelial shear stress in the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling: Molecular, cellular, and vascular behavior","volume":"49","author":"Chatzizisis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4065\/77.1.45","article-title":"Autonomic tone as a cardiovascular risk factor: The dangers of chronic fight or flight","volume":"77","author":"Curtis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00677","article-title":"Comparative autonomic responses to diagnostic interviewing between individuals with GAD, MDD, SAD and healthy controls","volume":"10","author":"Diamond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3027","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of the cognitive model of depression","volume":"12","author":"Disner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-019-01286-2","article-title":"Exercise capacity and body mass index - important predictors of change in resting heart rate","volume":"19","author":"Ehrenwald","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib18","first-page":"4","article-title":"qgraph: Network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data","volume":"1","author":"Epskamp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2009.12.007","article-title":"Sympathetic arousal moderates self-reported physiological arousal symptoms at baseline and physiological flexibility in response to a stressor in generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"83","author":"Fisher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib20","series-title":"Lack of group-to-individual generalizability is a threat to human subjects research","author":"Fisher","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2013.01.012","article-title":"Heart rate and autonomic response to stress after experimental induction of worry versus relaxation in healthy, high-worry, and generalized anxiety disorder individuals","volume":"93","author":"Fisher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20872","article-title":"Toward a systems-based approach to understanding the role of the sympathetic nervous system in depression","volume":"20","author":"Fisher","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12148","article-title":"Cardiac stability at differing levels of temporal analysis in panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and healthy controls","volume":"51","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2005.08.009","article-title":"An autonomic flexibility-neurovisceral integration model of anxiety and cardiac vagal tone","volume":"74","author":"Friedman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2020.107846","article-title":"Sympathetic contributions to habituation and recovery of the cardiac defense response","volume":"151","author":"Garrido","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2016.1256187","article-title":"Unsupervised classification during time-series model building","volume":"52","author":"Gates","year":"2017","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.026","article-title":"Group search algorithm recovers effective connectivity maps for individuals in homogeneous and heterogeneous samples","volume":"63","author":"Gates","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.117","article-title":"Automatic search for fMRI connectivity mapping: An alternative to Granger causality testing using formal equivalences among SEM path modeling, VAR, and unified SEM","volume":"50","author":"Gates","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.2307\/1912791","article-title":"Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods","volume":"37","author":"Granger","year":"1969","journal-title":"Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3042","article-title":"Reciprocal regulation of the neural and innate immune systems","volume":"11","author":"Irwin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib32","series-title":"Gimme: Group iterative multiple model estimation","author":"Lane","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000192","article-title":"Uncovering general, shared, and unique temporal patterns in ambulatory assessment data","volume":"24","author":"Lane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb37302.x","article-title":"Autonomic interactions in cardiac control","volume":"601","author":"Levy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","article-title":"The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories","volume":"33","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294246","article-title":"A dynamic factor model for the analysis of multivariate time series","volume":"50","author":"Molenaar","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.4.2.224","article-title":"Distinguishing anxiety and depression: Reexamination of the reconstructed Hamilton scales","volume":"4","author":"Moras","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.03.008","article-title":"Autonomic innervation and regulation of the immune system (1987\u20132007)","volume":"21","author":"Nance","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.02.029","article-title":"Depression is a risk factor for incident coronary heart disease in women: An 18-year longitudinal study","volume":"196","author":"O'Neil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7155\/jgaa.00124","article-title":"Computing communities in large networks using random walks","author":"Pons","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2009.02098.x","article-title":"Cholinergic control of inflammation","volume":"265","author":"Rosas\u2010Ballina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207","article-title":"Atherosclerosis\u2014an inflammatory disease","volume":"340","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib43","first-page":"55","article-title":"How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions","volume":"21","author":"Sapolsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.10.007","article-title":"Depression, anxiety and 6-year risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"78","author":"Seldenrijk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00964561","article-title":"Relationships between the Beck depression inventory and the Hamilton psychiatric rating scale for depression in depressed outpatients","volume":"9","author":"Steer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(94)90059-0","article-title":"Heart rate variability: A measure of cardiac autonomic tone","volume":"127","author":"Stein","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014492","article-title":"Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms predict onset of cardiovascular events in women","author":"Sumner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib48","series-title":"Handbook of behavioral medicine","first-page":"723","article-title":"The non-invasive assessment of autonomic influences on the heart using impedance cardiography and heart rate variability","author":"Thayer","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2005.11.013","article-title":"The role of vagal function in the risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality","volume":"74","author":"Thayer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.2.878","article-title":"Reduced heart rate variability and mortality risk in an elderly cohort. The Framingham Heart Study","volume":"90","author":"Tsuji","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.10.007","article-title":"Alteration of cardiac autonomic functions in patients with major depression: A study using heart rate variability measures","volume":"100","author":"Udupa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib52","first-page":"I48","article-title":"Mechanisms of behaviorally induced arrhythmias","volume":"76","author":"Verrier","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105_bib53","series-title":"Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796722000766?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796722000766?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T09:42:30Z","timestamp":1757756550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005796722000766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0005796722000766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Unsupervised clustering of autonomic temporal networks in clinically distressed and psychologically healthy individuals","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104105","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104105"}}