{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:59:17Z","timestamp":1788998357757,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ISF 1761\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISF 1761\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T01:00:51Z","timestamp":1720918851000},"page":"104604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Shifting away from negative inferences affects rumination and mood"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"181","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6157-2203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baruch","family":"Perlman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil","family":"Burg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noa","family":"Avirbach-Shabat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilly","family":"Mor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.96.2.358","article-title":"Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression","volume":"96","author":"Abramson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib2","series-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"Aiken","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02282","article-title":"Attentional control deficits predict brooding, but not reflection, over a one-year period","volume":"10","author":"Allard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2018.1476321","article-title":"Cognitive bias modification for inferential style","volume":"33","author":"Avirbach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6257","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01924-z","article-title":"Spontaneous and instructed emotion regulation in dysphoria: Effects on emotion experience and use of other emotion regulation strategies","volume":"42","author":"Balderas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib6","series-title":"Manual for the beck depression inventory-II","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23214","article-title":"Evaluating interactions between emotion regulation strategies through the interpersonal context of female friends","volume":"78","author":"Christensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-020-09898-1","article-title":"Do worry and brooding predict health behaviors? A daily diary investigation","volume":"27","author":"Clancy","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"For whom and what does cognitive reappraisal help? A prospective study","author":"Dawel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019010","article-title":"Emotion regulation and vulnerability to depression: Spontaneous versus instructed use of emotion suppression and reappraisal","volume":"10","author":"Ehring","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2007.26.5.595","article-title":"Explanatory flexibility and negative life events interact to predict depression symptoms","volume":"26","author":"Fresco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-006-9019-8","article-title":"Flexibility and negative affect: Examining the associations of explanatory flexibility and coping flexibility to each other and to depression and anxiety","volume":"30","author":"Fresco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.348","article-title":"Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being","volume":"85","author":"Gross","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.12.001","article-title":"Measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression: Development and validation of the cognitive style questionnaire","volume":"28","author":"Haeffel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691621995752","article-title":"Applying the science of habit formation to evidence-based psychological treatments for mental illness","volume":"17","author":"Harvey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib17","series-title":"Cognition, emotion and psychopathology: Theoretical, empirical and clinical directions","first-page":"109","article-title":"Habits of thought produce memory biases in anxiety and depression","author":"Hertel","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.04.005","article-title":"The influence of cognitive flexibility on treatment outcome and cognitive restructuring skill acquisition during cognitive behavioural treatment for anxiety and depression in older adults: Results of a pilot study","volume":"57","author":"Johnco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930903407948","article-title":"Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition","volume":"24","author":"Joormann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.08.005","article-title":"Understanding depressive rumination from a cognitive science perspective: The impaired disengagement hypothesis","volume":"31","author":"Koster","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-015-9702-8","article-title":"Explanatory flexibility and explanatory style in treatment-seeking patients with Axis I psychopathology","volume":"39","author":"Lackner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.06.008","article-title":"Depression: A cognitive perspective","volume":"69","author":"LeMoult","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib23","first-page":"345","article-title":"The hopelessness theory of depression: A quarter\u2010century in review","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.10.025","article-title":"The regulation of positive and negative emotions through instructed causal attributions in lifetime depression \u2013 a functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"20","author":"Loeffler","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000370","article-title":"Estimating the reliability of emotion measures over very short intervals: The utility of within-session retest correlations","volume":"18","author":"Lowman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-018-9901-1","article-title":"The Brief state rumination inventory (BSRI): Validation and psychometric evaluation","volume":"42","author":"Marchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104180","article-title":"Attention and interpretation cognitive bias change: A systematic review and meta-analysis of bias modification paradigms","volume":"157","author":"Martinelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90135-6","article-title":"Development and validation of the Penn state worry questionnaire","volume":"28","author":"Meyer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1348\/000712608X395522","article-title":"An exploration of the moderating effect of trait emotional intelligence on memory and attention in neutral and stressful conditions","volume":"100","author":"Mikolajczak","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20915","article-title":"Cognitive inflexibility as a prospective predictor of suicidal ideation among young adults with a suicide attempt history","volume":"29","author":"Miranda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.06.007","article-title":"The relationship of explanatory flexibility to explanatory style","volume":"38","author":"Moore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/15298868.2022.2041080","article-title":"Reflective rumination mediates the effects of neuroticism upon the fading affect bias in autobiographical memory","volume":"22","author":"Muir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Self and Identity"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2019.08.005","article-title":"A test of the habit-goal framework of depressive rumination and its relevance to cognitive reactivity","volume":"51","author":"\u00d3lafsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104128","article-title":"Cognitive bias modification of inferential flexibility","volume":"155","author":"Perlman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/21677026211009886","article-title":"Inferences training affects memory, rumination, and mood","volume":"10","author":"Perlman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021899","article-title":"Experimental modification of attribution processes","volume":"120","author":"Peters","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib37","series-title":"Handbook of emotion regulation","first-page":"159","article-title":"Explanatory style and emotion regulation","author":"Peterson","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01173577","article-title":"The attributional style questionnaire","volume":"6","author":"Peterson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0465-z","article-title":"Integrating the hopelessness model and the response style theory in an adolescent sample","volume":"47","author":"P\u00f6ssel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/jcad.12130","article-title":"Can the hopelessness model of depression and response style theory be integrated?","volume":"95","author":"P\u00f6ssel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Counseling and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib41","series-title":"Handbook of cognitive behavioral therapy: Overview and approaches","first-page":"207","article-title":"Cognitive restructuring","author":"Purdon","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2013.848786","article-title":"An examination of trait, spontaneous and instructed emotion regulation in dysphoria","volume":"28","author":"Quigley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1037\/int0000030","article-title":"Cognitive attributions in depression: Bridging the gap between research and clinical practice","volume":"26","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Psychotherapy Integration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2023.101854","article-title":"A single case series of imagery rescripting of intrusive autobiographical memories in depression","volume":"81","author":"Stavropoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22593","article-title":"Upregulating the positive affect system in anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a positive activity intervention","volume":"34","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561","article-title":"Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis","volume":"27","author":"Treynor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013642","article-title":"Concreteness training reduces dysphoria: Proof-of-principle for repeated cognitive bias modification in depression","volume":"118","author":"Watkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035540","article-title":"A habit-goal framework of depressive rumination","volume":"123","author":"Watkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103573","article-title":"Reflecting on rumination: Consequences, causes, mechanisms and treatment of rumination","volume":"127","author":"Watkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002480","article-title":"Guided self-help concreteness training as an intervention for major depression in primary care: A phase II randomized controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Watkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib51","series-title":"The PANAS-X: Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule-expanded form","author":"Watson","year":"1994"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.114.4.843","article-title":"A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface","volume":"114","author":"Wood","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Review"}],"container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796724001311?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796724001311?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:31:48Z","timestamp":1778632308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005796724001311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0005796724001311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604","relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"uri","id":"https:\/\/osf.io\/mabz4\/?view_only=0553d58a8e7a481ca3930298f1525455","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0005-7967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Shifting away from negative inferences affects rumination and mood","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104604","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104604"}}