{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T11:39:53Z","timestamp":1787917193858,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006379","name":"Office of Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01CX001068-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01CX001068-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T11:51:29Z","timestamp":1749815489000},"page":"104803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Female veterans with military sexual trauma history and posttraumatic stress disorder display impaired fear extinction learning"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Seth D.","family":"Norrholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna L.","family":"Laymon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Szewczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah T.","family":"Weingast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittney P.","family":"Innocente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian","family":"Heymann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renie","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manessa","family":"Riser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Woodford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Noetzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Jovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Acierno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori L.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2021.102461","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of in-person vs. home-based telemedicine delivery of prolonged exposure for PTSD in military sexual trauma survivors","volume":"83","author":"Acierno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.05.005","article-title":"A causal model of post-traumatic stress disorder: Disentangling predisposed from acquired neural abnormalities","volume":"17","author":"Admon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.07.007","article-title":"Unique neurocircuitry activation profiles during fear conditioning and extinction among women with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"141","author":"Ahrenholtz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib4","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib5","article-title":"Optimizing allocation to telehealth and In-Person prolonged exposure for women veterans with military sexual trauma: A precision medicine approach","volume":"14","author":"Argyriou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav Sci (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1590-5","article-title":"Factors associated with persistent posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. military service members and veterans","volume":"18","author":"Armenta","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105146","article-title":"Consensus design of a calibration experiment for human fear conditioning","volume":"148","author":"Bach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2024.107994","article-title":"Out with the bad, in with the good: A review on augmented extinction learning in humans","volume":"215","author":"Bauer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2012.08.003","article-title":"Rating data are underrated: Validity of US expectancy in human fear conditioning","volume":"44","author":"Boddez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 17","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib10","first-page":"16","article-title":"The epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: What is the extent of the problem?","volume":"62","author":"Breslau","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"88","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Conditioned fear associated phenotypes as robust, translational indices of trauma-, stressor-, and anxiety-related behaviors","volume":"5","author":"Briscione","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9 Suppl 8","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Women and anxiety disorders: Implications for diagnosis and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Cloitre","year":"2004","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.139.2.128","article-title":"The symptomatology of puerperal illnesses","volume":"139","author":"Dean","year":"1981","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/00012272-200510000-00008","article-title":"Estrogen-related mood disorders: Reproductive life cycle factors","volume":"28","author":"Douma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Advances in Nursing Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327876mp1103_3","article-title":"Measuring sexual harassment in the military: The sexual experiences questionnaire (SEQ-DoD)","volume":"11","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"1999","journal-title":"Military Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib16","series-title":"Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD: Emotional processing of traumatic experiences, therapist guide","author":"Foa","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.12.023","article-title":"A cross species study of heterogeneity in fear extinction learning in relation to FKBP5 variation and expression: Implications for the acute treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"116","author":"Galatzer-Levy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2013.00055","article-title":"Heterogeneity in threat extinction learning: Substantive and methodological considerations for identifying individual difference in response to stress","volume":"7","author":"Galatzer-Levy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.02.031","article-title":"Estrogen levels are associated with extinction deficits in women with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"72","author":"Glover","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.02.007","article-title":"Estrogen and extinction of fear memories: Implications for posttraumatic stress disorder treatment","volume":"78","author":"Glover","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3021-09.2010","article-title":"Sex differences in stress response circuitry activation dependent on female hormonal cycle","volume":"30","author":"Goldstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9309","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2239-05.2005","article-title":"Hormonal cycle modulates arousal circuitry in women using functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"25","author":"Goldstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708002778","article-title":"Risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder among UK armed forces personnel","volume":"38","author":"Iversen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.02.023","article-title":"Impaired safety signal learning may be a biomarker of PTSD","volume":"62","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20663","article-title":"Impaired fear inhibition is a biomarker of PTSD but not depression","volume":"27","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.11.009","article-title":"Fear potentiation is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in PTSD","volume":"35","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.12.014","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder May be associated with impaired fear inhibition: Relation to symptom severity","volume":"167","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in the national comorbidity survey","volume":"52","author":"Kessler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21848","article-title":"National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria","volume":"26","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.092999","article-title":"The veterans health administration and military sexual trauma","volume":"97","author":"Kimerling","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.04.029","article-title":"Low estradiol levels: A vulnerability factor for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"72","author":"Lebron-Milad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-5380-2-3","article-title":"Sex differences, gonadal hormones and the fear extinction network: Implications for anxiety disorders","volume":"2","author":"Lebron-Milad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)67011-3","article-title":"The functional neuroanatomy of PTSD: A critical review","volume":"167","author":"Liberzon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Progress in Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib34","series-title":"Fear extinction: From basic neuroscience to clinical implications","first-page":"257","article-title":"Fear extinction learning in posttraumatic stress disorder","author":"Lokshina","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104072","article-title":"Multiverse analyses in fear conditioning research","volume":"153","author":"Lonsdorf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.02.026","article-title":"Don't fear 'fear conditioning': Methodological considerations for the design and analysis of studies on human fear acquisition, extinction, and return of fear","volume":"77","author":"Lonsdorf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.02.011","article-title":"Fear extinction retention: Is it what we think it is?","volume":"85","author":"Lonsdorf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(198411)40:6<1323::AID-JCLP2270400607>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"The combat exposure scale: A systematic assessment of trauma in the Vietnam war","volume":"40","author":"Lund","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104124","article-title":"Acquisition, extinction, and return of fear in veterans in intensive outpatient prolonged exposure therapy: A fear-potentiated startle study","volume":"154","author":"Maples-Keller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811211069124","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and fear extinction retention in healthy adults","volume":"36","author":"Maples-Keller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.10.039","article-title":"Women at war: Understanding how women veterans cope with combat and military sexual trauma","volume":"74","author":"Mattocks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.05.023","article-title":"Dexamethasone facilitates fear extinction and safety discrimination in PTSD: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study","volume":"83","author":"Michopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.09.011","article-title":"Estrous cycle phase and gonadal hormones influence conditioned fear extinction","volume":"164","author":"Milad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.01.017","article-title":"Presence and acquired origin of reduced recall for fear extinction in PTSD: Results of a twin study","volume":"42","author":"Milad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.06.026","article-title":"Neurobiological basis of failure to recall extinction memory in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"66","author":"Milad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.121208.131631","article-title":"Fear extinction as a model for translational neuroscience: Ten years of progress","volume":"63","author":"Milad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.04.030","article-title":"The influence of gonadal hormones on conditioned fear extinction in healthy humans","volume":"168","author":"Milad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2014.11.005","article-title":"Fear load: The psychophysiological over-expression of fear as an intermediate phenotype associated with trauma reactions","volume":"98","author":"Norrholm","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2174\/157340011797183193","article-title":"Translational fear inhibition models as indicies of trauma-related psychopathology","volume":"7","author":"Norrholm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000189","article-title":"Fear processing, psychophysiology, and PTSD","volume":"26","author":"Norrholm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.013","article-title":"Fear extinction in traumatized civilians with posttraumatic stress disorder: Relation to symptom severity","volume":"69","author":"Norrholm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.393906","article-title":"Conditioned fear extinction and reinstatement in a human fear-potentiated startle paradigm","volume":"13","author":"Norrholm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Learning & Memory"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012604","article-title":"Timing of extinction relative to acquisition: A parametric analysis of fear extinction in humans","volume":"122","author":"Norrholm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.483","article-title":"Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning","volume":"108","author":"Ohman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.2.183","article-title":"Gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"133","author":"Olff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.06.003","article-title":"Neurocircuitry models of posttraumatic stress disorder and beyond: A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies","volume":"36","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00608","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom network analysis in U.S. military veterans: Examining the impact of combat exposure","volume":"9","author":"Phillips","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(03)00040-6","article-title":"Anxiety disorders in women","volume":"26","author":"Pigott","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3339","article-title":"Biological studies of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"13","author":"Pitman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-002-0069-7","article-title":"The clinical nature and formal diagnosis of premenstrual, postpartum, and perimenopausal affective disorders","volume":"4","author":"Rapkin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.06.004","article-title":"Neurocircuitry models of posttraumatic stress disorder and extinction: Human neuroimaging research--past, present, and future","volume":"60","author":"Rauch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1301.012","article-title":"Applying learning principles to the treatment of post-trauma reactions","volume":"1008","author":"Rothbaum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011160800958","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims: Autonomic habituation to auditory stimuli","volume":"14","author":"Rothbaum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04982.x","article-title":"Sex hormones and mood in the perimenopause","volume":"1179","author":"Schmidt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.56.2.212","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder among African Americans in an inner city mental health clinic","volume":"56","author":"Schwartz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.56.2.212","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder among African Americans in an inner city mental health clinic","volume":"56","author":"Schwartz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2012.01450.x","article-title":"Instructed extinction differentially affects the emotional and cognitive expression of associative fear memory","volume":"49","author":"Sevenster","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00032","article-title":"Fear conditioning of SCR but not the startle reflex requires conscious discrimination of threat and safety","volume":"8","author":"Sevenster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838008324419","article-title":"Military sexual trauma: A review of prevalence and associated health consequences in veterans","volume":"9","author":"Suris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence, & Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.6.959","article-title":"Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative review of 25 years of research","volume":"132","author":"Tolin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.11.014","article-title":"From pavlov to PTSD: The extinction of conditioned fear in rodents, humans, and anxiety disorders","volume":"113","author":"VanElzakker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib72","series-title":"Veterans health administration","article-title":"Military sexual trauma","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.10.014","article-title":"Human fear extinction and return of fear using reconsolidation update mechanisms: The contribution of on-line expectancy ratings","volume":"113","author":"Warren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib74","author":"Weathers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2014.10.001","article-title":"Low levels of estradiol are associated with elevated conditioned responding during fear extinction and with intrusive memories in daily life","volume":"116","author":"Wegerer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016683459","article-title":"The prevalence of military sexual trauma: A meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib77","series-title":"Fear extinction: From basic neuroscience to clinical implications","first-page":"59","article-title":"Understanding human fear extinction: Insights from psychophysiology","author":"Woodford","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib78","first-page":"62","article-title":"Anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders: How are they related to premenstrual disorders?","volume":"58","author":"Yonkers","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.08.014","article-title":"The clinical applications and practical relevance of human conditioning paradigms for posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"88","author":"Zuj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Progress In Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.014","article-title":"The centrality of fear extinction in linking risk factors to PTSD: A narrative review","volume":"69","author":"Zuj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"}],"container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796725001251?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796725001251?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T14:00:41Z","timestamp":1762092041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005796725001251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["S0005796725001251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Female veterans with military sexual trauma history and posttraumatic stress disorder display impaired fear extinction learning","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2025.104803","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104803"}}