{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:18:57Z","timestamp":1790806737438,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,15]],"date-time":"2027-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1802649600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":320,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK096606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK096606"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T16:35:35Z","timestamp":1770914135000},"page":"104977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Emotion regulation variability and chronic pain: An ecological momentary assessment study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"199","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0755-8659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Zvolensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel V.","family":"Aaron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Lackner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jafar","family":"Bakhshaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James I.","family":"Gerhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000678","article-title":"Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor underlying co-occurring chronic pain and problematic opioid use","volume":"75","author":"Aaron","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2022.12.002","article-title":"Determining profiles of pain-specific and general emotion regulation skills and their relation to 12-Month outcomes among people with chronic pain","volume":"24","author":"Aaron","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.12.008","article-title":"The longitudinal relationship between emotion regulation and pain-related outcomes: Results from a large, online prospective study","volume":"23","author":"Aaron","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691612459518","article-title":"The future of emotion regulation research: Capturing context","volume":"8","author":"Aldao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.04.004","article-title":"The influence of context on the implementation of adaptive emotion regulation strategies","volume":"50","author":"Aldao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023598","article-title":"When are adaptive strategies Most predictive of psychopathology?","volume":"121","author":"Aldao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.004","article-title":"Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review","volume":"30","author":"Aldao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-014-9662-4","article-title":"Emotion regulation flexibility","volume":"39","author":"Aldao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002479","article-title":"Intraindividual pain variability and phenotypes of pain in sickle cell disease: A secondary analysis from the pain in sickle cell epidemiology study","volume":"163","author":"Bakshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003544","article-title":"Interpersonal dyadic influences on transitions between pain states: A narrative review and synthesis","volume":"166","author":"Birkinshaw","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000566","article-title":"Mix it to fix it: Emotion regulation variability in daily life","volume":"20","author":"Blanke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.1942642","article-title":"The resilience paradox","volume":"12","author":"Bonanno","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691613504116","article-title":"Regulatory flexibility:an individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation","volume":"8","author":"Bonanno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-023-00233-5","article-title":"Resilience to potential trauma and adversity through regulatory flexibility","volume":"2","author":"Bonanno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2004.00705.x","article-title":"The importance of being flexible: The ability to both enhance and suppress emotional expression predicts long-term adjustment","volume":"15","author":"Bonanno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.23071","article-title":"The three axioms of resilience","volume":"37","author":"Bonanno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000626","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain is effective, but for whom?","volume":"157","author":"Broderick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199814","article-title":"Psychological, cognitive factors and contextual influences in pain and pain-related suffering as revealed by a combined qualitative and quantitative assessment approach","volume":"13","author":"Bustan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-024-00215-3","article-title":"Emotion regulation flexibility and momentary affect in two cultures","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib20","article-title":"Evaluating and optimizing just-in-time adaptive interventions in a digital mental health intervention (Wysa for chronic pain) for middle-aged and older adults with chronic pain: Protocol for a series of randomized trials","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Research Protocols"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.19.2.146","article-title":"Perceptual style and behavioral pattern of individuals with functional gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-019-01322-1","article-title":"MixWILD: A program for examining the effects of variance and slope of time-varying variables in intensive longitudinal data","volume":"52","author":"Dzubur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib22","series-title":"Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies","first-page":"211","article-title":"Problem-solving therapies","author":"D'Zurilla","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.06.011","article-title":"Emotion regulation in context: Examining the spontaneous use of strategies across emotional intensity and type of emotion","volume":"86","author":"Dixon-Gordon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.125","article-title":"Emotion regulation and borderline personality features in daily life: The role of social context","volume":"282","author":"Dixon-Gordon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2023.102542","article-title":"Investigating the day-level associations between affective variability and physical activity using ecological momentary assessment","volume":"70","author":"Do","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.09.018","article-title":"Unpacking the burden: Understanding the relationships between chronic pain and comorbidity in the general population","volume":"153","author":"Dominick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-024-00348-3","article-title":"Flexibility and stability can be both dependent and independent","volume":"3","author":"Dreisbach","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/15291006211008157","article-title":"Psychological interventions for the treatment of chronic pain in adults","volume":"22","author":"Driscoll","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychological Science in the Public Interest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02879899","article-title":"Adjustment to chronic pain: The role of pain acceptance, coping strategies, and pain-related cognitions","volume":"33","author":"Esteve","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000775","article-title":"Individual differences in pain: Understanding the mosaic that makes pain personal","volume":"158","author":"Fillingim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01187.x","article-title":"Long-term consequences of chronic pain: Mounting evidence for pain as a neurological disease and parallels with other chronic disease states","volume":"12","author":"Fine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1037\/h0045276","article-title":"Intra-individual response variability","volume":"52","author":"Fiske","year":"1955","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12362","article-title":"Responding to social cues: An experimental paradigm exploring the link between context sensitivity and pain","volume":"24","author":"Flink","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal of Health Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(88)90395-4","article-title":"The relationship between coping and emotion: Implications for theory and research","volume":"26","author":"Folkman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.4.581","article-title":"The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directions","volume":"133","author":"Gatchel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001102","article-title":"Variability in negative emotions among individuals with chronic low back pain: Relationships with pain and function","volume":"159","author":"Gerhart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2020.1841766","article-title":"The role of emotion covariation and psychological flexibility in coping with chronic physical pain: An integrative model","volume":"36","author":"Goldbart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychology and Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1047840X.2014.940781","article-title":"Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects","volume":"26","author":"Gross","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Inquiry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000126","article-title":"The effects of emotion regulation strategies on the pain experience: A structured laboratory investigation","volume":"156","author":"Hampton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-019-0792-7","article-title":"A systematic review of just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) to promote physical activity","volume":"16","author":"Hardeman","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2007.00924.x","article-title":"An application of a mixed-effects location scale model for analysis of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data","volume":"64","author":"Hedeker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib85","series-title":"Multilevel modeling methods with introductory and advanced applications","first-page":"421","author":"Hedeker","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.26.1.1","article-title":"Meta-analysis of psychological interventions for chronic low back pain","volume":"26","author":"Hoffman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(91)90216-K","article-title":"Coping with chronic pain: A critical review of the literature","volume":"47","author":"Jensen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2022-0107","article-title":"Pain acceptance and psychological inflexibility predict pain interference outcomes for persons with chronic pain receiving pain psychology","volume":"23","author":"Karayannis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.2019.1708250","article-title":"Effects of coping flexibility in young women on depressive symptoms during chronic pain","volume":"47","author":"Kato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behavioral Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding emotion regulation flexibility and variability in daily life: Findings from a treatment-seeking sample","author":"Kaur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8652034","article-title":"A practical guide to analyzing time-varying associations between physical activity and affect using multilevel modeling","volume":"2018","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.02.002","article-title":"The role of emotion regulation in chronic pain: A systematic literature review","volume":"107","author":"Koechlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-016-9750-x","article-title":"The \u201cself\u201d in pain: The role of psychological inflexibility in chronic pain adjustment","volume":"39","author":"Kwok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003186","article-title":"Innovative cognitive behavioral therapies for irritable bowel syndrome: Processes, predictors, platforms, and outcomes","volume":"165","author":"Lackner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104033","article-title":"Cognitive flexibility improves in cognitive behavioral therapy for irritable bowel syndrome but not nonspecific education\/support","volume":"154","author":"Lackner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.10.033","article-title":"Factors associated with efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy vs education for patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Lackner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzy027","article-title":"Understanding the etiology of chronic pain from a psychological perspective","volume":"98","author":"Linton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.71.1.118","article-title":"Coping skills and treatment outcomes in cognitive-behavioral and interactional group therapy for alcoholism","volume":"71","author":"Litt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000654","article-title":"Psychological therapy for centralized pain: An integrative assessment and treatment model","volume":"81","author":"Lumley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.11.004","article-title":"The effectiveness of interventions for improving chronic pain symptoms among people with mental illness: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.01.006","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment methodology in chronic pain research: A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"May","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00202-1","article-title":"Coping or acceptance: What to do about chronic pain?","volume":"105","author":"McCracken","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-018-9913-x","article-title":"The moderating effect of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies on reappraisal: A daily diary study","volume":"42","author":"McMahon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.10.025","article-title":"Getting a handle on process and change in CBT for chronic pain","volume":"127","author":"Morley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001626","article-title":"Investigating intraindividual pain variability: Methods, applications, issues, and directions","volume":"160","author":"Mun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.13563","article-title":"Estimated rates of incident and persistent chronic pain among US adults, 2019-2020","volume":"6","author":"Nahin","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-016-9830-8","article-title":"Just-in-Time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) in Mobile health: Key components and design principles for ongoing health behavior support","volume":"52","author":"Nahum-Shani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-023-00237-1","article-title":"From emotion regulation to emotion regulation flexibility","volume":"2","author":"Nardelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.37","article-title":"Coping flexibility, GI symptoms, and functional GI disorders: How translational behavioral medicine research can inform GI practice","volume":"6","author":"Radziwon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.37","article-title":"Coping flexibility, GI symptoms, and functional GI disorders: How translational behavioral medicine research can inform GI practice","volume":"6","author":"Radziwon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7215a1","article-title":"Chronic pain among adults - United States, 2019-2021","volume":"72","author":"Rikard","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000001206","article-title":"Momentary emotion regulation strategies and pain experience among adults with chronic pain: An ecological momentary assessment study","volume":"40","author":"Rogers","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-1943-8","article-title":"Clinical relevance of contextual factors as triggers of placebo and nocebo effects in musculoskeletal pain","volume":"19","author":"Rossettini","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111208","article-title":"Improvements in pain coping predict treatment success among patients with chronic primary pain","volume":"168","author":"Scheidegger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of psychosomatic research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2020.10.002","article-title":"II. Indices of pain intensity derived from ecological momentary assessments and their relationships with patient functioning: An individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Schneider","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2024-105602","article-title":"Recognizing pain phenotypes: Biopsychosocial sources of variability in the transition to chronic postsurgical pain","volume":"50","author":"Schreiber","year":"2025","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030831","article-title":"Emotion regulation choice: A conceptual framework and supporting evidence","volume":"143","author":"Sheppes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-022-00430-8","article-title":"Impact of contextual factors on patient outcomes following conservative low back pain treatment: Systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Sherriff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chiropractic & Manual Therapies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49761-3","article-title":"A systematic review and network meta-analysis of pharmaceutical interventions used to manage chronic pain","volume":"14","author":"Shetty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016869","article-title":"Clinical assessment of affective instability: Comparing EMA indices, questionnaire reports, and retrospective recall","volume":"21","author":"Solhan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2020.08.003","article-title":"I. Indices of pain intensity derived from ecological momentary assessments: Rationale and stakeholder preferences","volume":"22","author":"Stone","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"10491","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00404-0","article-title":"Opportunities for chronic pain self-management: Core psychological principles and neurobiological underpinnings","volume":"405","author":"Vase","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90154-4","article-title":"Grading the severity of chronic pain","volume":"50","author":"Von Korff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215520968251","article-title":"Effectiveness of pain coping skills training on pain, physical function, and psychological outcomes in patients with osteoarthritis: a systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab119","article-title":"An examination of day-to-day and intraindividual pain variability in low back pain","volume":"22","author":"Wesolowicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001627","article-title":"Indices of pain variability: A paradigm shift","volume":"160","author":"Winger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.01.498","article-title":"The role of coping flexibility in chronic pain adjustment: Preliminary analysis","volume":"33","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977_bib82","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparing indices of emotion regulation variability across culturally diverse samples: Associations with negative affect","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"}],"container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000579672600029X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000579672600029X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T20:00:51Z","timestamp":1777406451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000579672600029X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["S000579672600029X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Emotion regulation variability and chronic pain: An ecological momentary assessment study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2026.104977","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104977"}}