{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:13:26Z","timestamp":1790108006639,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102176\/B\/13\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102176\/B\/13\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/W02389X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/W02389X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T02:18:49Z","timestamp":1778552329000},"page":"105072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A mechanistic approach to developing effective, acceptable, and accessible psychological therapies for young people and emerging adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2756-3770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor","family":"Leigh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicity","family":"Waite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/bec.2021.11","article-title":"A single-session combined cognitive bias modification training targeting attention and interpretation biases in aggression","volume":"39","author":"AlMoghrabi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behaviour Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-017-0605-9","article-title":"A guide to using the theoretical domains framework of behaviour change to investigate implementation problems","volume":"12","author":"Atkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Implementation Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000865","article-title":"Changes in positive and negative affect in psychotherapy for depression and anxiety","volume":"92","author":"Barnes-Horowitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.08.008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the influence of age on symptom change following cognitive-behavioural treatment for anxiety disorders","volume":"68","author":"Barry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/56235","article-title":"Virtual reality exposure therapy for reducing school anxiety in adolescents: Pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Beele","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Mental Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby180","article-title":"Adolescent paranoia: Prevalence, structure, and causal mechanisms","volume":"45","author":"Bird","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.03.046","article-title":"The assessment of paranoia in young people: Item and test properties of the bird checklist of adolescent paranoia","volume":"220","author":"Bird","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2353","article-title":"The social brain in adolescence","volume":"9","author":"Blakemore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00149","article-title":"Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer","volume":"6","author":"Boateng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608","article-title":"Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology","volume":"9","author":"Borsboom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/53394","article-title":"Co-Designing a digital app to support young people's patient and public involvement and engagement (VoiceIn): Development and usability study","volume":"11","author":"Branitsky","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Hum Factors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/qhw.v9.26152","article-title":"What can \u201cthematic analysis\u201d offer health and wellbeing researchers?","volume":"9","author":"Braun","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metip.2024.100155","article-title":"How do you solve a problem like COREQ? A critique of Tong et al.\u2019s (2007) Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research","volume":"11","author":"Braun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Methods in Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2024.2382244","article-title":"Reporting guidelines for qualitative research: A values-based approach","volume":"22","author":"Braun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib15","series-title":"Measuring environment across the life span: Emerging methods and concepts","first-page":"3","article-title":"Environments in developmental perspective: Theoretical and operational models","author":"Bronfenbrenner","year":"1999"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000471","article-title":"Reporting standards for psychological network analyses in cross-sectional data","volume":"28","author":"Burger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib17","series-title":"Culture and reflexivity in systemic psychotherapy: Mutual perspectives","first-page":"139","article-title":"Developments in social GRRRAAACCEEESSS: Visible-invisible and voiced-unvoiced","author":"Burnham","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib18","series-title":"Cognitive therapy and research","article-title":"Characterising negative mental imagery in adolescent social anxiety","author":"Chiu","year":"2022"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.05.002","article-title":"Developing new treatments: On the interplay between theories, experimental science and clinical innovation","volume":"42","author":"Clark","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2023.104364","article-title":"Measuring the active elements of cognitive-behavioral therapies","volume":"167","author":"Cohen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-024-00355-4","article-title":"Positive affect and reward processing in the treatment of depression, anxiety and trauma","volume":"3","author":"Craske","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1192\/bjpo.bp.117.004721","article-title":"Predicting early transition from sub-syndromal presentations to major mental disorders","volume":"3","author":"Cross","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20346","article-title":"How effective are cognitive behavior therapies for major depression and anxiety disorders? A meta-analytic update of the evidence","volume":"15","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50","article-title":"Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: A consolidated framework for advancing implementation science","volume":"4","author":"Damschroder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Implementation Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0001505","article-title":"Within-person associations between emotion regulation and negative affect in adolescents' daily life","volume":"25","author":"Debra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-335","article-title":"The recording of adverse events from psychological treatments in clinical trials: Evidence from a review of NIHR-Funded trials","volume":"15","author":"Duggan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.03.006","article-title":"Cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Development and evaluation","volume":"43","author":"Ehlers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2021.103931","article-title":"Safety behaviours in social anxiety: An examination across adolescence","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.04.003","article-title":"The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in depression","volume":"32","author":"Everaert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-025-02134-4","article-title":"Social media use in adolescents with and without mental health conditions","author":"Fassi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.08.012","article-title":"Improving cognitive treatments for delusions","volume":"132","author":"Freeman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2024.5","article-title":"Developing psychological treatments for psychosis","volume":"224","author":"Freeman","year":"2024","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00158-9","article-title":"Comparison of a theoretically driven cognitive therapy (the Feeling Safe Programme) with befriending for the treatment of persistent persecutory delusions: A parallel, single-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Freeman","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465823000553","article-title":"Automated VR therapy for improving positive self-beliefs and psychological well-being in young patients with psychosis: A proof of concept evaluation of phoenix VR self-confidence therapy","volume":"52","author":"Freeman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-025-10136-y","article-title":"Instant messaging communication in social anxiety: No support for the combined cognitive bias hypothesis (CCBH)","author":"Goldman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Motivation and Emotion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0887-378X.2004.00325.x","article-title":"Diffusion of innovations in service organizations: Systematic review and recommendations","volume":"82","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Milbank Quarterly"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.6.1464","article-title":"Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test","volume":"74","author":"Greenwald","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1080\/13632752.2021.1948742","article-title":"The experience of panic attacks in adolescents: An interpretative phenomenological analysis study","volume":"26","author":"Hewitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.02.001","article-title":"Imagery and interpretations in social phobia: Support for the combined cognitive biases hypothesis","volume":"37","author":"Hirsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002723","article-title":"Blinding and sham control methods in trials of physical, psychological, and self-management interventions for pain (article I): A systematic review and description of methods","volume":"164","author":"Hohenschurz-Schmidt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib41","article-title":"CONSORT 2025 statement: Updated guideline for reporting randomised trials","volume":"389","author":"Hopewell","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s41811-024-00202-7","article-title":"Targeting anhedonia in adolescents: A single case series of a positive imagery-based early intervention","volume":"17","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Cognitive Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4238","article-title":"Computational psychiatry as a bridge from neuroscience to clinical applications","volume":"19","author":"Huys","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2134-3","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral treatment for depressed adolescents: Results from a cluster randomized controlled trial of a group course","volume":"19","author":"Idsoe","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20310-5","article-title":"Insomnia symptoms in children and adolescents: Screening for sleep problems with the two-item sleep condition indicator (SCI-02)","volume":"24","author":"Illingworth","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09091379","article-title":"Research domain criteria (RDoC): Toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders","volume":"167","author":"Insel","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2360","article-title":"Clinical stage transitions in persons aged 12 to 25 years presenting to early intervention mental health services with anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders","volume":"76","author":"Iorfino","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.13081","article-title":"Picturing self-harm: Investigating flash-forward mental imagery as a proximal and modifiable driver of non-suicidal self-injury","volume":"54","author":"Ji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.03.019","article-title":"Gender differences in rumination: A meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2022.01.004","article-title":"Testing a combined cognitive bias hypothesis of pain and pain-related worry in young people","volume":"23","author":"Kavallari","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708004467","article-title":"Interventionist causal models in psychiatry: Repositioning the mind\u2013body problem","volume":"39","author":"Kendler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2023.2286992","article-title":"Adverse events in psychotherapy randomized controlled trials: A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Klatte","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychotherapy Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2017.12.002","article-title":"Single-case experimental designs to assess intervention effectiveness in rehabilitation: A practical guide","volume":"61","author":"Krasny-Pacini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjment-2024-301381","article-title":"A qualitative study exploring the feasibility and acceptability of computerised adaptive testing to assess and monitor children and young people's mental health in primary care settings in the UK","volume":"28","author":"Lan","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Ment Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j..2002.384.doc.x","article-title":"Design and analysis of pilot studies: Recommendations for good practice","volume":"10","author":"Lancaster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S464","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001555","article-title":"Comparing trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy to commonly used treatments in usual care for children with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-024-00509-z","article-title":"Understanding mechanisms that maintain social anxiety disorder in autistic individuals through the clark and Wells (1995) model and beyond: A systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230826","article-title":"The effects of modifying mental imagery in adolescent social anxiety","volume":"15","author":"Leigh","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2025.102020","article-title":"Examining two of the ingredients of cognitive therapy for adolescent social anxiety disorder: Back-translation from a treatment trial","volume":"88","author":"Leigh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12661","article-title":"Review: Adverse event monitoring and reporting in studies of pediatric psychosocial interventions: A systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Lodewyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732318785358","article-title":"Appraising qualitative research for evidence syntheses: A compendium of quality appraisal tools","volume":"28","author":"Majid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00040-3","article-title":"The <em>Lancet psychiatry<\/em> commission: Transforming mental health implementation research","volume":"11","author":"McGinty","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20938","article-title":"Designing and scaling up integrated youth mental health care","volume":"21","author":"McGorry","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004953","article-title":"The computational development of reinforcement learning during adolescence","volume":"12","author":"Palminteri","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.09.002","article-title":"Puberty initiates cascading relationships between neurodevelopmental, social, and internalizing processes across adolescence","volume":"89","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.05.015","article-title":"Family intervention for adolescents with suicidal behavior: A randomized controlled trial and mediation analysis","volume":"52","author":"Pineda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2015.1127215","article-title":"A review of cognitive biases in youth depression: Attention, interpretation and memory","volume":"31","author":"Platt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.022","article-title":"Clinical trajectories in the ultra-high risk for psychosis population","volume":"197","author":"Polari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00377-7","article-title":"From participants to partners: Reconceptualising authentic patient engagement roles in youth mental health research","volume":"10","author":"Prebeg","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-010-0319-7","article-title":"Outcomes for implementation research: Conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda","volume":"38","author":"Proctor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.007","article-title":"Quality of qualitative research in the health sciences: Analysis of the common criteria present in 58 assessment guidelines by expert users","volume":"148","author":"Santiago-Delefosse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(25)00207-X","article-title":"Effectiveness of psychological interventions for young adults versus working age adults: A retrospective cohort study in a national psychological treatment programme in England","volume":"12","author":"Saunders","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.02.012","article-title":"Has the prevalence of child and adolescent mental disorders in Australia changed between 1998 and 2013 to 2014?","volume":"57","author":"Sawyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2019.1683852","article-title":"Future directions in single-session youth mental health interventions","volume":"49","author":"Schleider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081423-025033","article-title":"Single-session interventions for mental health problems and service engagement: Umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"21","author":"Schleider","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579419000099","article-title":"Age-related differences in affective control and its association with mental health difficulties","volume":"32","author":"Schweizer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20745","article-title":"Transdiagnostic clinical staging in youth mental health: A first international consensus statement","volume":"19","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091415","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment","volume":"4","author":"Shiffman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.10.005","article-title":"Stress and adolescence: Vulnerability and opportunity during a sensitive window of development","volume":"44","author":"Sisk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib82","article-title":"A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: Update of medical research council guidance","volume":"374","author":"Skivington","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-026-00633-5","article-title":"Youth social anxiety in the digital age: Reconceptualising cognitive-behavioural processes","author":"Skjerdingstad","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature Mental Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029312","article-title":"Single-case experimental designs: A systematic review of published research and current standards","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7","article-title":"Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: Large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies","volume":"27","author":"Solmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib86","article-title":"GRIPP2 reporting checklists: Tools to improve reporting of patient and public involvement in research","volume":"358","author":"Staniszewska","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1494261","article-title":"Psychological, psychiatric, and behavioral sciences measurement scales: Best practice guidelines for their development and validation","volume":"15","author":"Stefana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(92)90007-6","article-title":"Assessing treatment acceptance: The abbreviated acceptability rating profile","volume":"23","author":"Tarnowski","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Behaviour Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.2016.96.7.e1","article-title":"The single-case reporting guideline in BEhavioural interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 statement","volume":"96","author":"Tate","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2013.824383","article-title":"Revision of a method quality rating scale for single-case experimental designs and n-of-1 trials: The 15-item risk of bias in N-of-1 trials (RoBiNT) scale","volume":"23","author":"Tate","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychological Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups","volume":"19","author":"Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal for Quality in Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2025.2450425","article-title":"The social media scale for depression in adolescence","volume":"30","author":"Twivy","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Adolescence and Youth"},{"issue":"000","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib93","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sleep disruption and its psychological treatment in young people at risk of psychosis: A peer methods qualitative evaluation","author":"Waite","year":"2025","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.11.014","article-title":"Sleep and schizophrenia: From epiphenomenon to treatable causal target","volume":"221","author":"Waite","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-019-01364-y","article-title":"Understanding anhedonia: A qualitative study exploring loss of interest and pleasure in adolescent depression","volume":"29","author":"Watson","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1037\/a0040360","article-title":"What five decades of research tells us about the effects of youth psychological therapy: A multilevel meta-analysis and implications for science and practice","volume":"72","author":"Weisz","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Psychologist"}],"container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796726001257?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796726001257?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:50:29Z","timestamp":1790106629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005796726001257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":95,"alternative-id":["S0005796726001257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A mechanistic approach to developing effective, acceptable, and accessible psychological therapies for young people and emerging adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105072","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105072"}}