{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:50:45Z","timestamp":1791323445814,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIPROM\/2021\/041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIPROM\/2021\/041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1202119N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1202119N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1202122N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1202122N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:34:43Z","timestamp":1788849283000},"page":"105149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["From dampening to rigidity: How responses to positive emotion shape interpretations of ambiguous social situations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"205","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7084-8881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Everaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Folgado-Alufre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3817-874X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. Samuel","family":"Winer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Bronstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153734","article-title":"Advances in cognitive theory and therapy: The generic cognitive model","volume":"10","author":"Beck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib2","series-title":"Manual for the beck depression Inventory-II","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.01.007","article-title":"Measuring bias against disconfirmatory evidence: An evaluation of BADE task scoring methods and the case for a novel method","volume":"261","author":"Bronstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23688","article-title":"Biased and inflexible interpretations of ambiguous social situations: Associations with eating disorder symptoms and socioemotional functioning","author":"Bronstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2022.101830","article-title":"Individuals fearing positivity do not perceive positive affect treatments as strong fits: A novel experimental finding and replication","volume":"79","author":"Bryant","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.01.010","article-title":"Turning lemonade into lemons: Dampening appraisals reduce positive affect and increase negative affect during positive activity scheduling","volume":"91","author":"Burr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2024.104646","article-title":"Augmented depression therapy for young adults: A mixed methods randomised multiple baseline case series evaluation","volume":"183","author":"Carson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib8","author":"Champely"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.121","article-title":"Interpretation bias in social anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"276","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0001200","article-title":"Development, validation, and comparison of self-report measures for positive and negative affect in intensive longitudinal research","volume":"35","author":"Cloos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-024-00355-4","article-title":"Positive affect and reward processing in the treatment of depression, anxiety and trauma","volume":"3","author":"Craske","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2023.100589","article-title":"Fear of happiness and its predictive effect on depressive symptoms in depressed inpatients versus healthy controls","volume":"13","author":"De Vuyst","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2023.42.1.29","article-title":"Social interpretation inflexibility and functioning: Associations with symptoms and stress","volume":"42","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2022.111548","article-title":"Developing a novel assessment of interpretation flexibility: Reliability, validity, and clinical implications","volume":"190","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.05.003","article-title":"Turning gold into lead: Dampening appraisals reduce happiness and pleasantness and increase sadness during anticipation and recall of pleasant activities in the laboratory","volume":"107","author":"Dunn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702617747968","article-title":"Looking through tinted glasses: Depression and social anxiety are related to both interpretation biases and inflexible negative interpretations","volume":"6","author":"Everaert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702621993867","article-title":"Inflexible interpretations: A novel predictor of suicidal ideation and the beliefs that inspire it","volume":"9","author":"Everaert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.103510","article-title":"When negative interpretations persist, positive emotions don't! inflexible negative interpretations encourage depression and social anxiety by dampening positive emotions","volume":"124","author":"Everaert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.09.005","article-title":"A comprehensive meta-analysis of interpretation biases in depression","volume":"58","author":"Everaert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-006-9083-0","article-title":"Responses to positive affect: A self-report measure of rumination and dampening","volume":"32","author":"Feldman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30130-9","article-title":"Efficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions in anxiety and depressive disorders: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Fodor","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702618772296","article-title":"The future of intervention science: Process-based therapy","volume":"7","author":"Hofmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib23","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2012.11.011","article-title":"The influence of fear of happiness beliefs on responses to the satisfaction with life scale","volume":"54","author":"Joshanloo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.03.027","article-title":"How to modify persisting negative expectations in major depression? An experimental study comparing three strategies to inhibit cognitive immunization against novel positive experiences","volume":"250","author":"Kube","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718002106","article-title":"Why dysfunctional expectations in depression persist \u2013 Results from two experimental studies investigating cognitive immunization","volume":"49","author":"Kube","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib27","article-title":"Millisecond software","year":"2025","journal-title":"Millisecond Software"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3282f0b8ed","article-title":"Metacognitive training in schizophrenia: From basic research to knowledge translation and intervention","volume":"20","author":"Moritz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185631","article-title":"Social anxiety and social anxiety disorder","volume":"9","author":"Morrison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib30","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.5334\/pb-49-4-293","article-title":"A psychometric evaluation of the Dutch version of the responses to positive affect questionnaire","volume":"49","author":"Raes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychological Belgica"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000397","article-title":"Impaired integration of disambiguating evidence in delusional schizophrenia patients","volume":"44","author":"Sanford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib34","series-title":"Harcourt test publishers","article-title":"BDI-II-NL. Handleiding. De Nederlandse Versie van de Beck Depression Inventory","author":"van der Does","year":"2002"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000944","article-title":"Positive emotion in daily life: Emotion regulation and depression","volume":"22","author":"Vanderlind","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2024.112920","article-title":"Social interpretation bias and inflexibility: Mapping indirect pathways from pathological personality traits to symptom clusters of anxiety and depression","volume":"233","author":"Vernimmen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-024-10557-y","article-title":"Navigating the social world: The interplay between cognitive and socio-affective processes in depression and social anxiety","volume":"49","author":"Vos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2025.102552","article-title":"Do cognitive biases prospectively predict anxiety and depression? A multi-level meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"116","author":"Vos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000022","article-title":"Reward devaluation: Dot-probe meta-analytic evidence of avoidance of positive information in depressed persons","volume":"142","author":"Winer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u00fcrtz, F., Kunna, M., Lindgraf, C., Abado, E., Amanvermez, Y., Blackwell, S. E., Margraf, J., Everaert, J., & Woud, M. L. . Interpretation biases in anxiety \u2013 A three-level meta-analysis. Clinical Psychological Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/7zkvr_v2.","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/7zkvr_v2"}],"container-title":["Behaviour Research and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796726002020?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005796726002020?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:06:57Z","timestamp":1791320817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005796726002020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0005796726002020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7967","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"From dampening to rigidity: How responses to positive emotion shape interpretations of ambiguous social situations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105149","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105149"}}