{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:56:36Z","timestamp":1791143796583,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T04:10:59Z","timestamp":1235880659000},"page":"152-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Repetitive stimulation of premotor cortex affects primary motor cortex excitability and movement preparation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Cathy M.","family":"Stinear","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Alan","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Coxon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toby S.","family":"Verryt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratima P.","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winston D.","family":"Byblow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858405284255","article-title":"The primary motor and premotor areas of the human cerebral cortex","volume":"12","author":"Chouinard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2007.02.003","article-title":"Distinctions between dorsal and ventral premotor areas: anatomical connectivity and functional properties","volume":"17","author":"Hoshi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02807.x","article-title":"Callosal connections transcranial magnetic stimulation of dorso-lateral premotor cortex","volume":"18","author":"Marconi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3902-04.2005","article-title":"Frontal lobe inputs to the digit representations of the motor areas on the lateral surface of the hemisphere","volume":"25","author":"Dum","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1155\/2006\/287276","article-title":"Rapid modulation of distributed brain activity by of human motor cortex","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.06.712","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the effects of rTMS on motor cortical excitability and inhibition","volume":"117","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.12.033","article-title":"Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex","volume":"45","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.10.014","article-title":"Exploring theta burst stimulation as an intervention to improve motor recovery in chronic stroke","volume":"118","author":"Talelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm087","article-title":"Effect of physiological activity on an NMDA-dependent form of cortical plasticity in human","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm239","article-title":"Depression of human corticospinal excitability induced by magnetic theta-burst stimulation: evidence of rapid polarity-reversing metaplasticity","volume":"18","author":"Gentner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90521.2008","article-title":"Phasic voluntary movements reverse the aftereffects of subsequent theta-burst stimulation in humans","volume":"100","author":"Iezzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.08.008","article-title":"Theta burst stimulation does not reliably depress all regions of the human motor cortex","volume":"117","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.05.027","article-title":"BOLD MRI responses to repetitive TMS over human dorsal premotor cortex","volume":"28","author":"Bestmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2710","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg282","article-title":"Patients with focal arm dystonia have increased sensitivity to slow-frequency repetitive TMS of the dorsal premotor cortex","volume":"126","author":"Siebner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.04.021","article-title":"Functionally specific reorganization in human premotor cortex","volume":"54","author":"O'Shea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01105.2002","article-title":"Modulating neural networks with transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the dorsal premotor and primary motor cortices","volume":"90","author":"Chouinard","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm159","article-title":"Dorsal premotor cortex exerts state-dependent causal influences on activity in contralateral primary motor and dorsal premotor cortex","volume":"18","author":"Bestmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.048777","article-title":"Shaping the excitability of human motor cortex with premotor rTMS","volume":"554","author":"Rizzo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00753.2007","article-title":"Preconditioning rTMS of premotor cortex can reduce but not enhance short-term facilitation of primary motor cortex","volume":"99","author":"Suppa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.449","article-title":"Decreased corticospinal excitability after subthreshold 1 Hz rTMS over lateral premotor cortex","volume":"57","author":"Gerschlager","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00310-0","article-title":"Repeated premotor rTMS leads to cumulative plastic changes of motor cortex excitability in humans","volume":"20","author":"Baumer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-02-00554.2002","article-title":"Functional connectivity of human premotor and motor cortex explored with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"22","author":"Munchau","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4649-04.2005","article-title":"Role of the primary motor and dorsal premotor cortices in the anticipation of forces during object lifting","volume":"25","author":"Chouinard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-0047-5","article-title":"The role of dorsal premotor area in reaction task: comparing the \u201cvirtual lesion\u201d effect of paired pulse or theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"167","author":"Mochizuki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.123562","article-title":"Interactions between pairs of transcranial magnetic stimuli over the human left dorsal premotor cortex differ from those seen in primary motor cortex","volume":"578","author":"Koch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.11.037","article-title":"Theta-burst stimulation: remote physiological and local behavioral after-effects","volume":"40","author":"Stefan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","article-title":"The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory","volume":"9","author":"Oldfield","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0746","article-title":"Modeling geometric deformations in EPI time series","volume":"13","author":"Andersson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.12.034","article-title":"A new SPM toolbox for combining probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps and functional imaging data","volume":"25","author":"Eickhoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1162\/089892904323057344","article-title":"Motor sequence complexity and performing hand produce differential patterns of hemispheric lateralization","volume":"16","author":"Haaland","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00373-5","article-title":"Motor imagery of phasic thumb abduction temporally and spatially modulates corticospinal excitability","volume":"114","author":"Stinear","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-1851-z","article-title":"Modulation of corticospinal excitability and intracortical inhibition during motor imagery is task-dependent","volume":"157","author":"Stinear","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.104901","article-title":"Magnetic stimulation of human premotor or motor cortex produces interhemispheric facilitation through distinct pathways","volume":"572","author":"Baumer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7452","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1158-06.2006","article-title":"Time course of functional connectivity between dorsal premotor and contralateral motor cortex during movement selection","volume":"26","author":"Koch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(94)90029-9","article-title":"Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application: report of an IFCN committee","volume":"91","author":"Rossini","year":"1994","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(01)00468-X","article-title":"Reliability of the input-output properties of the cortico-spinal pathway obtained from transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation","volume":"112","author":"Carroll","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005641","article-title":"Input-output properties and gain changes in the human corticospinal pathway","volume":"114","author":"Devanne","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/77.3.663","article-title":"A sequentially rejective test procedure based on a modified Bonferroni inequality","volume":"77","author":"Rom","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.087288","article-title":"Theta-burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation suppresses specific excitatory circuits in the human motor cortex","volume":"565","author":"Di Lazzaro","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"Pt 18","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4481","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.159558","article-title":"Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation suppresses specific excitatory circuits in the human motor cortex","volume":"586","author":"Di Lazzaro","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0918","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation can be used to test connections to primary motor areas from frontal and medial cortex in humans","volume":"14","author":"Civardi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019243","article-title":"Interhemispheric inhibition of the human motor cortex","volume":"453","author":"Ferbert","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21881","article-title":"Altered dorsal premotor-motor interhemispheric pathway activity in focal arm dystonia","volume":"23","author":"Koch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14518","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.222536799","article-title":"The role of ipsilateral premotor cortex in hand movement after stroke","volume":"99","author":"Johansen-Berg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.5.785","article-title":"Temporary interference in human lateral premotor cortex suggests dominance for the selection of movements: a study using transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"121","author":"Schluter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00105-6","article-title":"Cerebral dominance for action in the human brain: the selection of actions","volume":"39","author":"Schluter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00118-4","article-title":"Slow frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation affects reaction times, but not priming effects, in a masked prime task","volume":"114","author":"Schlaghecken","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X09000035?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X09000035?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,18]],"date-time":"2019-05-18T06:09:16Z","timestamp":1558159756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X09000035"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X09000035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2009.01.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}}}