{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:54:59Z","timestamp":1777496099718,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,29]],"date-time":"2011-07-29T00:42:59Z","timestamp":1311900179000},"page":"402-407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The effect of propofol-remifentanil anesthesia on selected seizure quality indices in electroconvulsive therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Stephen H.","family":"Dinwiddie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Glick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morris B.","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379604100507","article-title":"The current status of seizure duration in the practice of electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"41","author":"Lalla","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.5.425","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of bilateral and right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy at different stimulus intensities","volume":"57","author":"Sackeim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.233","article-title":"A randomized trial of rTMS targeted with MRI based neuron-navigation in treatment-resistant depression","volume":"34","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(92)90249-Y","article-title":"EEG evidence of more \u201cintense\u201d seizure activity with bilateral ECT","volume":"31","author":"Krystal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(93)90064-K","article-title":"The effects of ECT stimulus dose and electrode placement on the ictal electroencephalogram: an intraindividual crossover study","volume":"34","author":"Krystal","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib6","first-page":"153","article-title":"ECT seizure therapeutic adequacy","volume":"10","author":"Krystal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Convulsive Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.7.3.295","article-title":"The ictal EEG as a marker of adequate stimulus intensity with unilateral ECT","volume":"7","author":"Krystal","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuropsychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib8","first-page":"13","article-title":"The relative ability of three ictal EEG frequency bands to differentiate ECT seizures on the basis of electrode placement, stimulus intensity, and therapeutic response","volume":"2","author":"Krystal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Convulsive Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02189117","article-title":"The ictal electroencephalogram as a marker for efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"246","author":"Folkerts","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.10.2.178","article-title":"Changes in seizure threshold over the course of electroconvulsive therapy affect therapeutic response and are detected by ictal EEG ratings","volume":"10","author":"Krystal","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib11","first-page":"338","article-title":"The development and retrospective testing of an electroencephalographic seizure quality-based stimulus dosing paradigm with ECT","volume":"16","author":"Krystal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib12","first-page":"327","article-title":"Prediction of the utility of a switch from unilateral to bilateral ECT in the elderly using treatment 2 ictal EEG indices","volume":"16","author":"Krystal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2007.01632.x","article-title":"Postictal suppression correlates with therapeutic efficacy for depression in bilateral sine and pulse wave electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"61","author":"Azuma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib14","first-page":"211","article-title":"Quantitative EEG during seizures induced by electroconvulsive therapy: relations to treatment modality and clinical features: I, global analyses","volume":"16","author":"Nobler","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib15","series-title":"The practice of electroconvulsive therapy: recommendations for treatment, training, and privileging","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib16","first-page":"213","article-title":"Ictal electroencephalographic characteristics during electroconvulsive therapy: a review of determination and clinical relevance","volume":"22","author":"Mayur","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2007.19.4.453","article-title":"Electrode placement and ictal EEG indices in electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"19","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(96)95090-7","article-title":"A comparison of EEG signal dynamics in waking, after anesthesia induction and during electroconvulsive therapy seizures","volume":"99","author":"Krystal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4694(97)00062-X","article-title":"The largest Lyapunov exponent of the EEG during ECT seizures as a measure of ECT seizure adequacy","volume":"103","author":"Krystal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib20","first-page":"27","article-title":"EEG correlates of the response to ECT: a possible antidepressant role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"15","author":"Krystal","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300377","article-title":"Seizure expression during electroconvulsive therapy: relationships with clinical outcome and cognitive side effects","volume":"29","author":"Perera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib22","first-page":"208","article-title":"Effects of general anesthetic agents in adults receiving electroconvulsive therapy: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Hooten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib23","first-page":"170","article-title":"Combination alfentanil-methohexital anesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"11","author":"Dinwiddie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Convulsive Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/79.6.801","article-title":"Effect of methohexitone and propofol with or without alfentanil on seizure duration and recovery in electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"79","author":"Nguyen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2001.045007830.x","article-title":"Effect of combined methohexitone-remifentanil anaesthsia in electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"45","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000054002.65040.B3","article-title":"The effect of remifentanil on seizure duration and acute hemodynamic responses to electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"96","author":"Recart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2003.00162.x","article-title":"Seizure duration with remifentanil\/methohexital versus methohexital alone in middle-aged patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"47","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2005.00766.x","article-title":"Effects of remifentanil and alfentanil on seizure duration, stimulus amplitudes and recovery parameters during ECT","volume":"49","author":"Akcaboy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib29","first-page":"31","article-title":"Remifentanil\/thiopental combination and seizure length in electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"25","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03017857","article-title":"Alfentanil has no proconvulsive effect during electroconvulsive therapy (letter)","volume":"50","author":"van den Broek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can J Anesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib31","first-page":"107","article-title":"Double-blind placebo controlled study of the effects of etomidate-alfentanil anesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"20","author":"van den Broek","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib32","first-page":"203","article-title":"Effects of the addition of remifentanil to propofol anesthesia on seizure length and postictal suppression index in electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"24","author":"Porter","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379604100507","article-title":"The current status of seizure duration in the practice of electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"41","author":"Lalla","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291797005564","article-title":"Relationship of seizure duration to antidepressant efficacy in electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"27","author":"Kales","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.15.1.27","article-title":"Comparison of seizure duration, ictal EEG, and cognitive effects of ketamine and methohexital anesthesia with ECT","volume":"15","author":"Krystal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008_bib36","first-page":"217","article-title":"Ketamine anesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"12","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X11000908?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X11000908?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,15]],"date-time":"2018-07-15T08:42:44Z","timestamp":1531644164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X11000908"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X11000908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2011.06.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}}}