{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:36:00Z","timestamp":1792679760380,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]],"date-time":"2014-06-04T03:01:18Z","timestamp":1401850878000},"page":"740-747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Feasibility, Safety and Efficacy of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Chronic Tinnitus: An Open Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Kreuzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Landgrebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Resch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Husser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Schecklmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Geisreiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timm B.","family":"Poeppl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Prasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goeran","family":"Hajak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Rupprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthold","family":"Langguth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(02)00170-6","article-title":"Pathophysiology of tinnitus","volume":"36","author":"Moller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib2","first-page":"125","article-title":"Psychological stress and impaired quality of life in patients with tinnitus","volume":"52","author":"Harter","year":"2004","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755146300090041","article-title":"Epidemiology of tinnitus: (1) prevalence","volume":"9","author":"Coles","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Laryngol Otol Suppl"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2011.575178","article-title":"Tinnitus and depression","volume":"12","author":"Langguth","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2011.595781","article-title":"A\u00a0review of tinnitus symptoms beyond \u2018ringing in the ears\u2019: a call to action","volume":"27","author":"Langguth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2010.03.008","article-title":"The association between tinnitus and mental health in a general population sample: results from the HUNT Study","volume":"69","author":"Krog","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)66021-X","article-title":"Tinnitus and insomnia","volume":"166","author":"Cronlein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21825","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials examining tinnitus management","volume":"121","author":"Hoare","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(02)00220-X","article-title":"Vagus-nerve stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy","volume":"1","author":"Ben-Menachem","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.09.138","article-title":"Efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of depression","volume":"10","author":"Grimm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01151.x","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"39","author":"Schachter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.17925\/ENR.2011.06.04.254","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"6","author":"Ellrich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Neurol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1515\/BMT.2008.022","article-title":"A\u00a0novel transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation leads to brainstem and cerebral activations measured by functional MRI","volume":"53","author":"Dietrich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomed Tech (Berl)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-007-0755-z","article-title":"BOLD fMRI deactivation of limbic and temporal brain structures and mood enhancing effect by transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"114","author":"Kraus","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Transm"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(03)00074-8","article-title":"A\u00a0review of functional neuroimaging studies of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)","volume":"37","author":"Chae","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.09.007","article-title":"Age effect on far field potentials from the brain stem after transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"56","author":"Fallgatter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-003-0087-6","article-title":"Far field potentials from the brain stem after transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"110","author":"Fallgatter","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Transm"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-009-0282-1","article-title":"Far field potentials from brain stem after transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation: optimization of stimulation and recording parameters","volume":"116","author":"Polak","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53497-2.00036-X","article-title":"Tinnitus: therapeutic use of superficial brain stimulation","volume":"116","author":"Langguth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.003","article-title":"Controversy: does repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation\/transcranial direct current stimulation show efficacy in treating tinnitus patients?","volume":"1","author":"Langguth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib21","first-page":"278","article-title":"Chronic tinnitus: an interdisciplinary challenge","volume":"110","author":"Kreuzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr316","article-title":"Repeatedly pairing vagus nerve stimulation with a movement reorganizes primary motor cortex","volume":"22","author":"Porter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2012.663517","article-title":"Is there a role for vagus nerve stimulation therapy as a treatment of traumatic brain injury?","volume":"26","author":"Kumaria","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2010.08.009","article-title":"The role of the vagus nerve in stroke","volume":"158","author":"Mravec","year":"2010","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/4600","article-title":"Enhanced recognition memory following vagus nerve stimulation in human subjects","volume":"2","author":"Clark","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1998.3863","article-title":"Posttraining electrical stimulation of vagal afferents with concomitant vagal efferent inactivation enhances memory storage processes in the rat","volume":"70","author":"Clark","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05888blu","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of vagus nerve stimulation for severe treatment-resistant major depression in clinical practice after FDA approval: outcomes at 1 year","volume":"72","author":"Cristancho","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib28","series-title":"Tinnitus: theory and management","first-page":"266","article-title":"Clinical trials and drug therapy for tinnitus","author":"Dobie","year":"2004"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199908000-00004","article-title":"A\u00a0review of randomized clinical trials in tinnitus","volume":"109","author":"Dobie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.12.022","article-title":"Combined temporal and prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation for tinnitus treatment: a pilot study","volume":"138","author":"Kleinjung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2011.00088","article-title":"Can temporal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation be enhanced by targeting affective components of tinnitus with frontal rTMS? A randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"5","author":"Kreuzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-012-0268-4","article-title":"Multisite rTMS for the treatment of chronic tinnitus: stimulation of the cortical tinnitus network-a pilot study","volume":"26","author":"Lehner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-6519(05)78626-X","article-title":"Physiopathological mechanisms in tinnitus generation and persistence","volume":"56","author":"Herraiz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib34","first-page":"68","article-title":"Tinnitus retraining therapy","volume":"33","author":"Jastreboff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Audiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59728","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059728","article-title":"Brain areas controlling heart rate variability in tinnitus and tinnitus-related distress","volume":"8","author":"Vanneste","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-235","article-title":"Mindfulness-and body-psychotherapy-based group treatment of chronic tinnitus: a randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Kreuzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2010.04.013","article-title":"Qigong for the treatment of tinnitus: a prospective randomized controlled study","volume":"69","author":"Biesinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100601160","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the auditory system and tinnitus control","author":"Aran","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Laryngol Otol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib39","first-page":"217","article-title":"Electrical suppression of tinnitus","volume":"85","author":"Aran","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ciba Found Symp"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948309200616","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the ear: experimental studies","volume":"92","author":"Aran","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib41","first-page":"433","article-title":"Transcutaneous electric stimulation in the treatment of tinnitus","volume":"107","author":"Cazals","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00464243","article-title":"First results of chronic electrical stimulation with a round-window electrode in totally deaf patients","volume":"239","author":"Cazals","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib43","first-page":"85","article-title":"Auditory electrical tinnitus suppression in patients with and without implants","volume":"11","author":"Daneshi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Tinnitus J"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998860953P110","article-title":"Electrical tinnitus suppression: a double-blind crossover study","volume":"95","author":"Dobie","year":"1986","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198510000-00003","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical stimulation for tinnitus","volume":"95","author":"Engelberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-196002000-00003","article-title":"Some preliminary observations on the effect of galvanic current on tinnitus aurium","volume":"70","author":"Hatton","year":"1960","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0385-8146(00)00086-9","article-title":"Tinnitus suppression by electrical promontory stimulation (EPS) in patients with sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"28","author":"Konopka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3202.393","article-title":"Alternating current at the eardrum for tinnitus reduction","volume":"32","author":"Kuk","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Speech Hear Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3950\/jibiinkoka.97.661","article-title":"A\u00a0tinnitus case with an implanted electrical tinnitus suppressor","volume":"97","author":"Matsushima","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0385-8146(12)80005-8","article-title":"A\u00a0study of electrical promontory stimulation in tinnitus patients","volume":"21","author":"Matsushima","year":"1994","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487909126423","article-title":"Temporary tinnitus suppression in man through electrical stimulation of the cochlea","volume":"87","author":"Portmann","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948309200617","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the\u00a0ear: clinical applications","volume":"92","author":"Portmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489709124091","article-title":"Tinnitus treatment by transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS)","volume":"529","author":"Rahko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib54","first-page":"30","article-title":"The treatment of annoying tinnitus with electrical stimulation","volume":"5","author":"Steenerson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Tinnitus J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(02)00164-0","article-title":"Tinnitus reduction using transcutaneous electrical stimulation","volume":"36","author":"Steenerson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988509300318","article-title":"Attempts to suppress tinnitus with transcutaneous electrical stimulation","volume":"93","author":"Vernon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib57","first-page":"67","article-title":"Increased parasympathetic nerve tone in tinnitus patients following electrical promontory stimulation","volume":"2","author":"Matsushima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Tinnitus J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00070","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation: retrospective assessment of cardiac safety in a pilot study","volume":"3","author":"Kreuzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib59","first-page":"166","article-title":"The tinnitus questionnaire. A standard instrument for grading the degree of tinnitus. Results of a multicenter study with the tinnitus questionnaire","volume":"42","author":"Goebel","year":"1994","journal-title":"HNO"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-10-79","article-title":"Linking the Tinnitus Questionnaire and the subjective clinical global impression: which differences are clinically important?","volume":"10","author":"Adamchic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890140029007","article-title":"Development of the tinnitus handicap inventory","volume":"122","author":"Newman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s001060050382","article-title":"Can tinnitus be measured? Methods for assessment of tinnitus-specific disability and presentation of the Tinnitus Disability Questionnaire","volume":"47","author":"Greimel","year":"1999","journal-title":"HNO"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(198411)40:6<1365::AID-JCLP2270400615>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Internal consistencies of the original and revised Beck Depression Inventory","volume":"40","author":"Beck","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib64","series-title":"WHOQOL-BREF: introduction, administration, scoring","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)66050-6","article-title":"Consensus for tinnitus patient assessment and treatment outcome measurement: Tinnitus Research Initiative meeting, Regensburg, July 2006","volume":"166","author":"Langguth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.05.002","article-title":"Methodological aspects of clinical trials in tinnitus: a proposal for an international standard","volume":"73","author":"Landgrebe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-10-42","article-title":"The Tinnitus Research Initiative (TRI) database: a new approach for delineation of tinnitus subtypes and generation of predictors for treatment outcome","volume":"10","author":"Landgrebe","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib68","series-title":"Statistical power for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"7332","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09656","article-title":"Reversing pathological neural activity using targeted plasticity","volume":"470","author":"Engineer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12127","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation paired with tones for the treatment of tinnitus: a case series","volume":"17","author":"De Ridder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2012.750736","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in tinnitus: a pilot study","volume":"133","author":"Lehtimaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2003.11.007","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation: mood and cognitive effects","volume":"5","author":"Schachter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1006\/ebeh.2000.0148","article-title":"Effects of vagal nerve stimulation on cognition and quality of life in epilepsy","volume":"2","author":"Dodrill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2005.08.007","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation in 15 children with therapy resistant epilepsy; its impact on cognition, quality of life, behaviour and mood","volume":"14","author":"Hallbook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1006\/ebeh.2001.0219","article-title":"No evidence for cognitive side effects after 6 months of vagus nerve stimulation in epilepsy patients","volume":"2","author":"Hoppe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n1103","article-title":"Cognition-enhancing effect of vagus nerve stimulation in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study","volume":"63","author":"Sjogren","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X14001739?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X14001739?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T06:43:24Z","timestamp":1746254604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X14001739"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X14001739"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Feasibility, Safety and Efficacy of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Chronic Tinnitus: An Open Pilot Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2014.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}