{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:01:11Z","timestamp":1790791271884,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,14]],"date-time":"2016-02-14T10:44:21Z","timestamp":1455446661000},"page":"438-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Programming Deep Brain Stimulation for Tremor and Dystonia: The Toronto Western Hospital Algorithms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Picillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres M.","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato Puppi","family":"Munhoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5346-0180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Fasano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0010","article-title":"Tremor: clinical phenomenology and assessment techniques","volume":"2","author":"Hess","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22838","article-title":"How common is the most common adult movement disorder? Update on the worldwide prevalence of essential tremor","volume":"25","author":"Louis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350613","article-title":"Relationship of essential tremor to other movement disorders. Report on 678 patients","volume":"35","author":"Koller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6628-x","article-title":"Treatment of essential tremor: a systematic review of evidence and recommendations from the Italian Movement Disorders Association","volume":"260","author":"Zappia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91175-T","article-title":"Long-term suppression of tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus","volume":"337","author":"Benabid","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410420304","article-title":"High-frequency unilateral thalamic stimulation in the treatment of essential and parkinsonian tremor","volume":"42","author":"Koller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-304943","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of thalamic deep brain stimulation in essential tremor: 10 years and beyond","volume":"85","author":"Baizabal-Carvallo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S208","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10165","article-title":"Postoperative management of VIM DBS for tremor","volume":"17","author":"Dowsey-Limousin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.03.006","article-title":"Loss of benefit in VIM thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor (ET): how prevalent is it?","volume":"19","author":"Shih","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25475","article-title":"Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update","volume":"28","author":"Albanese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23554","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for dystonia","volume":"26","author":"Lang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25550","article-title":"What's new in surgical treatment for dystonia?","volume":"28","author":"Moro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23624","article-title":"Early postoperative management of DBS in dystonia: programming, response to stimulation, adverse events, medication changes, evaluations, and troubleshooting","volume":"26","author":"Kupsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23535","article-title":"Long-term management of DBS in dystonia: response to stimulation, adverse events, battery changes, and special considerations","volume":"26","author":"Tagliati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/01376517-200508000-00006","article-title":"Nursing time to program and assess deep brain stimulators in movement disorder patients","volume":"37","author":"Hunka","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000044156.56643.74","article-title":"Tremor response to polarity, voltage, pulse width and frequency of thalamic stimulation","volume":"60","author":"O'Suilleabhain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20231","article-title":"Effect of stimulation frequency on tremor suppression in essential tremor","volume":"19","author":"Ushe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20926","article-title":"Postural tremor suppression is dependent on thalamic stimulation frequency","volume":"21","author":"Ushe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.08.014","article-title":"Effects of thalamic stimulation frequency on intention and postural tremor","volume":"208","author":"Earhart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000127","article-title":"Individualized current-shaping reduces DBS-induced dysarthria in patients with essential tremor","volume":"82","author":"Barbe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5773-3","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in the nucleus ventralis intermedius in patients with essential tremor: habituation of tremor suppression","volume":"258","author":"Barbe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.04.005","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus in patients with essential tremor: stimulation below intercommissural line is more efficient but equally effective as stimulation above","volume":"230","author":"Barbe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-0179-0","article-title":"The effects of frequency in pallidal deep brain stimulation for primary dystonia","volume":"250","author":"Kupsch","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000267430.95106.ff","article-title":"Sixty hertz pallidal deep brain stimulation for primary torsion dystonia","volume":"69","author":"Alterman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.109694","article-title":"Effect of electrode contact location on clinical efficacy of pallidal deep brain stimulation in primary generalised dystonia","volume":"78","author":"Tisch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-007-0578-8","article-title":"Effects of pulse width variations in pallidal stimulation for primary generalized dystonia","volume":"254","author":"Vercueil","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02520.x","article-title":"Pallidal stimulation in cervical dystonia: clinical implications of acute changes in stimulation parameters","volume":"16","author":"Moro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21580","article-title":"Pallidal deep brain stimulation in patients with cranial-cervical dystonia (Meige syndrome)","volume":"22","author":"Ostrem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.6.17621","article-title":"Stimulation- induced parkinsonism after posteroventral deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus for craniocervical dystonia","volume":"110","author":"Zauber","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318227b19e","article-title":"GPi-DBS may induce a hypokinetic gait disorder with freezing of gait in patients with dystonia","volume":"77","author":"Schrader","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2013.00198","article-title":"Hypokinesia upon pallidal deep brain stimulation of dystonia: support of a GABAergic mechanism","volume":"4","author":"Amtage","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12105","article-title":"Full Parkinsonian triad induced by pallidal high-frequency stimulation in cervical dystonia","volume":"2","author":"Reese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clinical Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0173-x","article-title":"Acquired stuttering after pallidal deep brain stimulation for dystonia","volume":"116","author":"Nebel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"046001","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/6\/4\/046001","article-title":"In vivo impedance spectroscopy of deep brain stimulation electrodes","volume":"6","author":"Lempka","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.07.019","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of impedance levels and clinical development in subthalamic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease","volume":"21","author":"Hartmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12537","article-title":"Current or voltage? Another Shakespearean dilemma","volume":"22","author":"Beaulieu-Boire","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.5.1152","article-title":"Localization of clinically effective stimulating electrodes in the human subthalamic nucleus on magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"97","author":"Saint-Cyr","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S198","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10164","article-title":"Methods for programming and patient management with deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus for the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease and dystonia","volume":"17","author":"Kumar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S181","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10162","article-title":"Introduction to the programming of deep brain stimulators","volume":"17","author":"Volkmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.3.289","article-title":"Multicentre European study of thalamic stimulation in parkinsonian and essential tremor","volume":"66","author":"Limousin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0210","first-page":"1266","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus stimulation: improvements in outcome with reprogramming","volume":"63","author":"Moro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt239","article-title":"Phase dependent modulation of tremor amplitude in essential tremor through thalamic stimulation","volume":"136","author":"Cagnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"046005","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/9\/4\/046005","article-title":"Improved spatial targeting with directionally segmented deep brain stimulation leads for treating essential tremor","volume":"9","author":"Keane","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1179\/016164110X12767786356354","article-title":"Adaptively controlling deep brain stimulation in essential tremor patient via surface electromyography","volume":"32","author":"Graupe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-014-0297-2","article-title":"Closed loop deep brain stimulation: an evolving technology","volume":"37","author":"Hosain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Australas Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1159\/000364913","article-title":"Clinical implications of local field potentials for understanding and treating movement disorders","volume":"92","author":"Thompson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.09.012","article-title":"Recent advances in essential tremor: surgical treatment","volume":"22","author":"Picillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.004","article-title":"Programming deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: the Toronto Western Hospital algorithms","volume":"9","author":"Picillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53497-2.00007-3","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging safety of deep brain stimulator devices","volume":"116","author":"Oluigbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12227","article-title":"The rationale driving the evolution of deep brain stimulation to constant-current devices","volume":"18","author":"Bronstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307284","article-title":"Anatomic correlates of deep brain stimulation electrode impedance","volume":"86","author":"Satzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.09.021","article-title":"Utilization of predefined stimulation groups by essential tremor patients treated with VIM-DBS","volume":"20","author":"Barbe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.104.4.506","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of deep brain stimulation of the thalamus","volume":"104","author":"Pahwa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.2.218","article-title":"Thalamic deep brain stimulation: comparison between unilateral and bilateral placement","volume":"58","author":"Ondo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.041434","article-title":"Bilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation: midline tremor control","volume":"76","author":"Putzke","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0285","series-title":"Deep brain stimulation programming: principles and practice","author":"Montgomery","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_JSLHR-S-13-0155","article-title":"The effect of deep brain stimulation on the speech motor system","volume":"57","author":"M\u00fccke","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-009-0111-y","article-title":"Balance and motor speech impairment in essential tremor","volume":"8","author":"Kronenbuerger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22356","article-title":"Gait and balance in essential tremor: variable effects of bilateral thalamic stimulation","volume":"24","author":"Earhart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3635","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq267","article-title":"Gait ataxia in essential tremor is differentially modulated by thalamic stimulation","volume":"133","author":"Fasano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.10.JNS09371","article-title":"Long-term results of thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23887","article-title":"Treatment of dysarthria following subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease","volume":"26","author":"Tripoliti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/109\/10\/0640","article-title":"Factors involved in long-term efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the thalamus for essential tremor","volume":"109","author":"Pilitsis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.2.0201","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of parkinsonian, essential, and poststroke tremor: a suitable stimulation method and changes in effective stimulation intensity","volume":"101","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01065.x","article-title":"Long-term effect of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor on activities of daily living and health-related quality of life","volume":"118","author":"Hariz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.2.0203","article-title":"Chronic electrical stimulation of the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus as a treatment of movement disorders","volume":"84","author":"Benabid","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1159\/000029728","article-title":"Tolerance and tremor rebound following long-term chronic thalamic stimulation for Parkinsonian and essential tremor","volume":"72","author":"Hariz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1089","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of unilateral deep brain stimulation of the thalamus in essential tremor","volume":"16","author":"Koller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170127","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation holidays inessential tremor","volume":"248","author":"Garcia Ruiz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws026","article-title":"Worsening essential tremor following deep brain stimulation: disease progression versus tolerance","volume":"135","author":"Favilla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111561","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111561","article-title":"Atrophy and other potential factors affecting long term deep brain stimulation response: a case series","volume":"9","author":"Martinez-Ramirez","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/13554794.2012.713495","article-title":"Reversing the polarity of bipolar stimulation in deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: a theoretical explanation for a useful clinical intervention","volume":"20","author":"Yousif","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20714","article-title":"On-demand deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: a report on four cases","volume":"21","author":"Kronenbuerger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"4 Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0375","first-page":"ONS-280","article-title":"Dual electrode thalamic deep brain stimulation for the treatment of posttraumatic and multiple sclerosis tremor","volume":"58","author":"Foote","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.6.1075","article-title":"New method of deep brain stimulation therapy with two electrodes implanted in parallel and side by side","volume":"95","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10141","article-title":"Pathophysiology of non parkinsonian tremor","volume":"17","author":"Deuschl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0390","series-title":"Deep brain stimulation","article-title":"Selecting appropriate tremor patients for DBS","author":"Fasano","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120312","article-title":"Effects of thalamic deep brain stimulation based on tremor type and diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Hubble","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1159\/000029671","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus for control of tremors in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor","volume":"72","author":"Kumar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000096012.07360.1C","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential and parkinsonian tremor","volume":"61","author":"Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.118653","article-title":"Multicentre European study of thalamic stimulation for parkinsonian tremor: a 6 year follow-up","volume":"79","author":"Hariz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70049-2","article-title":"Treatment of motor and non-motor features of Parkinson's disease with deep brain stimulation","volume":"11","author":"Fasano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305532","article-title":"The treatment of dystonic tremor: a systematic review","volume":"85","author":"Fasano","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.10.1392","article-title":"Chronic deep brain stimulation for the treatment of tremor in multiple sclerosis: review and case reports","volume":"74","author":"Wishart","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-013-0530-7","article-title":"Which approach is better: bilateral versus unilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation in patients with fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Mehanna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22604","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus for severe tremor in anti-MAG neuropathy","volume":"24","author":"Bayreuther","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.145656","article-title":"Effective thalamic deep brain stimulation for neuropathic tremor in a patient with severe demyelinating neuropathy","volume":"80","author":"Breit","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2014.895345","article-title":"Habituation and rebound to thalamic deep brain stimulation in long-term management of tremor associated with demyelinating neuropathy","volume":"124","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3012","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu258","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation suppresses pallidal low frequency activity in patients with phasic dystonic movements","volume":"137","author":"Barow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12515","article-title":"Clinical outcome of deep brain stimulation for dystonia: constant-current or constant-voltage stimulation? A non-randomized study","volume":"22","author":"Lettieri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24187","article-title":"Defining a therapeutic target for pallidal deep brain stimulation for dystonia","volume":"76","author":"Cheung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063618","article-title":"Pallidal deep-brain stimulation in primary generalized or segmental dystonia","volume":"355","author":"Kupsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.2.0189","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus internus in patients with primary generalized dystonia: long-term results","volume":"101","author":"Coubes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042187","article-title":"Bilateral deep-brain stimulation of the globus pallidus in primary generalized dystonia","volume":"352","author":"Vidailhet","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)80022-1","article-title":"Bilateral stimulation of globus pallidus internus for treatment of cervical dystonia","volume":"354","author":"Krauss","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181aaea01","article-title":"Long-term effects of pallidal deep brain stimulation in tardive dystonia","volume":"73","author":"Gruber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000108643.94730.21","article-title":"Primary dystonia is more responsive than secondary dystonia to pallidal interventions: outcome after pallidotomy or pallidal deep brain stimulation","volume":"54","author":"Eltahawy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70151-6","article-title":"Bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation for the treatment of patients with dystonia-choreoathetosis cerebral palsy: a prospective pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Vidailhet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25709","article-title":"Pallidal stimulation in atypical pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration: six-year follow-up","volume":"29","author":"Picillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.01.008","article-title":"Shorter pulse generator longevity and more frequent stimulator adjustments with pallidal DBS for dystonia versus other movement disorders","volume":"7","author":"Rawal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr122","article-title":"Shaping reversibility? Long-term deep brain stimulation in dystonia: the relationship between effects on electrophysiology and clinical symptoms","volume":"134","author":"Ruge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24981","article-title":"Status dystonicus: predictors of outcome and progression patterns of underlying disease","volume":"27","author":"Fasano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1159\/000319958","article-title":"Less is more: adaptation of voltage after battery replacement in deep brain stimulation for dystonia","volume":"88","author":"Blahak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22116","article-title":"GPi-DBS in Huntington's disease: results on motor function and cognition in a 72-year-old case","volume":"23","author":"Fasano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20551","article-title":"Efficient internal pallidal stimulation in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a case report","volume":"20","author":"Diederich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0544-y","article-title":"Micrographia induced by pallidal DBS for segmental dystonia: a subtle sign of hypokinesia?","volume":"118","author":"Blahak","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000195718","article-title":"Induction of bradykinesia with pallidal deep brain stimulation in patients with cranial-cervical dystonia","volume":"87","author":"Berman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21274","article-title":"Lower stimulation frequency can enhance tolerability and efficacy of pallidal deep brain stimulation for dystonia","volume":"22","author":"Alterman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23962","article-title":"Changing to interleaving stimulation might improve dystonia in cases not responding to pallidal stimulation","volume":"27","author":"Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70257-0","article-title":"Pallidal deep brain stimulation in patients with primary generalised or segmental dystonia: 5-year follow-up of a randomised trial","volume":"11","author":"Volkmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1159\/000249819","article-title":"Chronic deep brain stimulation for segmental dystonia","volume":"87","author":"Woehrle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23549","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcome in Meige syndrome treated with internal pallidum deep brain stimulation","volume":"26","author":"Reese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70143-7","article-title":"Pallidal neurostimulation in patients with medication-refractory cervical dystonia: a randomised, sham-controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Volkmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2007.106.4.621","article-title":"Short-term and long-term safety of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of movement disorders","volume":"106","author":"Kenney","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(13)70045-2","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation: new techniques","volume":"20","author":"Hariz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000226","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders: 2015 and beyond","volume":"28","author":"Fasano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.168","article-title":"Short pulse width widens the therapeutic window of subthalamic neurostimulation","volume":"2","author":"Reich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X16300171?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X16300171?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,15]],"date-time":"2018-09-15T07:56:16Z","timestamp":1536998176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X16300171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X16300171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Programming Deep Brain Stimulation for Tremor and Dystonia: The Toronto Western Hospital Algorithms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}