{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T03:24:51Z","timestamp":1778729091692,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,27]],"date-time":"2017-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509062400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":360,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100014_140515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100014_140515"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T19:17:14Z","timestamp":1469128634000},"page":"850-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Neurocognitive Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Arithmetic Learning and Performance: A Simultaneous tDCS-fMRI Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-8137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias U.","family":"Hauser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"R\u00fctsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karoline","family":"Wurmitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Brem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian C.","family":"Ruff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland H.","family":"Grabner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0010","series-title":"Does numeracy matter more?","author":"Parsons","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.00868.x","article-title":"Number development and developmental dyscalculia","volume":"49","author":"Von Aster","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.08.038","article-title":"Dyscalculia","volume":"17","author":"Cohen Kadosh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.004","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation: state of the art 2008","volume":"1","author":"Nitsche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410386614","article-title":"Physiological basis of transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Stagg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.06.002","article-title":"Electrified minds: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) as methods of non-invasive brain stimulation in neuropsychology \u2013 a review of current data and future implications","volume":"48","author":"Utz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1964.sp007425","article-title":"The action of brief polarizin currents on the cerebral cortex of the rat (1) during current flow and (2) in the production of long-lasting after-effects","volume":"172","author":"Bindman","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0045","first-page":"463","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation \u2013 update 2011","volume":"29","author":"Nitsche","year":"2011","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1965.28.1.166","article-title":"Intracellular activities and evoked potential changes during polarization of motor cortex","volume":"28","author":"Purpura","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.04.006","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in healthy and neuropsychiatric samples: influence of stimulation parameters","volume":"9","author":"Dedoncker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-016-1558-x","article-title":"The effect of the interval-between-sessions on prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Dedoncker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.03.002","article-title":"Clinical research with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): challenges and future directions","volume":"5","author":"Brunoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00244","article-title":"Enhancing performance in numerical magnitude processing and mental arithmetic using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","volume":"7","author":"Hauser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0075","series-title":"Problem size moderates the effects of brain stimulation in arithmetic problem solving: a tDCS-EEG study","author":"R\u00fctsche","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16605","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3129-14.2014","article-title":"Cognitive enhancement or cognitive cost: trait-specific outcomes of brain stimulation in the case of mathematics anxiety","volume":"34","author":"Sarkar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12947","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex modulates arithmetic learning","volume":"42","author":"Grabner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0120665","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120665","article-title":"When problem size matters: differential effects of brain stimulation on arithmetic problem solving and neural oscillations","volume":"10","author":"R\u00fctsche","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.12.009","article-title":"Learning by strategies and learning by drill \u2013 evidence from an fMRI study","volume":"25","author":"Delazer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.10.013","article-title":"To retrieve or to calculate? Left angular gyrus mediates the retrieval of arithmetic facts during problem solving","volume":"47","author":"Grabner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.03.051","article-title":"Imaging early practice effects in arithmetic","volume":"36","author":"Ischebeck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.11.016","article-title":"How specifically do we learn? Imaging the learning of multiplication and subtraction","volume":"30","author":"Ischebeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.03.005","article-title":"Neuroscience of learning arithmetic \u2013 evidence from brain imaging studies","volume":"33","author":"Zamarian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290244000239","article-title":"Three parietal circuits for number processing","volume":"20","author":"Dehaene","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cogn Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2334","article-title":"Effects of development and enculturation on number representation in the brain","volume":"9","author":"Ansari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4156","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3660-11.2012","article-title":"Neuroplasticity in cigarette smokers is altered under withdrawal and partially restituted by nicotine exposition","volume":"32","author":"Grundey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.02.006","article-title":"Automated cortical projection of EEG sensors: anatomical correlation via the international 10-10 system","volume":"46","author":"Koessler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/5.4.323","article-title":"Cytoarchitectonic definition of prefrontal areas in the normal human cortex: II. Variability in locations of areas 9 and 46 and relationship to the Talairach Coordinate System","volume":"5","author":"Rajkowska","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-005-0042-4","article-title":"Consequences of large interindividual variability for human brain atlases: converging macroscopical imaging and microscopical neuroanatomy","volume":"210","author":"Uylings","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anat Embryol (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.12.003","article-title":"Transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS): a tool for double-blind sham-controlled clinical studies in brain stimulation","volume":"117","author":"Gandiga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.04.011","article-title":"Induction of late LTP-like plasticity in the human motor cortex by repeated non-invasive brain stimulation","volume":"6","author":"Monte-Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s13534-013-0087-x","article-title":"COMETS: a MATLAB toolbox for simulating local electric fields generated by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","volume":"3","author":"Jung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0746","article-title":"Modeling geometric deformations in EPI time series","volume":"13","author":"Andersson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2594(200007)44:1<162::AID-MRM23>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Image-based method for retrospective correction of physiological motion effects in fMRI: RETROICOR","volume":"44","author":"Glover","year":"2000","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0175","series-title":"Cardiac artefact correction for human brainstem fMRI at 7 Tesla","author":"Kasper","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2936","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20720","article-title":"Fact learning in complex arithmetic and figural-spatial tasks: the role of the angular gyrus and its relation to mathematical competence","volume":"30","author":"Grabner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi055","article-title":"Developmental changes in mental arithmetic: evidence for increased functional specialization in the left inferior parietal cortex","volume":"15","author":"Rivera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.03.023","article-title":"Modulating arithmetic fact retrieval: a single-blind, sham-controlled tDCS study with repeated fMRI measurements","volume":"51","author":"Clemens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.04.045","article-title":"Long-term enhancement of brain function and cognition using cognitive training and brain stimulation","volume":"23","author":"Snowball","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tine.2013.04.001","article-title":"Interventions for improving numerical abilities: present and future","volume":"2","author":"Cohen Kadosh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1037\/cep0000064","article-title":"Transcranial electrical stimulation and numerical cognition","volume":"70","author":"Sarkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Exp Psychol"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X16301991?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X16301991?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T19:35:32Z","timestamp":1619465732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X16301991"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X16301991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neurocognitive Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Arithmetic Learning and Performance: A Simultaneous tDCS-fMRI Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}