{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:48:11Z","timestamp":1790786891529,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"MRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000833","name":"Rosetrees Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000833","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005622","name":"the National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005622","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,23]],"date-time":"2019-02-23T12:37:41Z","timestamp":1550925461000},"page":"858-867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Decoding voluntary movements and postural tremor based on thalamic LFPs as a basis for closed-loop stimulation for essential tremor"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8038-3029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiling","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Debarros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenghong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alek","family":"Pogosyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tipu Z.","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongzhi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0117-274X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Timmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Visser-Vandewalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5403-1959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Pedrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7262-7297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-304943","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of thalamic deep brain stimulation in essential tremor: 10 years and beyond","volume":"85","author":"Baizabal-Carvallo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1606517","article-title":"Treatment of medically refractory essential tremor","volume":"375","author":"Louis","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2014.997670","article-title":"Implementing novel trial methods to evaluate surgery for essential tremor","volume":"29","author":"Hyam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.03.017","article-title":"Thalamic DBS with a constant-current device in essential tremor: a controlled clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Wharen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Park Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.03.006","article-title":"Loss of benefit in VIM thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor (ET): how prevalent is it?","volume":"19","author":"Shih","year":"2013","journal-title":"Park Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib6","first-page":"434","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in the nucleus ventralis intermedius in patients with essential tremor: habituation of tremor suppression","volume":"258","author":"Barbe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285616679123","article-title":"Emerging strategies in the management of essential tremor","volume":"10","author":"Hedera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"issue":"Pt 8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.8.1568","article-title":"Essential tremor and cerebellar dysfunction clinical and kinematic analysis of intention tremor","volume":"123","author":"Deuschl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib9","first-page":"2","article-title":"Consensus statement of the movement disorder society on tremor. Ad Hoc scientific committee","volume":"13","author":"Deuschl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03855.x","article-title":"The primary type of tremor in essential tremor is kinetic rather than postural: cross-sectional observation of tremor phenomenology in 369 cases","volume":"20","author":"Louis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2016.00038","article-title":"Proceedings of the fourth annual deep brain stimulation think tank: a review of emerging issues and technologies","volume":"10","author":"Deeb","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26482","article-title":"Kinematic adaptive deep brain stimulation for resting tremor in Parkinson's disease","volume":"31","author":"Malekmohammadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww286","article-title":"Stimulating at the right time: phase-specific deep brain stimulation","volume":"140","author":"Cagnan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2012.00521.x","article-title":"On-demand control system for deep brain stimulation for treatment of intention tremor","volume":"16","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromodulation J Int Neuromodulation Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chronic electrocorticography for sensing movement intention and closed-loop deep brain stimulation with wearable sensors in an essential tremor patient","author":"Herron","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2705661","article-title":"Cortical brain computer interface for closed-loop deep brain stimulation","author":"Herron","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng Publ IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh288","article-title":"Involvement of human thalamus in the preparation of self-paced movement","volume":"127","author":"Paradiso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6029","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5441-06.2007","article-title":"Involvement of the basal ganglia and cerebellar motor pathways in the preparation of self-initiated and externally triggered movements in humans","volume":"27","author":"Purzner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.02.038","article-title":"Thalamic gamma oscillations correlate with reaction time in a Go\/noGo task in patients with essential tremor","volume":"75","author":"Br\u00fccke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00527.2004","article-title":"Posture-related oscillations in human cerebellar thalamus in essential tremor are enabled by voluntary motor circuits","volume":"93","author":"Hua","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.02.005","article-title":"Enhanced synchronization of thalamic theta band local field potentials in patients with essential tremor","volume":"217","author":"Kane","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.07.002","article-title":"Essential tremor and tremor in Parkinson's disease are associated with distinct \u2018tremor clusters\u2019 in the ventral thalamus","volume":"237","author":"Pedrosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.08.024","article-title":"Beta oscillatory neurons in the motor thalamus of movement disorder and pain patients","volume":"261","author":"Basha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib24","first-page":"491","article-title":"Brain penetration effects of microelectrodes and deep brain stimulation leads in ventral intermediate nucleus stimulation for essential tremor","volume":"112","author":"Morishita","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2009.10.004","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot study: microlesion effects and tremor outcome in the ventrointermediate deep brain stimulation (VIM-DBS)","volume":"112","author":"Sitburana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14475","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0087-14.2014","article-title":"Thalamomuscular coherence in essential tremor: hen or egg in the emergence of tremor?","volume":"34","author":"Pedrosa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00756.2016","article-title":"Local vs. volume conductance activity of field potentials in the human subthalamic nucleus","volume":"117","author":"Marmor","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)59022-3","article-title":"Effect of deep brain stimulation and L-Dopa on electrocortical rhythms related to movement in Parkinson's disease","volume":"159","author":"Devos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000372091.64824.63","article-title":"Selection of optimal programming contacts based on local field potential recordings from subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"67","author":"Ince","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.190918","article-title":"Value of subthalamic nucleus local field potentials recordings in predicting stimulation parameters for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease","volume":"81","author":"Yoshida","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq144","article-title":"Subthalamic span of beta oscillations predicts deep brain stimulation efficacy for patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"133","author":"Zaidel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib32","first-page":"840","article-title":"Guiding deep brain stimulation contact selection using local field potentials sensed by a chronically implanted device in Parkinson's disease patients","author":"Connolly","year":"2015","journal-title":"7th Int. IEEEEMBS Conf. Neural Eng. NER"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"056011","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/12\/5\/056011","article-title":"Movement decoding using neural synchronization and inter-hemispheric connectivity from deep brain local field potentials","volume":"12","author":"Mamun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3204-15.2016","article-title":"Post-movement beta activity in sensorimotor cortex indexes confidence in the estimations from internal models","volume":"36","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib35","article-title":"Beta oscillation-targeted neurofeedback training based on subthalamic LFPs in Parkinsonian patients","volume":"2019","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int IEEEEMBS Conf Neural Eng Proc Int IEEE EMBS Conf Neural Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1355-3","article-title":"The statistics of natural hand movements","volume":"188","author":"Ingram","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res Exp Hirnforsch Exp Cerebrale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1159\/000358014","article-title":"Variation in deep brain stimulation electrode impedance over years following electrode implantation","volume":"92","author":"Satzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23951","article-title":"Adaptive deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson disease","volume":"74","author":"Little","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3012","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu258","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation suppresses pallidal low frequency activity in patients with phasic dystonic movements","volume":"137","author":"Barow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26953","article-title":"Adaptive deep brain stimulation controls levodopa-induced side effects in Parkinsonian patients","volume":"32","author":"Rosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e971","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005121","article-title":"Eight-hours adaptive deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease","volume":"90","author":"Arlotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.06.012","article-title":"Subthalamic local field potentials after seven-year deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease","volume":"237","author":"Giannicola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X19300646?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X19300646?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T23:10:36Z","timestamp":1571440236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X19300646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X19300646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/436709","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Decoding voluntary movements and postural tremor based on thalamic LFPs as a basis for closed-loop stimulation for essential tremor","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}