{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T21:50:04Z","timestamp":1790459404397,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001958","name":"Armstrong Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,21]],"date-time":"2019-04-21T09:40:09Z","timestamp":1555839609000},"page":"835-844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Neuromodulation techniques for status epilepticus: A review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6685-5851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"San-juan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Oswaldo","family":"D\u00e1vila-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Ramos","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel S\u00e1nchez","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio Mayorqu\u00edn","family":"Carranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas Ricardo","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Anschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00409.x","article-title":"Mortality after a first episode of status epilepticus in the United States and Europe","volume":"46","author":"Logroscino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70374-X","article-title":"Status epilepticus: pathophysiology and management in adults","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.4.537","article-title":"Long-term mortality after a first episode of status epilepticus","volume":"58","author":"Logroscino","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.0188","article-title":"Trends in status epilepticus-related hospitalizations and mortality: redefined in US practice over time","volume":"72","author":"Betjemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib5","first-page":"71","article-title":"Status epilepticus: epidemiology and public health needs","volume":"5","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13121","article-title":"A\u00a0definition and classification of status epilepticus - report of the ILAE task force on classification of status epilepticus","volume":"56","author":"Trinka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-014-0452-x","article-title":"Refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus - an update","volume":"14","author":"Hocker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib8","first-page":"SR01","article-title":"Super-refractory status epilepticus: a therapeutic challenge in paediatrics","volume":"8","author":"Aroor","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr215","article-title":"The treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus: a critical review of available therapies and a clinical treatment protocol","volume":"134","author":"Shorvon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31822b30cd","article-title":"Neuromodulation in epilepsy","volume":"69","author":"Al-Otaibi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib11","series-title":"Manual Cochrane de revisiones sistem\u00e1ticas de intervenciones","first-page":"1","author":"Higgins","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"8","author":"Moher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib13","series-title":"Oxford centre for evidence-based medicine - levels of evidence (March 2009)","author":"Phillips","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib14","first-page":"60","article-title":"Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports","volume":"23","author":"Murad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid Based Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39504.506319.80","article-title":"Incorporating considerations of resources use into grading recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib16","first-page":"30","article-title":"Treatment of status epilepticus with electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"23","author":"Cline","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-009-9288-7","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for refractory status epilepticus: a case series","volume":"12","author":"Kamel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib18","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for super refractory status epilepticus","volume":"34","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.02.011","article-title":"New-onset refractory status epilepticus treated with vagus nerve stimulation: a case report","volume":"47","author":"Yamazoe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2008.05.004","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation for refractory status epilepticus","volume":"13","author":"De Hert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03707.x","article-title":"Successful outcome of episodes of status epilepticus after vagus nerve stimulation: a multicenter study","volume":"19","author":"Sierra-Marcos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.08.017","article-title":"Treatment of refractory status epilepticus with vagus nerve stimulator in an elderly patient","volume":"95","author":"Yazdi","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2013.06.014","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation for refractory focal status epilepticus in the intensive care unit","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.12.004","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; A cost-effective and beneficial treatment option for refractory focal seizures","volume":"126","author":"VanHaerents","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.07.026","article-title":"Possibly lifesaving, noninvasive, EEG-guided neuromodulation in anesthesia-refractory partial status epilepticus","volume":"25","author":"Thordstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.06.038","article-title":"Treatment of refractory generalized status epilepticus in a patient with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome: is neuromodulation the future?","volume":"50","author":"Naro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1159\/000175800","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of two unconventional targets in refractory non-resectable epilepsy","volume":"86","author":"Franzini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.10.002","article-title":"Centromedian thalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation in refractory status epilepticus","volume":"5","author":"Valent\u00edn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.11.097","article-title":"Successful treatment of refractory status epilepticus using anterior thalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation","volume":"99","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24821","article-title":"Peltola J Successful management of super-refractory status epilepticus with thalamic deep brain stimulation","volume":"81","author":"Lehtim\u00e4ki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-3-199708010-00027","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for status epilepticus","volume":"127","author":"Carrasco Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.5.1389","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for treatment of intractable seizures. Initial findings in two children","volume":"49","author":"Griesemer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib33","first-page":"210","article-title":"ECT in the treatment of status epilepticus","volume":"17","author":"Lisanby","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.01.009","article-title":"Successful ECT treatment for medically refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus in pediatric patient","volume":"20","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib35","first-page":"45","article-title":"Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy for refractory status epilepticus in febrile infection \u2013 related epilepsy syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Mir\u00e1s Veiga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2017.10.004","article-title":"Targeted electroconvulsive therapy for super refractory status epilepticus: a case report and literature review","volume":"59","author":"Pinchotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.12809\/hkmj154501","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for new-onset super-refractory status epilepticus","volume":"24","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J\u00a0= Xianggang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1159\/000056018","article-title":"Vagal nerve stimulation for status epilepticus","volume":"34","author":"Winston","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2004.11.026","article-title":"Control of refractory status epilepticus precipitated by anticonvulsant withdrawal using left vagal nerve stimulation: a case report","volume":"64","author":"Patwardhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2010.0307","article-title":"Malignant autosomal dominant frontal lobe epilepsy with repeated episodes of status epilepticus: successful treatment with vagal nerve stimulation","volume":"12","author":"Carre\u00f1o","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1172","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318223b979","article-title":"Refractory status epilepticus treated with vagal nerve stimulation","volume":"69","author":"O\u02bcNeill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-018-3806-x","article-title":"Aggravation of seizures and status epilepticus after vagal nerve stimulation therapy: the first pediatric case and review of the literature","volume":"34","author":"Arhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2014.06.006","article-title":"Neurocritical care: status epilepticus review","volume":"30","author":"Al-Mufti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib44","first-page":"9","article-title":"Long-term outcome in neurostimulation of epilepsy","author":"Schulze-Bonhage","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.04.004","article-title":"Neurostimulation in the treatment of epilepsy","volume":"244","author":"Bergey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.010","article-title":"Refractory status epilepticus: electroconvulsive therapy as a possible therapeutic strategy","volume":"21","author":"Lambrecq","year":"2012","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-194307000-00006","article-title":"Observations in electric shock therapy applied to problems of epilepsy","volume":"98","author":"Kalinowsky","year":"1943","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4397.511","article-title":"Epilepsy treated by electrically induced convulsions","volume":"1","author":"Caplan","year":"1945","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib49","first-page":"233","article-title":"ECT and grand mal epilepsy","volume":"8","author":"Viparelli","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1125","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro formation of a secondary epileptogenic mirror focus by interhippocampal propagation of seizures","volume":"6","author":"Khalilov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800160067009","article-title":"Seizure threshold in electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"44","author":"Sackeim","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2015.992415","article-title":"Potential mechanisms and clinical applications of mild hypothermia and electroconvulsive therapy on refractory status epilepticus","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2004.11.021","article-title":"Letter to the Editor: use of pharmacologic coma for adults status epilepticus","volume":"6","author":"Anschel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsy and Behaivor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnr.2004.06.013","article-title":"Convulsant and anticonvulsant properties of electroconvulsive therapy: towards a focal form of brain stimulation","volume":"4","author":"Sackeim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib55","first-page":"5","article-title":"The anticonvulsant hypothesis of the mechanisms of action of ECT: current status","volume":"15","author":"Sackeim","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.12.015","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Zeiler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.01.010","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of refractory epilepsy","volume":"6","author":"Milby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2016.02.014","article-title":"Late-onset periodic bradycardia during vagus nerve stimulation in a pediatric patient. A new case and review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Cantar\u00edn-Extremera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.02.003","article-title":"Acute vagal nerve stimulation lowers \u03b12 adrenoceptor availability: possible mechanism of therapeutic action","volume":"8","author":"Landau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493\u2014550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.01.004","article-title":"Vagal nerve stimulation: a review of its applications and potential mechanisms that mediate its clinical effects","volume":"29","author":"Groves","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci Behav Rev"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib61","first-page":"59\u201470","article-title":"Correlation between GABA(A) receptor density and vagus nerve stimulation in individuals with drug-resistant partial epilepsy","volume":"55","author":"Marrosu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib62","first-page":"408","article-title":"The vagal nerve stimulation outcome, and laryngeal effect: otolaryngologists roles and perspective","volume":"38","author":"Al Omari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol - Head Neck Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.3.452","article-title":"Corning and vagal nerve stimulation for seizures in the 1880s","volume":"58","author":"Lanska","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(67)90089-3","article-title":"Afferent vagal stimulation: neurographic correlates of induced EEG synchronization and desynchronization","volume":"5","author":"Chase","year":"1967","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(52)90064-3","article-title":"The effect of vagal afferent stimulation on the EEG pattern of the cat","volume":"4","author":"Zanchetti","year":"1952","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.02.014","article-title":"VNS for refractory status epilepticus","volume":"112","author":"Zeiler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00321-1","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology","volume":"2","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-5597(97)00096-8","article-title":"Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: report and suggested guidelines from the international workshop on the safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, June 5\u20137, 1996","volume":"108","author":"Wassermann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016","article-title":"Safety of TMS Consensus Group. Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research","volume":"120","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2626(02)00512-2","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation: neurophysiological applications and safety","volume":"50","author":"Anand","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(93)90094-6","article-title":"Safety of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal volunteers","volume":"89","author":"Pascual-Leone","year":"1993","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Evoked Potentials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.4.847","article-title":"Responses to rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex","volume":"117","author":"Pascual-Leone","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144216","article-title":"The plastic human brain cortex","volume":"28","author":"Pascual-Leone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2007.03.004","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with epilepsy: a review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Bae","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.02.023","article-title":"Effect of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on kindling-induced changes in electrophysiological properties of rat CA1 pyramidal neurons","volume":"1606","author":"Moradi Chameh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2013.11.023","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation decreases the kindling induced synaptic potentiation: effects of frequency and coil shape","volume":"108","author":"Yadollahpour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.12.004","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; a cost-effective and beneficial treatment option for refractory focal seizures","volume":"126","author":"Van Haerents","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.05.021","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)","volume":"125","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2008.09.007","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of epilepsia partialis continua","volume":"14","author":"Rotenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2004.07.010","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in children and adolescents: a review and report of two cases of epilepsia partialis continua","volume":"14","author":"Morales","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib82","series-title":"Marks J. Deep brain stimulation management","author":"William","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02536.x","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus for treatment of refractory epilepsy","volume":"51","author":"Fisher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02088.x","article-title":"The antiepileptogenic effect of electrical stimulation at different low frequencies is accompanied with change in adenosine receptors gene expression in rats","volume":"50","author":"Jahanshahi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-2-24","article-title":"A\u00a0protocol for a systematic review on the impact of unpublished studies and studies published in the gray literature in meta-analyses","volume":"2","author":"Schumucker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X19301962?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X19301962?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T14:12:33Z","timestamp":1761833553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X19301962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X19301962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neuromodulation techniques for status epilepticus: A review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}