{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:07:57Z","timestamp":1790737677444,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T21:14:15Z","timestamp":1560201255000},"page":"1517-1525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Abnormal cortical facilitation and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6601-4964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Guerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9903-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Suppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"D'Onofrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Di Stasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Asci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Fabbrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Berardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200103000-00001","article-title":"Glutamatergic influences on the basal ganglia","volume":"24","author":"Greenamyre","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9873","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1318-16.2016","article-title":"The role of primary motor cortex (M1) glutamate and GABA signaling in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in parkinsonian rats","volume":"36","author":"Lindenbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib3","first-page":"S60","article-title":"Levodopa-induced dyskinesia: a pathological form of striatal synaptic plasticity?","volume":"47","author":"Calabresi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-018-1886-0","article-title":"On the neuronal circuitry mediating l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia","volume":"125","author":"Cenci","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-1931(00)00018-5","article-title":"Striatal dopamine- and glutamate-mediated dysregulation in experimental parkinsonism","volume":"23","author":"Chase","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2471","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia","volume":"9","author":"Jenner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27261","article-title":"Motor complications in Parkinson's disease: striatal molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms of dyskinesias","volume":"33","author":"Picconi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27337","article-title":"Animal models of l -dopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: animal Models of Dyskinesia in PD","volume":"33","author":"Cenci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.11.008","article-title":"Alterations of striatal NMDA receptor subunits associated with the development of dyskinesia in the MPTP-lesioned primate model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"48","author":"Hallett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.11.020","article-title":"Lack of LTP-like plasticity in primary motor cortex in Parkinson's disease","volume":"227","author":"Suppa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws124","article-title":"Acute dopamine boost has a negative effect on plasticity of the primary motor cortex in advanced Parkinson's disease","volume":"135","author":"Kishore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl031","article-title":"Motor cortex plasticity in Parkinson's disease and levodopa-induced dyskinesias","volume":"129","author":"Morgante","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.08.012","article-title":"Non-homogeneous effect of levodopa on inhibitory circuits in Parkinson's disease and dyskinesia","volume":"19","author":"Barbin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Park Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25751","article-title":"Randomized trial of safinamide add-on to levodopa in Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations: safinamide Add-On to L-Dopa in Mid-to-Late PD","volume":"29","author":"Borgohain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4467","article-title":"Assessment of safety and efficacy of safinamide as a levodopa adjunct in patients with Parkinson disease and motor fluctuations: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"74","author":"Schapira","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)38068-1","article-title":"Biochemical and electrophysiological studies on the mechanism of action of PNU-151774E, a novel antiepileptic compound","volume":"288","author":"Salvati","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00554-8","article-title":"PNU-151774E protects against kainate-induced status epilepticus and hippocampal lesions in the rat","volume":"359","author":"Maj","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.118.251645","article-title":"Safinamide modulates striatal glutamatergic signaling in a rat model of levodopa-induced dyskinesia","volume":"367","author":"Gardoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37430-0","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of PNU-151774E as a novel anticonvulsant","volume":"285","author":"Fariello","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2013.00018","article-title":"The contribution of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the functional evaluation of microcircuits in human motor cortex","volume":"7","author":"Di Lazzaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuits"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.005","article-title":"Consensus paper on short-interval intracortical inhibition and other transcranial magnetic stimulation intracortical paradigms in movement disorders","volume":"1","author":"Berardelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019912","article-title":"Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex","volume":"471","author":"Kujirai","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12022","article-title":"EFNS\/MDS-ES recommendations for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Berardelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","article-title":"MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease","volume":"30","author":"Postuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340","article-title":"Movement disorder society-sponsored revision of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS): scale presentation and clinimetric testing results","volume":"23","author":"Goetz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.11.1621","article-title":"The FAB: a frontal assessment Battery at bedside","volume":"55","author":"Dubois","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","article-title":"An inventory for measuring depression","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22341","article-title":"The unified dyskinesia rating scale: presentation and clinimetric profile","volume":"23","author":"Goetz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016","article-title":"Safety of TMS Consensus Group. Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research","volume":"120","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.02.001","article-title":"Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application. An updated report from an I.F.C.N. Committee","volume":"126","author":"Rossini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.05.031","article-title":"Interference of short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF)","volume":"119","author":"Peurala","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.181bi.x","article-title":"Demonstration of facilitatory I wave interaction in the human motor cortex by paired transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"511","author":"Ziemann","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-016-0449-5","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of safinamide","volume":"56","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10189","article-title":"Evolution of the response to levodopa during the first 4 years of therapy","volume":"51","author":"Nutt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy155","article-title":"Neurophysiological correlates of bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease","volume":"141","author":"Bologna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000038744.30298.D4","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques in clinical investigation","volume":"59","author":"Curr\u00e0","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2016.1219251","article-title":"The effect of L-dopa in Parkinson's disease as revealed by neurophysiological studies of motor and sensory functions","volume":"17","author":"Suppa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410370208","article-title":"Changes in excitability of motor cortical circuitry in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"37","author":"Ridding","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01294721","article-title":"The glutamate antagonist riluzole suppresses intracortical facilitation","volume":"104","author":"Liepert","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.08.028","article-title":"TMS and drugs revisited 2014","volume":"126","author":"Ziemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050919","article-title":"Intracortical origin of the short latency facilitation produced by pairs of threshold magnetic stimuli applied to human motor cortex","volume":"129","author":"Di Lazzaro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-980X(98)00023-X","article-title":"Pharmacological control of facilitatory I-wave interaction in the human motor cortex. A paired transcranial magnetic stimulation study","volume":"109","author":"Ziemann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2013.08.002","article-title":"Influence of waveform and current direction on short-interval intracortical facilitation: a paired-pulse TMS study","volume":"7","author":"Delvendahl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00164.2010","article-title":"Influence of short-interval intracortical inhibition on short-interval intracortical facilitation in human primary motor cortex","volume":"104","author":"Shirota","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182919029","article-title":"Increased motor cortical facilitation and decreased inhibition in Parkinson disease","volume":"80","author":"Ni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.67.7_suppl_2.S18","article-title":"Safinamide: from molecular targets to a new anti-Parkinson drug","volume":"67","author":"Caccia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib48","first-page":"629","article-title":"Long-term effects of safinamide on mood fluctuations in Parkinson's disease","volume":"7","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Parkinson's Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.117.245100","article-title":"Safinamide differentially modulates in\u00a0vivo glutamate and GABA release in the rat Hippocampus and basal ganglia","volume":"364","author":"Morari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02035.x","article-title":"Anticonvulsant activity of PNU-151774E1 in the amygdala kindled model of complex partial seizures","volume":"40","author":"Maj","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr028","article-title":"Glutamate NMDA receptor dysregulation in Parkinson's disease with dyskinesias","volume":"134","author":"Ahmed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X19302633?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X19302633?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T14:12:56Z","timestamp":1761833576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X19302633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X19302633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Abnormal cortical facilitation and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}