{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T05:40:07Z","timestamp":1794030007861,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21 DA043150\\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21 DA043150\\u201301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T13:00:22Z","timestamp":1562158822000},"page":"1448-1455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Vagus nerve stimulation during extinction learning reduces conditioned place preference and context-induced reinstatement of\u00a0cocaine seeking"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jessica E.","family":"Childs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhyeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Driskill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Hsiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1728-8111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Kroener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib1","first-page":"74","article-title":"Conditioned craving and arousal in cocaine addiction: a preliminary report","volume":"81","author":"Childress","year":"1988","journal-title":"NIDA Res Monogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245266","article-title":"Conditioned responses to cocaine-related stimuli in cocaine abuse patients","volume":"107","author":"Ehrman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.06.026","article-title":"The context dependency of extinction negates the effectiveness of cognitive enhancement to reduce cocaine-primed reinstatement","volume":"252","author":"Hammond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.027","article-title":"Targeting extinction and reconsolidation mechanisms to combat the impact of drug cues on addiction","volume":"56","author":"Taylor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2750-9","article-title":"Learning to forget: manipulating extinction and reconsolidation processes to treat addiction","volume":"226","author":"Torregrossa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05899.x","article-title":"Pharmacological enhancement of drug cue extinction learning: translational challenges","volume":"1216","author":"Kantak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.01.018","article-title":"Cognitive enhancers for facilitating drug cue extinction: insights from animal models","volume":"99","author":"Nic Dhonnchadha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3607-1","article-title":"Bidirectional effects of inhibiting or potentiating NMDA receptors on extinction after cocaine self-administration in rats","volume":"231","author":"Hafenbreidel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2250","article-title":"N-Acetylcysteine reverses cocaine-induced metaplasticity","volume":"12","author":"Moussawi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.90","article-title":"Reversal of cocaine-associated synaptic plasticity in medial prefrontal cortex parallels elimination of memory retrieval","volume":"42","author":"Otis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6057","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4980-13.2014","article-title":"Infralimbic BDNF\/TrkB enhancement of GluN2B currents facilitates extinction of a cocaine-conditioned place preference","volume":"34","author":"Otis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2006.05.012","article-title":"d-Cycloserine facilitates extinction of a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference","volume":"172","author":"Botreau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.07.032","article-title":"Modulation of chromatin modification facilitates extinction of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference","volume":"67","author":"Malvaez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.043539.116","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation reduces cocaine seeking and alters plasticity in the extinction network","volume":"24","author":"Childs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(90)90045-Y","article-title":"Integrating systemic cue exposure with standard treatment in recovering drug dependent patients","volume":"15","author":"O'Brien","year":"1990","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00060-4","article-title":"Measuring reward with the conditioned place preference paradigm: a comprehensive review of drug effects, recent progress and new issues","volume":"56","author":"Tzschentke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000569","article-title":"Conditioned place preference: what does it add to our preclinical understanding of drug reward?","volume":"153","author":"Bardo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7634(94)00021-R","article-title":"Conditioned place preference using opiate and stimulant drugs: a meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Bardo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06888.x","article-title":"Basolateral amygdala involvement in memory reconsolidation processes that facilitate drug context-induced cocaine seeking","volume":"30","author":"Fuchs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1507","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0090","article-title":"Review. Context-induced relapse to drug seeking: a review","volume":"363","author":"Crombag","year":"2008","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300579","article-title":"The role of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, and dorsal hippocampus in contextual reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats","volume":"30","author":"Fuchs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3758\/s13420-011-0018-6","article-title":"Renewal after the extinction of free operant behavior","volume":"39","author":"Bouton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Learn Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.11.018","article-title":"Renewal of extinguished cocaine-seeking","volume":"151","author":"Hamlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.9433273.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis of cue-reactivity in addiction research","volume":"94","author":"Carter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S189","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.95.8s2.8.x","article-title":"The measurement of drug craving","volume":"95","author":"Sayette","year":"2000","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"102","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib26","first-page":"e53032","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation as a tool to induce plasticity in pathways relevant for extinction learning","author":"Childs","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vis Exp : JoVE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.11.002","article-title":"Sensitivity to cocaine conditioned reward depends on sex and age","volume":"92","author":"Zakharova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.08.028","article-title":"How to make a rat addicted to cocaine","volume":"31","author":"Roberts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00014.x","article-title":"Applying extinction research and theory to cue-exposure addiction treatments","volume":"97","author":"Conklin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(01)00289-1","article-title":"Increasing the efficacy of cue exposure treatment in preventing relapse of addictive behavior","volume":"28","author":"Havermans","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06111851","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analytic review of psychosocial interventions for substance use disorders","volume":"165","author":"Dutra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1280-y","article-title":"The facilitative effects of D-cycloserine on extinction of a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference can be long lasting and resistant to reinstatement","volume":"202","author":"Paolone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20922","article-title":"D-cycloserine facilitates extinction of cocaine self-administration in rats","volume":"65","author":"Thanos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10526","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2523-10.2010","article-title":"D-cycloserine reduces the context specificity of pavlovian extinction of cocaine cues through actions in the nucleus accumbens","volume":"30","author":"Torregrossa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.114","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in addiction: a review of potential brain targets","volume":"17","author":"Luigjes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.12.025","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens shell attenuates cue-induced reinstatement of both cocaine and sucrose seeking in rats","volume":"281","author":"Guercio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63327-9.00010-2","article-title":"Targeting plasticity with vagus nerve stimulation to treat neurological disease","volume":"207","author":"Hays","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"7332","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09656","article-title":"Reversing pathological neural activity using targeted plasticity","volume":"470","author":"Engineer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr316","article-title":"Repeatedly pairing vagus nerve stimulation with a movement reorganizes primary motor cortex","volume":"22","author":"Porter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebr Cortex"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006654","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation during rehabilitative training improves functional\u00a0recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"45","author":"Hays","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3972","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation delivered with motor training enhances recovery of function after traumatic brain injury","volume":"33","author":"Pruitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1995.1024","article-title":"Post-training unilateral vagal stimulation enhances retention performance in the rat","volume":"63","author":"Clark","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/4600","article-title":"Enhanced recognition memory following vagus nerve stimulation in human subjects","volume":"2","author":"Clark","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1998.3863","article-title":"Posttraining electrical stimulation of vagal afferents with concomitant vagal efferent inactivation enhances memory storage processes in the rat","volume":"70","author":"Clark","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib45","first-page":"327","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation enhances extinction of conditioned fear and modulates plasticity in the pathway from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the amygdala","volume":"8","author":"Pena","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.10.021","article-title":"Rapid remission of conditioned fear expression with extinction training paired with vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"73","author":"Pena","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1217","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.191","article-title":"Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on extinction of conditioned fear and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in rats","volume":"7","author":"Noble","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.02.059","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits heroin-seeking behavior induced by heroin priming or heroin-associated cues in rats","volume":"494","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2014.02.012","article-title":"A\u00a0fundamental role for context in instrumental learning and extinction","volume":"104","author":"Bouton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav Process"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12328","article-title":"How contexts promote and prevent relapse to drug seeking","volume":"16","author":"Khoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3758\/s13420-011-0051-5","article-title":"Effects of the amount of acquisition and contextual generalization on the renewal of instrumental behavior after extinction","volume":"40","author":"Todd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Learn Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib52","first-page":"73","article-title":"Cue reactivity and cue reactivity interventions in drug dependence","volume":"137","author":"Childress","year":"1993","journal-title":"NIDA Res Monogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00798.2000","article-title":"Fos protein expression and cocaine-seeking behavior in rats after exposure to a cocaine self-administration environment","volume":"20","author":"Neisewander","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.1041309","article-title":"Extinction circuits for fear and addiction overlap in prefrontal cortex","volume":"16","author":"Peters","year":"2009","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.04.014","article-title":"Animal models for vagus nerve stimulation in epilepsy","volume":"230","author":"Aalbers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(78)91125-3","article-title":"Anatomical evidence of direct projections from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the hypothalamus, amygdala, and other forebrain structures in the rat","volume":"153","author":"Ricardo","year":"1978","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(98)00041-2","article-title":"Anxiety and cardiovascular reactivity: the basal forebrain cholinergic link","volume":"94","author":"Berntson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00308-X","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation: a new tool for brain research and therapy","volume":"47","author":"George","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902670311","article-title":"Brainstem afferents to the magnocellular basal forebrain studied by axonal transport, immunohistochemistry, and electrophysiology in the rat","volume":"267","author":"Semba","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990927)412:3<410::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Efferent projections of the nucleus of the solitary tract to peri-locus coeruleus dendrites in rat brain: evidence for a monosynaptic pathway","volume":"412","author":"Van Bockstaele","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.104166","article-title":"Effect of vagus nerve stimulation on serotonergic and noradrenergic transmission","volume":"318","author":"Dorr","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.08.045","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation increases norepinephrine concentration and the gene expression of BDNF and bFGF in the rat brain","volume":"1179","author":"Follesa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.118.1.79","article-title":"The effects of peripheral vagal nerve stimulation at a memory-modulating intensity on norepinephrine output in the basolateral amygdala","volume":"118","author":"Hassert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1139\/jpn.0936","article-title":"Enhancement of the function of rat serotonin and norepinephrine neurons by sustained vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"34","author":"Manta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.08.048","article-title":"Increased extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine in cortex and hippocampus following vagus nerve stimulation in the rat","volume":"1119","author":"Roosevelt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.05.024","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation modulates cortical synchrony and excitability through the activation of muscarinic receptors","volume":"189","author":"Nichols","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.07.020","article-title":"Serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways are required for the anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like behavioral effects of repeated vagal nerve stimulation in rats","volume":"70","author":"Furmaga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(66)90084-7","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical patterns of response to afferent vagal stimulation","volume":"16","author":"Chase","year":"1966","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0189518","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189518","article-title":"Vagal nerve stimulation triggers widespread responses and alters large-scale functional connectivity in the rat brain","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S255","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.103015","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy: a review of central mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Krahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.11.009","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation potentiates hippocampal LTP in freely-moving rats","volume":"90","author":"Zuo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0527-8","article-title":"The ability of the mesocortical dopamine system to operate in distinct temporal modes","volume":"191","author":"Lapish","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.11.004","article-title":"The interval between VNS-tone pairings determines the extent of cortical map plasticity","volume":"369","author":"Borland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000154","article-title":"The timing and amount of vagus nerve stimulation during rehabilitative training affect poststroke recovery of forelimb strength","volume":"25","author":"Hays","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.11.007","article-title":"The interaction of pulse width and current intensity on the extent of cortical plasticity evoked by vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"11","author":"Loerwald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.96811619.x","article-title":"Cue exposure with coping skills training and communication skills training for alcohol dependence: 6- and 12-month outcomes","volume":"96","author":"Rohsenow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Addiction"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X19302839?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X19302839?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T08:24:16Z","timestamp":1778833456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X19302839"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X19302839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vagus nerve stimulation during extinction learning reduces conditioned place preference and context-induced reinstatement of\u00a0cocaine seeking","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}