{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:18:56Z","timestamp":1787318336587,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DC","award":["National Center of Neuromodulation for Rehabilitation"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["National Center of Neuromodulation for Rehabilitation"]}]},{"name":"DC","award":["NC NM4R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NC NM4R"]}]},{"name":"National Center of Neuromodulation for Rehabilitation","award":["NC NM4R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NC NM4R"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2CHD086844"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2CHD086844"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH-NINDS 1R01NS101362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-NINDS 1R01NS101362"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH-NIMH 1R01MH111896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-NIMH 1R01MH111896"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH-NCI U54CA137788\/U54CA132378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-NCI U54CA137788\/U54CA132378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHNIMH 1R01MH109289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHNIMH 1R01MH109289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T11:46:28Z","timestamp":1587469588000},"page":"961-969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Transcranial electrical stimulation motor threshold can estimate individualized tDCS dosage from reverse-calculation electric-field modeling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8268-4204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Caulfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9376-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bashar W.","family":"Badran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"DeVries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp M.","family":"Summers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Kofmehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingbao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5761-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Borckardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marom","family":"Bikson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1767-1815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark S.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.07.012","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of depression: systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability","volume":"57","author":"Meron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.11.005","article-title":"Exploratory study of once-daily transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a treatment for auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia","volume":"33","author":"Fr\u00f6hlich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-018-0467-3","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of tinnitus: a review of clinical trials and mechanisms of action","volume":"19","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.03.038","article-title":"Treatment of depression with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a review","volume":"219","author":"Nitsche","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib5","first-page":"339","article-title":"Brain stimulation for the treatment of pain: a review of costs, clinical effects, and mechanisms of treatment for three different central neuromodulatory approaches","volume":"2","author":"Zaghi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2018.11.001","article-title":"Hospital production cost of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of depression","volume":"49","author":"Sauvaget","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.06.004","article-title":"Safety of transcranial direct current stimulation: evidence based update 2016","volume":"9","author":"Bikson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-018-0457-9","article-title":"Generalizing remotely supervised transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): feasibility and benefit in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Dobbs","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0NeuroEng Rehabil"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12430","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation is feasible for remotely supervised home delivery in multiple sclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Kasschau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation : J Int Neuromodulation Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00093","article-title":"At-home transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with telehealth support for symptom control in chronically-ill patients with multiple symptoms","volume":"12","author":"Riggs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","article-title":"Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"527","author":"Nitsche","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.021","article-title":"Evidence that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) generates little-to-no reliable neurophysiologic effect beyond MEP amplitude modulation in healthy human subjects: a systematic review","volume":"66","author":"Horvath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.01.400","article-title":"Quantitative review finds No evidence of cognitive effects in healthy populations from single-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","volume":"8","author":"Horvath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.09.017","article-title":"No significant effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) found on simple motor reaction time comparing 15 different simulation protocols","volume":"91","author":"Horvath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-016-4667-8","article-title":"Effects of a common transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) protocol on motor evoked potentials found to be highly variable within individuals over 9 testing sessions","volume":"234","author":"Horvath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175635","article-title":"Questionable science and reproducibility in electrical brain stimulation research","volume":"12","author":"H\u00e9roux","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0000000000000086","article-title":"Reproducibility of tDCS results in a randomized trial: failure to replicate findings of tDCS-induced enhancement of verbal fluency","volume":"29","author":"Vannorsdall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cognit Behav Neurol Off J Soc Behav Cognit Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.10.010","article-title":"Bilateral frontal transcranial direct current stimulation: failure to replicate classic findings in healthy subjects","volume":"120","author":"Koenigs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.02.004","article-title":"Inter-individual variability in response to non-invasive brain stimulation paradigms","volume":"7","author":"L\u00f3pez-Alonso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.03.022","article-title":"Intra-individual variability in the response to anodal transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"126","author":"L\u00f3pez-Alonso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.02.003","article-title":"Variability in response to transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex","volume":"7","author":"Wiethoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.07.031","article-title":"Inter-and intra-individual variability in response to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) at varying current intensities","volume":"8","author":"Chew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.016","article-title":"Lack of effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on short-term smoking cessation: results of a randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial","volume":"194","author":"Falcone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145709990411","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind, sham-controlled trial of transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of depression","volume":"13","author":"Loo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.10.011","article-title":"International randomized-controlled trial of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in depression","volume":"11","author":"Loo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00074","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized double-blind sham-controlled study of transcranial direct current stimulation for treatment-resistant major depression","volume":"3","author":"Blumberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197023","article-title":"Single transcranial direct current stimulation in schizophrenia: randomized, cross-over study of neurocognition, social cognition, ERPs, and side effects","volume":"13","author":"Rassovsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029967","article-title":"Single-arm, open-label, dose escalation phase I study to evaluate the safety and feasibility of transcranial direct current stimulation with electroencephalography biomarkers in paediatric disorders of consciousness: a study protocol","volume":"9","author":"Saleem","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.02.049","article-title":"Targeted transcranial direct current stimulation for rehabilitation after stroke","volume":"75","author":"Dmochowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.05.059","article-title":"Optimal use of EEG recordings to target active brain areas with transcranial electrical stimulation","volume":"157","author":"Dmochowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/3\/036022","article-title":"A\u00a0simple method for EEG guided transcranial electrical stimulation without models","volume":"13","author":"Cancelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.10.025","article-title":"Inherent physiological artifacts in EEG during tDCS","volume":"185","author":"Gebodh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.10.004","article-title":"Dose-controlled tDCS reduces electric field intensity variability at a cortical target site","volume":"13","author":"Evans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/8\/4\/046011","article-title":"Optimized multi-electrode stimulation increases focality and intensity at target","volume":"8","author":"Dmochowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00091","article-title":"Inter-individual variation during transcranial direct current stimulation and normalization of dose using MRI-derived computational models","volume":"3","author":"Datta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059412445138","article-title":"Computational models of transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"43","author":"Bikson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2012.00481.x","article-title":"High-resolution modeling assisted design of customized and individualized transcranial direct current stimulation protocols","volume":"15","author":"Bikson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.08.014","article-title":"Efficacy of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation is related to sensitivity to transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"9","author":"Labruna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"426","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib39","article-title":"TMS motor thresholds correlate with TDCS electric field strengths in hand motor area","volume":"12","author":"Mikkonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib40","first-page":"364","article-title":"Are EMG and visual observation comparable in determining resting motor threshold? A reexamination after twenty years","volume":"12","author":"Badran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul Basic Trans Clin Res Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib41","series-title":"Personalized TMS helmets for quick and reliable TMS administration outside of a laboratory setting","author":"Badran","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib42","first-page":"160","article-title":"The maximum-likelihood strategy for determining transcranial magnetic stimulation motor threshold, using parameter estimation by sequential testing is faster than conventional methods with similar precision","volume":"20","author":"Mishory","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0ECT"},{"issue":"8298","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)90670-5","article-title":"Scope of a technique for electrical stimulation of human brain, spinal cord, and muscle","volume":"2","author":"Merton","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/285227a0","article-title":"Stimulation of the cerebral cortex in the intact human subject","volume":"285","author":"Merton","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.03.007","article-title":"Role of cortical cell type and morphology in subthreshold and suprathreshold uniform electric field stimulation in\u00a0vitro","volume":"2","author":"Radman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.11.004","article-title":"Relation between the electric field and activation of cortical neurons in transcranial electrical stimulation","volume":"12","author":"Seo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15067","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2059-10.2010","article-title":"Low-intensity electrical stimulation affects network dynamics by modulating population rate and spike timing","volume":"30","author":"Reato","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx158","article-title":"Neuromodulation of axon terminals","volume":"28","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebr Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2017.08.012","article-title":"Astrocytes as a target of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to treat depression","volume":"126","author":"Monai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27524-9","article-title":"Direct current stimulation of endothelial monolayers induces a transient and reversible increase in transport due to the electroosmotic effect","volume":"8","author":"Cancel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5747","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1815958116","article-title":"Transcranial alternating current stimulation entrains single-neuron activity in the primate brain","volume":"116","author":"Krause","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib52","first-page":"1774","article-title":"On comparing in\u00a0vivo intracranial recordings in non-human primates to predictions of optimized transcranial electrical stimulation","volume":"2016","author":"Datta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0204-19.2019","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) induces adrenergic receptor-dependent microglial morphological changes in mice","volume":"6","author":"Mishima","year":"2019","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.11.012","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation induces hippocampal metaplasticity mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"144","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5092","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07233-7","article-title":"Immediate neurophysiological effects of transcranial electrical stimulation","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7255","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-19-07255.2003","article-title":"Sensitivity of neurons to weak electric fields","volume":"23","author":"Francis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-02928-3","article-title":"Direct effects of transcranial electric stimulation on brain circuits in rats and humans","volume":"9","author":"V\u00f6r\u00f6slakos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.12.002","article-title":"Incomplete evidence that increasing current intensity of tDCS boosts outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Esmaeilpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272738","article-title":"Systematic evaluation of the impact of stimulation intensity on neuroplastic after-effects induced by transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"595","author":"Jamil","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/603502","article-title":"Different current intensities of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation do not differentially modulate motor cortex plasticity","volume":"2013","author":"Kidgell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.249730","article-title":"Partially non-linear stimulation intensity-dependent effects of direct current stimulation on motor cortex excitability in humans","volume":"591","author":"Batsikadze","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3655-13.2014","article-title":"Nonlinear dose-dependent impact of D1 receptor activation on motor cortex plasticity in humans","volume":"34","author":"Fresnoza","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8311","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26665-1","article-title":"Optimization of transcranial direct current stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for tinnitus: a non-linear dose-response effect","volume":"8","author":"Shekhawat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312459908","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation intensity and duration effects on tinnitus suppression","volume":"27","author":"Shekhawat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation Neural Repair"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.05.018","article-title":"Testing the limits: investigating the effect of tDCS dose on working memory enhancement in healthy controls","volume":"51","author":"Hoy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00926.2017","article-title":"Dose response of somatosensory cortex repeated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on vibrotactile detection: a randomized sham-controlled trial","volume":"120","author":"Folmli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.04.006","article-title":"Daily transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) leads to greater increases in cortical excitability than second daily transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"5","author":"Alonzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.09.002","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation post-stroke upper extremity motor recovery studies exhibit a dose-response relationship","volume":"9","author":"Chhatbar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.01.003","article-title":"Effects of TDCS dosage on working memory in healthy participants","volume":"11","author":"Nikolin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.03.006","article-title":"An investigation into the effects of tDCS dose on cognitive performance over time in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"155","author":"Hoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24901","article-title":"Current intensity- and polarity-specific online and aftereffects of transcranial direct current stimulation: an fMRI study","volume":"41","author":"Jamil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067344","article-title":"Is motor learning mediated by tDCS intensity?","volume":"8","author":"Cuypers","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.05.062","article-title":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"249","author":"Boggio","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.18834","article-title":"Measurements and models of electric fields in the in\u00a0vivo human brain during transcranial electric stimulation","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib75","first-page":"3072","article-title":"ROAST: an open-source, fully-automated, realistic volumetric-approach-based simulator for TES","volume":"2018","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib76","article-title":"Value and limitations of intracranial recordings for validating electric field modeling for transcranial brain stimulation","volume":"208","author":"Puonti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/10\/6\/066004","article-title":"Automated MRI segmentation for individualized modeling of current flow in the human head","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab208d","article-title":"Realistic volumetric-approach to simulate transcranial electric stimulation\u2014ROAST\u2014a fully automated open-source pipeline","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib79","series-title":"2009 IEEE international symposium on biomedical imaging: from nano to macro","article-title":"Tetrahedral mesh generation from volumetric binary and grayscale images","year":"2009"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3395","DOI":"10.1109\/20.717799","article-title":"A\u00a0general environment for the treatment of discrete problems and its application to the finite element method","volume":"34","author":"Dular","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Magn"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X20300863?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X20300863?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T14:14:53Z","timestamp":1761833693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X20300863"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X20300863"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Transcranial electrical stimulation motor threshold can estimate individualized tDCS dosage from reverse-calculation electric-field modeling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}