{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:37:44Z","timestamp":1792791464555,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T20:48:49Z","timestamp":1587415729000},"page":"987-997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Induction of long-term potentiation-like plasticity in the primary motor cortex with repeated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation \u2013 Better effects with intensified protocols?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Desmond","family":"Agboada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Mosayebi-Samani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Fang","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Nitsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.09.012","article-title":"LTP and LTD: an embarrassment of riches","volume":"44","author":"Malenka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2006.07.026","article-title":"The late maintenance of hippocampal LTP: requirements, phases, \u2019synaptic tagging\u2019, \u2019late-associativity\u2019 and implications","volume":"52","author":"Reymann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.87.6.2770","article-title":"Protein synthesis is required for the enhancement of long-term potentiation and long-term memory by spaced training","volume":"87","author":"Scharf","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81904-2","article-title":"Genetic demonstration of a role for PKA in the late phase of LTP and in hippocampus-based long-term memory","volume":"88","author":"Abel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2237201100","article-title":"A\u00a0form of long-lasting, learning-related synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus induced by heterosynaptic low-frequency pairing","volume":"101","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"P\u00a0Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2003.12.003","article-title":"Regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases","volume":"71","author":"Nguyen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.006","article-title":"Consensus: motor cortex plasticity protocols","volume":"1","author":"Ziemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-017-0054-4","article-title":"Studying and modifying brain function with non-invasive brain stimulation","volume":"21","author":"Polania","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.10.1899","article-title":"Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans","volume":"57","author":"Nitsche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.232975","article-title":"The pharmacology of neuroplasticity induced by non-invasive brain stimulation: building models for the clinical use of CNS active drugs","volume":"590","author":"Nitsche","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314562649","article-title":"Spaced noninvasive brain stimulation: prospects for inducing long-lasting human cortical plasticity","volume":"29","author":"Goldsworthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation Neural Repair"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","article-title":"Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"527","author":"Nitsche","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.247171","article-title":"Cellular effects of acute direct current stimulation: somatic and synaptic terminal effects","volume":"591","author":"Rahman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00319.2011","article-title":"Modulation of LTP at rat hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses by direct current stimulation","volume":"107","author":"Ranieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.049916","article-title":"Pharmacological modulation of cortical excitability shifts induced by transcranial direct current stimulation in humans","volume":"553","author":"Nitsche","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf238","article-title":"Pharmacological approach to the mechanisms of transcranial DC-stimulation-induced after-effects of human motor cortex excitability","volume":"125","author":"Liebetanz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816X.2004.03398.x","article-title":"GABAergic modulation of DC stimulation-induced motor cortex excitability shifts in humans","volume":"19","author":"Nitsche","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5202","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4432-08.2009","article-title":"Polarity-sensitive modulation of cortical neurotransmitters by transcranial stimulation","volume":"29","author":"Stagg","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.11.012","article-title":"A\u00a0technical guide to tDCS, and related non-invasive brain stimulation tools","volume":"127","author":"Woods","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.04.011","article-title":"Induction of late LTP-like plasticity in the human motor cortex by repeated non-invasive brain stimulation","volume":"6","author":"Monte-Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131020","article-title":"Augmenting LTP-like plasticity in human motor cortex by spaced paired associative stimulation","volume":"10","author":"M\u00fcller-Dahlhaus","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54621-0","article-title":"Expanding the parameter space of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex","volume":"9","author":"Agboada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2019.04.016","article-title":"Titrating the neuroplastic effects of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex","volume":"119","author":"Mosayebi Samani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272738","article-title":"Systematic evaluation of the impact of stimulation intensity on neuroplastic after-effects induced by transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"595","author":"Jamil","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2007.01.004","article-title":"Safety aspects of transcranial direct current stimulation concerning healthy subjects and patients","volume":"72","author":"Poreisz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.02.003","article-title":"Variability in response to transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex","volume":"7","author":"Wiethoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.3.572","article-title":"Induction of plasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation","volume":"123","author":"Stefan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.05.005","article-title":"Basic principles of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS)","volume":"58","author":"Klomjai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.12.033","article-title":"Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex","volume":"45","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8526","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26791-w","article-title":"The effect of stimulation interval on plasticity following repeated blocks of intermittent theta burst stimulation","volume":"8","author":"Tse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2005.08.009","article-title":"Protein synthesis-dependent long-term functional plasticity: methods and techniques","volume":"15","author":"Sajikumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-04-01125.2003","article-title":"Protein synthesis is required for synaptic immunity to depotentiation","volume":"23","author":"Woo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"issue":"1432","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2002.1222","article-title":"How long will long-term potentiation last?","volume":"358","author":"Abraham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological sciences"},{"issue":"1432","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2002.1255","article-title":"Bidirectional synaptic plasticity: from theory to reality","volume":"358","author":"Bear","year":"2003","journal-title":"Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.01.023","article-title":"AMPA receptors are involved in prefrontal direct current stimulation effects on long-term working memory and GAP-43 expression","volume":"362","author":"Martins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2017.11.002","article-title":"AMPA receptor translocation and phosphorylation are induced by transcranial direct current stimulation in rats","volume":"150","author":"Stafford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/08977190410001723308","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"22","author":"Binder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2007.08.018","article-title":"BDNF: a key regulator for protein synthesis-dependent LTP and long-term memory?","volume":"89","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.03.035","article-title":"Direct current stimulation promotes BDNF-dependent synaptic plasticity: potential implications for motor learning","volume":"66","author":"Fritsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22180","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22180","article-title":"Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation boosts synaptic plasticity and memory in mice via epigenetic regulation of Bdnf expression","volume":"6","author":"Podda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6616","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/385533a0","article-title":"Synaptic tagging and long-term potentiation","volume":"385","author":"Frey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1260","article-title":"Regulation of ion channel localization and phosphorylation by neuronal activity","volume":"7","author":"Misonou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.10.008","article-title":"The self-tuning neuron: synaptic scaling of excitatory synapses","volume":"135","author":"Turrigiano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.02-01-00032.1982","article-title":"Theory for the development of neuron selectivity: orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex","volume":"2","author":"Bienenstock","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10867","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-34-10867.2003","article-title":"Priming stimulation enhances the depressant effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"23","author":"Iyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5316-03.2004","article-title":"Preconditioning of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with transcranial direct current stimulation: evidence for homeostatic plasticity in the human motor cortex","volume":"24","author":"Siebner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.06.004","article-title":"Safety of transcranial direct current stimulation: evidence based update 2016","volume":"9","author":"Bikson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00383.2003","article-title":"Modulation of associative human motor cortical plasticity by attention","volume":"92","author":"Stefan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.03.002","article-title":"Extending the parameter range for tDCS: safety and tolerability of 4 mA stimulation","volume":"10","author":"Nitsche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.027","article-title":"Adaptive current tDCS up to 4\u00a0mA","volume":"13","author":"Khadka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.02.007","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of transcranial direct current stimulation to stroke patients - A phase I current escalation study","volume":"10","author":"Chhatbar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X20300887?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X20300887?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T14:15:17Z","timestamp":1761833717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X20300887"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X20300887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Induction of long-term potentiation-like plasticity in the primary motor cortex with repeated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation \u2013 Better effects with intensified protocols?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}