{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T18:46:37Z","timestamp":1776969997302,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008456","name":"A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T02:53:24Z","timestamp":1595472804000},"page":"1436-1445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Distinct perceptive pathways selected with tonic and bursting patterns of thalamic stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Willsey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0673-7452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles W","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam R.","family":"Nason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karlo A.","family":"Malaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott F.","family":"Lempka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia A.","family":"Chestek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2300-6136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parag G.","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12698","article-title":"Success using neuromodulation with BURST (SUNBURST) study: results from a prospective, randomized controlled trial using a novel burst waveform","volume":"21","author":"Deer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuromodulation: Technol Neural Interface"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25923","article-title":"Coordinated reset neuromodulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease: proof-of-concept study","volume":"29","author":"Adamchic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2011.2152858","article-title":"Designing a thalamic somatosensory neural prosthesis: consistency and persistence of percepts evoked by electrical stimulation","volume":"19","author":"Heming","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.09.008","article-title":"Improved efficacy of temporally non-regular deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"239","author":"Brocker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"371","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aah3532","article-title":"Optimized temporal pattern of brain stimulation designed by computational evolution","volume":"9","author":"Brocker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww286","article-title":"Stimulating at the right time: phase-specific deep brain stimulation","volume":"140","author":"Cagnan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00103.2010","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation alleviates parkinsonian bradykinesia by regularizing pallidal activity","volume":"104","author":"Dorval","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.12.002","article-title":"Effect of subthalamic nucleus stimulation patterns on motor performance in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Montgomery","year":"2005","journal-title":"Park Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2000.11740668","article-title":"Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation and future technical developments","volume":"22","author":"Montgomery","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.07.034","article-title":"Short pauses in thalamic deep brain stimulation promote tremor and neuronal bursting","volume":"127","author":"Swan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00906.2010","article-title":"Stimulus features underlying reduced tremor suppression with temporally patterned deep brain stimulation","volume":"107","author":"Birdno","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobme.2018.08.007","article-title":"Temporal pattern of electrical stimulation is a new dimension of therapeutic innovation","volume":"8","author":"Grill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib13","series-title":"The thalamus and midbrain of man: a physiological atlas using electrical stimulation","author":"Tasker","year":"1982"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061197","article-title":"Human thalamic somatosensory nucleus (ventral caudal, Vc) as a locus for stimulation by INPUTS from tactile, noxious and thermal sensors on an active prosthesis","volume":"17","author":"Chien","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib15","first-page":"219","article-title":"Electrical stimulation-induced effects in the human thalamus","volume":"63","author":"Dostrovsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900970302","article-title":"The representation of tactile sensibility in the thalamus of the monkey","volume":"97","author":"Mountcastle","year":"1952","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00611.2015","article-title":"Neuronal responses to tactile stimuli and tactile sensations evoked by microstimulation in the human thalamic principal somatic sensory nucleus (ventral caudal)","volume":"115","author":"Schmid","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib18","series-title":"Neurosurgical operative atlas: functional neurosurgery","author":"Gross","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib19","series-title":"Neurosurgical operative atlas: functional neurosurgery","author":"Starr","year":"2009"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/7\/6\/064001","article-title":"Designing a somatosensory neural prosthesis: percepts evoked by different patterns of thalamic stimulation","volume":"7","author":"Heming","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib21","article-title":"Sensory percepts induced by microwire array and DBS microstimulation in human sensory thalamus","author":"Swan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22838","article-title":"How common is the most common adult movement disorder? Update on the worldwide prevalence of essential tremor","volume":"25","author":"Louis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib23","unstructured":"Patil PG, Dodani S. Advanced intraoperative neural targeting system and method. Google Patents; 2018."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00756.2016","article-title":"Local vs. volume conductance activity of field potentials in the human subthalamic nucleus","volume":"117","author":"Marmor","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.05.031","article-title":"Selection of stimulus parameters for deep brain stimulation","volume":"115","author":"Kuncel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2004.10.020","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of excitable tissue: design of efficacious and safe protocols","volume":"141","author":"Merrill","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/2\/021001","article-title":"Tissue damage thresholds during therapeutic electrical stimulation","volume":"13","author":"Cogan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1159\/000103056","article-title":"Anatomical correlation of detailed sensory mapping of the human thalamus","volume":"34","author":"Tasker","year":"1972","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.151","article-title":"Dual function of thalamic low-vigilance state oscillations: rhythm-regulation and plasticity","volume":"19","author":"Crunelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib30","series-title":"Atlas for stereotaxy of the human brain","author":"Schaltenbrand","year":"1977"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1114\/1.262","article-title":"Selective microstimulation of central nervous system neurons","volume":"28","author":"McIntyre","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00648.2003","article-title":"Microstimulation in the region of the human thalamic principal somatic sensory nucleus evokes sensations like those of mechanical stimulation and movement","volume":"91","author":"Ohara","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02793.x","article-title":"Neural substrates of microstimulation-evoked tingling: a chronaxie study in human somatosensory thalamus","volume":"18","author":"Kiss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.12.020","article-title":"Temporal excitation properties of paresthesias evoked by thalamic microstimulation","volume":"116","author":"Grill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol : Off J Int Fed Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.09.004","article-title":"Sensitivity of temporal excitation properties to the neuronal element activated by extracellular stimulation","volume":"132","author":"Miocinovic","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.4.1592","article-title":"Extracellular stimulation of central neurons: influence of stimulus waveform and frequency on neuronal output","volume":"88","author":"McIntyre","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aacbff","article-title":"Frequency-dependent antidromic activation in thalamocortical relay neurons: effects of synaptic inputs","volume":"15","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aae590","article-title":"Anodic stimulation misunderstood: preferential activation of fiber orientations with anodic waveforms in deep brain stimulation","volume":"16","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00343.2005","article-title":"Pain and temperature encoding in the human thalamic somatic sensory nucleus (ventral caudal): inhibition-related bursting evoked by somatic stimuli","volume":"94","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00105.2006","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms preventing sustained activation of cortex during subcortical high-frequency stimulation","volume":"96","author":"Iremonger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-017-0020-1","article-title":"Thalamic functions in distributed cognitive control","volume":"20","author":"Halassa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4026","article-title":"Packet-based communication in the cortex","volume":"16","author":"Luczak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.3.531","article-title":"Single unit analysis of the human ventral thalamic nuclear group. Tremor-related activity in functionally identified cells","volume":"117","author":"Lenz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.59.2.299","article-title":"Single-unit analysis of the human ventral thalamic nuclear group: somatosensory responses","volume":"59","author":"Lenz","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu102","article-title":"Directional deep brain stimulation: an intraoperative double-blind pilot study","volume":"137","author":"Pollo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"257","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257ra138","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008669","article-title":"A\u00a0neural interface provides long-term stable natural touch perception","volume":"6","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12358","article-title":"Intensity modulation: a novel approach to percept control in spinal cord stimulation","volume":"19","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation: Technol Neural Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007_bib48","first-page":"19009811","article-title":"Sensory restoration by epidural stimulation of dorsal spinal cord in upper-limb amputees","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"medRxiv"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X20302059?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X20302059?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T14:17:34Z","timestamp":1761833854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X20302059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X20302059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Distinct perceptive pathways selected with tonic and bursting patterns of thalamic stimulation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}