{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:59:30Z","timestamp":1788548370442,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008591","name":"Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008591","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008333","name":"Fondazione Europea Ricerca Biomedica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008333","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["424778381 \\u2013 TRR 295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["424778381 \\u2013 TRR 295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRR 295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRR 295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T02:50:38Z","timestamp":1600483838000},"page":"1743-1752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Gait-related frequency modulation of beta oscillatory activity in the subthalamic nucleus of parkinsonian patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Canessa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Palmisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis U.","family":"Isaias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Mazzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550090108016","article-title":"Effect of thalamic stimulation on gait in Parkinson disease","volume":"53","author":"Defebvre","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25677","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for gait and postural symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"P\u00f6tter-Nerger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318227b19e","article-title":"GPi-DBS may induce a hypokinetic gait disorder with freezing of gait in patients with dystonia","volume":"77","author":"Schrader","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww223","article-title":"Progressive gait ataxia following deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: adverse effect or lack of efficacy?","volume":"139","author":"Reich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23951","article-title":"Adaptive deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson disease","volume":"74","author":"Little","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e971","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005121","article-title":"Eight-hours adaptive deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease","volume":"90","author":"Arlotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27657","article-title":"Monitoring subthalamic oscillations for 24 hours in a freely moving Parkinson\u2019s disease patient","volume":"34","author":"Arlotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.08.028","article-title":"Long term correlation of subthalamic beta band activity with motor impairment in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"128","author":"Neumann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04717.x","article-title":"Reduction in subthalamic 8\u201335 Hz oscillatory activity correlates with clinical improvement in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"K\u00fchn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6165","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0282-08.2008","article-title":"High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus suppresses oscillatory beta activity in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease in parallel with improvement in motor performance","volume":"28","author":"K\u00fchn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.03.015","article-title":"Complexity of subthalamic 13\u201335Hz oscillatory activity directly correlates with clinical impairment in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"224","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.04.024","article-title":"Beta band stability over time correlates with Parkinsonian rigidity and bradykinesia","volume":"236","author":"Little","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26860","article-title":"Oscillatory beta power correlates with akinesia-rigidity in the parkinsonian subthalamic nucleus","volume":"32","author":"Beudel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8231","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1163-19.2019","article-title":"Beta oscillations in working memory, executive control of movement and thought, and sensorimotor function","volume":"39","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib15","first-page":"696385","article-title":"Beta-driven closed-loop deep brain stimulation can compromise human motor behavior in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","author":"Iturrate","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.034","article-title":"Rhythms for cognition: communication through coherence","volume":"88","author":"Fries","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.08.011","article-title":"A\u00a0mechanism for cognitive dynamics: neuronal communication through neuronal coherence","volume":"9","author":"Fries","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Cognit Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.089722","article-title":"Movement-related frequency modulation of beta oscillatory activity in the human subthalamic nucleus","volume":"568","author":"Foffani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.07.037","article-title":"State-dependent alpha peak frequency shifts: experimental evidence, potential mechanisms and functional implications","volume":"360","author":"Mierau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy for posture and gait control","volume":"10","author":"Takakusaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198691","article-title":"Phase matters: a role for the subthalamic network during gait","volume":"13","author":"Arnulfo","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf080","article-title":"The accuracy of diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes in a specialist movement disorder service","volume":"125","author":"Hughes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90574.2008","article-title":"Neuronal activity of the human subthalamic nucleus in the parkinsonian and nonparkinsonian state","volume":"100","author":"Steigerwald","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz141","article-title":"Freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease reflects a sudden derangement of locomotor network dynamics","volume":"142","author":"Pozzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20909","article-title":"Striatal dopamine transporter binding in Parkinson\u2019s disease associated with the LRRK2 Gly2019Ser mutation","volume":"21","author":"Isaias","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn120","article-title":"Outcome predictors of pallidal stimulation in patients with primary dystonia: the role of disease duration","volume":"131","author":"Isaias","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00137","article-title":"Gait initiation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: impact of dopamine depletion and initial stance condition","volume":"8","author":"Palmisano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051464","article-title":"The influence of dopaminergic striatal innervation on upper limb locomotor synergies","volume":"7","author":"Isaias","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.06.719","article-title":"Predominance of the contralateral movement-related activity in the subthalamo-cortical loop","volume":"117","author":"Devos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00611","article-title":"Striatal dopaminergic innervation regulates subthalamic beta-oscillations and cortical-subcortical coupling during movements: preliminary evidence in subjects with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Canessa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1998)079<0061:APGTWA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A\u00a0practical guide to wavelet analysis","volume":"79","author":"Torrence","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bull Am Meteorol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(00)00085-0","article-title":"Reduction of gait data variability using curve registration","volume":"12","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/299859","article-title":"Parameterizing neural power spectra","author":"Haller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","article-title":"A\u00a0mathematical theory of communication","volume":"27","author":"Shannon","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bell Sys Tech J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2011.07.014","article-title":"Cortical dynamics during naturalistic sensory stimulations: experiments and models","volume":"105","author":"Mazzoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol Paris"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/13.1.45","article-title":"Decoding neuronal population activity in rat somatosensory cortex: role of columnar organization","volume":"13","author":"Panzeri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5696","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0009-08.2008","article-title":"Low-frequency local field potentials and spikes in primary visual cortex convey independent visual information","volume":"28","author":"Belitski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000239","article-title":"Encoding of naturalistic stimuli by local field potential spectra in networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons","volume":"4","author":"Mazzoni","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-81","article-title":"A\u00a0toolbox for the fast information analysis of multiple-site LFP, EEG and spike train recordings","volume":"10","author":"Magri","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/0954898X.1996.11978656","article-title":"Analytical estimates of limited sampling biases in different information measures","volume":"7","author":"Panzeri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Netw Comput Neural Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.060","article-title":"Real versus imagined locomotion: a [18F]-FDG PET-fMRI comparison","volume":"50","author":"la Foug\u00e8re","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.09.047","article-title":"Imaging human supraspinal locomotor centers in brainstem and cerebellum","volume":"39","author":"Jahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26376","article-title":"Beta oscillations in freely moving Parkinson\u2019s subjects are attenuated during deep brain stimulation","volume":"30","author":"Quinn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.05.001","article-title":"Subthalamic oscillatory activity and connectivity during gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Hell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage: Clinical"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.09.002","article-title":"Subthalamic neural entropy is a feature of freezing of gait in freely moving people with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"108","author":"Syrkin-Nikolau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.06.001","article-title":"Rhythm-specific pharmacological modulation of subthalamic activity in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"189","author":"Priori","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036139997330623","article-title":"Weakly connected quasi-periodic oscillators, FM interactions, and multiplexing in the brain","volume":"59","author":"Izhikevich","year":"1999","journal-title":"SIAM J Appl Math"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-2647(98)00053-7","article-title":"Thalamo-cortical interactions modeled by weakly connected oscillators: could the brain use FM radio principles?","volume":"48","author":"Hoppensteadt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biosystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00695","article-title":"Higher balance task demands are associated with an increase in individual alpha peak frequency","volume":"9","author":"H\u00fclsd\u00fcnker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib50","first-page":"1694","article-title":"Loss of dopamine transporter binding in Parkinson\u2019s disease follows a single exponential rather than linear decline","volume":"45","author":"Schwarz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.4.584","article-title":"Motor score of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale as a good predictor of Lewy body-associated neuronal loss in the substantia nigra","volume":"63","author":"Greffard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.11.008","article-title":"Pathological synchronisation in the subthalamic nucleus of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease relates to both bradykinesia and rigidity","volume":"215","author":"K\u00fchn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000303972.16279.46","article-title":"STN-DBS frequency effects on freezing of gait in advanced Parkinson disease","volume":"71","author":"Moreau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001184","article-title":"Low-frequency stimulation of STN-DBS reduces aspiration and freezing of gait in patients with PD","volume":"84","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X2030245X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X2030245X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T08:24:00Z","timestamp":1778833440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X2030245X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X2030245X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gait-related frequency modulation of beta oscillatory activity in the subthalamic nucleus of parkinsonian patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}