{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:58:44Z","timestamp":1791824324210,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007049","name":"Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T05:00:52Z","timestamp":1602306052000},"page":"1753-1764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Machine learning and individual variability in electric field characteristics predict tDCS treatment response"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2727-6616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Albizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruogu","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5994-5514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aprinda","family":"Indahlastari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Skylar E.","family":"Stolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4180-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle B.","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7410-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuel M.","family":"Boutzoukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica N.","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole R.","family":"Nissim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib1","series-title":"Practical guide to transcranial direct current stimulation","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.11.012","article-title":"A\u00a0technical guide to tDCS, and related non-invasive brain stimulation tools","volume":"127","author":"Woods","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.06.004","article-title":"Safety of transcranial direct current stimulation: evidence based update 2016","author":"Bikson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.004","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation: state of the art 2008","author":"Nitsche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation - encyclopedia of gerontology and population aging","author":"Albizu","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-009-0004-2","article-title":"Noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation and pain","author":"Rosen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsy096","article-title":"Lasting connectivity increase and anxiety reduction via transcranial alternating current stimulation","volume":"13","author":"Clancy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.09.002","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation post-stroke upper extremity motor recovery studies exhibit a dose-response relationship","author":"Chhatbar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2010.11.001","article-title":"Individualized model predicts brain current flow during transcranial direct-current stimulation treatment in responsive stroke patient","author":"Datta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2015.08.005","article-title":"Modeling sequence and quasi-uniform assumption in computational neurostimulation","author":"Bikson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00319.2011","article-title":"Modulation of LTP at rat hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses by direct current stimulation","author":"Ranieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.03.035","article-title":"Direct current stimulation promotes BDNF-dependent synaptic plasticity: potential implications for motor learning","author":"Fritsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/347069a0","article-title":"Different voltage-dependent thresholds for inducing long-term depression and long-term potentiation in slices of rat visual cortex","author":"Artola","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.10.001","article-title":"Direct current stimulation modulates LTP and LTD: activity dependence and dendritic effects","author":"Kronberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.10.014","article-title":"Direct current stimulation boosts hebbian plasticity in\u00a0vitro","author":"Kronberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121147109","article-title":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation modulates synaptic mechanisms involved in associative learning in behaving rabbits","author":"M\u00e1rquez-Ruiz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22180","article-title":"Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation boosts synaptic plasticity and memory in mice via epigenetic regulation of Bdnf expression","author":"Podda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","article-title":"Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation","author":"Nitsche","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.03.006","article-title":"An investigation into the effects of tDCS dose on cognitive performance over time in patients with schizophrenia","author":"Hoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.12.002","article-title":"Incomplete evidence that increasing current intensity of tDCS boosts outcomes","author":"Esmaeilpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.12.007","article-title":"Effects of electrode drift in transcranial direct current stimulation","author":"Woods","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.07.027","article-title":"On the importance of precise electrode placement for targeted transcranial electric stimulation","volume":"181","author":"Opitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.03.007","article-title":"Role of cortical cell type and morphology in subthreshold and suprathreshold uniform electric field stimulation in\u00a0vitro","author":"Radman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2891-9","article-title":"TDCS polarity effects in motor and cognitive domains: a meta-analytical review","author":"Jacobson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.11.001","article-title":"tDCS changes in motor excitability are specific to orientation of current flow","author":"Rawji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.10.016","article-title":"Methods to monitor accurate and consistent electrode placements in conventional transcranial electrical stimulation","volume":"12","author":"Indahlastari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib27","article-title":"Effect of aging on cortical current flow due to transcranial direct current stimulation: considerations for safety","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. EMBS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.02.007","article-title":"Modeling transcranial electrical stimulation in the aging brain","volume":"13","author":"Indahlastari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.03.005","article-title":"Gyri-precise head model of transcranial direct current stimulation: improved spatial focality using a ring electrode versus conventional rectangular pad","author":"Datta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.05.011","article-title":"Computational modeling of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in obesity: impact of head fat and dose guidelines","author":"Truong","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076112","article-title":"Dosage considerations for transcranial direct current stimulation in children: a computational modeling study","author":"Kessler","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib32","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation in pediatric brain: a computational modeling study","author":"Minhas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. EMBS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab208d","article-title":"Realistic vOlumetric-Approach to Simulate Transcranial Electric Stimulation -- ROAST -- a fully automated open-source pipeline","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21479","article-title":"Electric field calculations in brain stimulation based on finite elements: an optimized processing pipeline for the generation and usage of accurate individual head models","author":"Windhoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.04.125","article-title":"Imaging of current flow in the human head during transcranial electrical therapy","volume":"10","author":"Kasinadhuni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.075","article-title":"Human in-vivo brain magnetic resonance current density imaging (MRCDI)","author":"G\u00f6ksu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib37","article-title":"Measurements and models of electric fields in the in\u00a0vivo human brain during transcranial electric stimulation","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8525706","article-title":"Methods to compare predicted and observed phosphene experience in TACS subjects","author":"Indahlastari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib39","article-title":"Association between tDCS computational modeling and clinical outcomes in depression: data from the ELECT-TDCS trial","author":"Suen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatr Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.03.072","article-title":"Towards precise brain stimulation: is electric field simulation related to neuromodulation?","author":"Antonenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199","article-title":"LIBSVM: a Library for support vector machines","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-013-9204-3","article-title":"A\u00a0review of feature reduction techniques in Neuroimaging","author":"Mwangi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/pen.2018.8","article-title":"Resting-State functional brain connectivity best predicts the personality dimension of openness to experience","author":"Dubois","year":"2018","journal-title":"Personal Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.01.069","article-title":"Individual-specific fMRI-Subspaces improve functional connectivity prediction of behavior","author":"Kashyap","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib45","article-title":"Functions of positive and negative type, and their connection the theory of integral equations","author":"Mercer","year":"1909","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond - Ser A Contain Pap a Math or Phys Character"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib46","article-title":"Automatic capacity tuning of very large VC-dimension classifiers","author":"Guyon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.04.016","article-title":"Global signal regression strengthens association between resting-state functional connectivity and behavior","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.118","article-title":"Clinical patterns differentially predict response to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and escitalopram in major depression: a machine learning analysis of the ELECT-TDCS study","author":"Kambeitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib49","article-title":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation paired with cognitive training on functional connectivity of the working memory network in older adults","author":"Nissim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib50","article-title":"The first step for neuroimaging data analysis: DICOM to NIfTI conversion","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.12.033","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of automated segmentation and manual tracing for quantifying hippocampal and amygdala volumes","author":"Morey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-014-9229-2","article-title":"Validation of FreeSurfer-estimated brain cortical thickness: comparison with histologic measurements","author":"Cardinale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib53","author":"Fang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/20.717799","article-title":"A\u00a0general environment for the treatment of discrete problems and its application to the finite element method","author":"Dular","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Magn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/10\/6\/066004","article-title":"Automated MRI segmentation for individualized modeling of current flow in the human head","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007","article-title":"A\u00a0fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm","author":"Ashburner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm344","article-title":"A\u00a0review of feature selection techniques in bioinformatics","author":"Saeys","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib58","article-title":"An introduction to variable and feature selection","author":"Guyon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib59","series-title":"Support vector machines","author":"Steinwart","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.038","article-title":"Assessing and tuning brain decoders: cross-validation, caveats, and guidelines","author":"Varoquaux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58074-8","article-title":"Resting-state connectivity stratifies premanifest Huntington\u2019s disease by longitudinal cognitive decline rate","author":"Polosecki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.074","article-title":"Group-regularized individual prediction: theory and application to pain","author":"Lindquist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24367","article-title":"Prediction of brain age suggests accelerated atrophy after traumatic brain injury","author":"Cole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.06.027","article-title":"Hypothalamic abnormalities in schizophrenia: sex effects and genetic vulnerability","author":"Goldstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib65","series-title":"Machine learning toolbox TM user\u2019s guide R2019b","author":"Statistics","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib66","article-title":"Distribution theory for glass\u2019s estimator of effect size and related estimators","author":"Hedges","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Educ Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730256","article-title":"Table\u00a0for estimating the goodness of fit of empirical distributions","author":"Smirnov","year":"1948","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1951.10500769","article-title":"The Kolmogorov-smirnov test for goodness of fit","author":"Massey","year":"1951","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib69","article-title":"ROC graphs: notes and practical considerations for researchers","author":"Fawcett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2019.04.016","article-title":"Titrating the neuroplastic effects of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex","author":"Mosayebi Samani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa8d8a","article-title":"Modelling the effect of electrode displacement on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","author":"Ramaraju","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00338.2011","article-title":"The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity","author":"Thomas Yeo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1999.1096","article-title":"Maintenance versus manipulation of information held in working memory: an event-related fMRI study","author":"D\u2019Esposito","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Cognit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-19-07496.2000","article-title":"Dissociable roles of mid-dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior inferotemporal cortex visual working memory","author":"Petrides","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs223","article-title":"Lateral prefrontal cortex is organized into parallel dorsal and ventral streams along the rostro-caudal axis","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cerebr Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib76","article-title":"Effects of in-scanner bilateral frontal tDCS on functional connectivity of the working memory network in older adults","author":"Nissim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142937","article-title":"Learning and memory functions of the basal ganglia","author":"Packard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2024","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia control access to working memory","author":"McNab","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00177","article-title":"The role of resting-state network functional connectivity in cognitive aging","author":"Hausman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57963-2","article-title":"Intrinsic sensory disinhibition contributes to intrusive re-experiencing in combat veterans","volume":"10","author":"Clancy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20161006-01","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation use in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: a brief review","author":"Szymkowicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr Ann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2017.11.017","article-title":"Augmenting cognitive training in older adults (The ACT Study): design and Methods of a Phase III tDCS and cognitive training trial","volume":"65","author":"Woods","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-91","article-title":"Bias in error estimation when using cross-validation for model selection","author":"Varma","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib84","article-title":"Quantitative comparison of SPM, FSL, and brainsuite for brain MR image segmentation","author":"Kazemi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Phys Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.05.002","article-title":"Inter-subject variability in electric fields of motor cortical tDCS","author":"Laakso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X20302680?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X20302680?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T14:17:30Z","timestamp":1761833850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X20302680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X20302680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Machine learning and individual variability in electric field characteristics predict tDCS treatment response","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2020.10.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}