{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:09:11Z","timestamp":1792804151956,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3RF1MH121371-01S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3RF1MH121371-01S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T14:51:53Z","timestamp":1635173513000},"page":"1566-1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Pressing ethical issues in considering pediatric deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2432-7131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina A.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Kostick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Torgerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1265-0791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Zuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavina","family":"Kalwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Blumenthal-Barby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Storch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1933-9453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"L\u00e1zaro-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib1","series-title":"FDA executive summary: medtronic activa neurostimulator for dystonia treatment","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib2","series-title":"Getting a humanitarian use device to market","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-018-1047-9","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in pediatric dystonia: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Hale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14063","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for pediatric dystonia: a meta-analysis with individual participant data","volume":"61","author":"Elkaim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib5","series-title":"Masters thesis","article-title":"The humanitarian device exemption of the United States as a pioneering concept in orphan device regulation and its implications for the policy of the regulation of medical devices for small populations in the European union","author":"Worringen","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2010.0157","article-title":"Misuse of the FDA's humanitarian device exemption in deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"30","author":"Fins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000345","article-title":"Barriers to investigator-initiated deep brain stimulation and device research","volume":"82","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7900","DOI":"10.1108\/mi.2018.7900","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder: a review of results by anatomical target","volume":"10","author":"Borders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ment Illness"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133591","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis of treatment outcome and predictors of response","volume":"10","author":"Alonso","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2020.1694409","article-title":"Improving long term patient outcomes from deep brain stimulation for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"20","author":"Guzick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.06.003","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral treatments of obsessive-compulsive disorder. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published 1993\u20132014","volume":"40","author":"\u00d6st","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib12","first-page":"553","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders","volume":"29","author":"Denys","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.01.011","article-title":"Assessment and management of treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder in children","volume":"54","author":"Bloch","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073820957810","article-title":"Youth weigh in: views on advanced neurotechnology for drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"36","author":"Udwadia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib15","unstructured":"Ozelius L, Lubarr N. DYT1 early-onset isolated dystonia. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et\u00a0al., eds. GeneReviews\u00ae. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; April 14, 1999."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-010-0194-2","article-title":"Predictors of early adulthood quality of life in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"46","author":"Palermo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatr Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0013-9","article-title":"Quality of life in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: base rates, parent-child agreement, and clinical correlates","volume":"44","author":"Lack","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatr Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22392","article-title":"A\u00a0case report of harm-related obsessions in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"72","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.02.016","article-title":"Rage attacks in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: phenomenology and clinical correlates","volume":"51","author":"Storch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.04.010","article-title":"Long-term course of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: 3 years of prospective follow-up","volume":"55","author":"Mancebo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-013-0528-y","article-title":"Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research","volume":"42","author":"Palinkas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-017-0869-x","article-title":"Medical decision-making in children and adolescents: developmental and neuroscientific aspects","author":"Grootens-Wiegers","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib23","series-title":"Deflating the \u201cDBS causes personality changes\u201d bubble","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1086\/JCE201021204","article-title":"Hope and patients\u2019 expectations in deep brain stimulation: healthcare providers\u2019 perspectives and approaches","volume":"21","author":"Bell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8519.2012.01978.x","article-title":"Brain, mind and machine: what are the implications of deep brain stimulation for perceptions of personal identity, agency and free will?","author":"Lipsman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib26","series-title":"Transforming qualitative information: thematic analysis and code development","author":"Boyatzis","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759.22.1.28","article-title":"On the pragmatics of qualitative assessment: designing the process for content analysis","volume":"22","author":"Schilling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-013-0296-8","article-title":"Ethics of the electrified mind: defining issues and perspectives on the principled use of brain stimulation in medical research and clinical care","volume":"27","author":"Cabrera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx361","article-title":"Neurosurgical patients as human research subjects: ethical considerations in intracranial electrophysiology research","volume":"83","author":"Chiong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135524","article-title":"Effects of deep brain stimulation on the lived experience of obsessive-compulsive disorder patients: in-depth interviews with 18 patients","volume":"10","author":"de Haan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s12152-011-9098-4","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in children: Parental authority versus shared decision-making","volume":"6","author":"Focquaert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroethics."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180120000316","article-title":"Pediatric deep brain stimulation for dystonia: current state and ethical considerations","volume":"29","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Camb Q Healthc Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1485","article-title":"Informed consent in decision-making in pediatric practice","volume":"138","author":"Katz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-018-0851-5","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators of pediatric shared decision-making: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Boland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib35","series-title":"Patient decision aids","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106449","article-title":"Long term follow-up results of deep brain stimulation of the Globus pallidus interna in pediatric patients with DYT1-positive dystonia","volume":"201","author":"Ramezani Ghamsari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2016.05.023","article-title":"German registry of paediatric deep brain stimulation in patients with childhood-onset dystonia (GEPESTIM)","volume":"21","author":"Koy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578687","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.578687","article-title":"Researcher perspectives on data sharing in deep brain stimulation","volume":"14","author":"Zuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2016.07.024","article-title":"Complications of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for dystonia in children - the challenges and 10 year experience in a large paediatric cohort","volume":"21","author":"Kaminska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285290000225X","article-title":"A\u00a0review of the treatment for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: from medicine to deep brain stimulation","volume":"9","author":"Husted","year":"2004","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388_bib41","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in the management of paediatric neuropsychiatric conditions: current evidence and future directions [published online ahead of print, 2020 Oct 16]","author":"Ashkan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X21006343?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X21006343?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T14:19:28Z","timestamp":1761833968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X21006343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X21006343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pressing ethical issues in considering pediatric deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2021.10.388","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}