{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:00:31Z","timestamp":1789502431513,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3 DA048502-01A1S2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3 DA048502-01A1S2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE-2039655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-2039655"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL155711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL155711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]],"date-time":"2022-08-27T12:02:57Z","timestamp":1661601777000},"page":"1206-1214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation reduces behavioral and physiological manifestations of withdrawal in patients with opioid use disorder: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4698-2823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asim H.","family":"Gazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna B.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara P.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malik","family":"Obideen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvaneh","family":"Alavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Murrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Shallenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily G.","family":"Driggers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca Alvarado","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianna P.","family":"Washington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine W.","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Vaccarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit J.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Lang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudie E.","family":"Back","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer T.","family":"Inan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Douglas","family":"Bremner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib1","unstructured":"Drug Overdose Deaths in the U.S. Top 100,000 Annually [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 25]. Available from:: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/nchs_press_releases\/2021\/20211117.htm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2013.04.002","article-title":"Perceived relapse risk and desire for medication assisted treatment among persons seeking inpatient opiate detoxification","volume":"45","author":"Bailey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2011.653426","article-title":"Opioid detoxification and naltrexone induction strategies: recommendations for clinical practice","volume":"38","author":"Sigmon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1402780","article-title":"Medication-assisted therapies \u2014 tackling the opioid-overdose epidemic","volume":"370","author":"Volkow","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-3457","article-title":"Access to office-based buprenorphine treatment in areas with high rates of opioid-related mortality: an audit study","volume":"171","author":"Beetham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.06.020","article-title":"Medication treatment of opioid use disorder","volume":"87","author":"Bell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-1429","article-title":"Role of an accurate treatment locator and cash-only practices in access to buprenorphine for opioid use disorders","volume":"171","author":"Lagisetty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib8","first-page":"CD002209","article-title":"Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence","author":"Mattick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9776","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60358-9","article-title":"Injectable extended-release naltrexone for opioid dependence: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre randomised trial","volume":"377","author":"Krupitsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3206","article-title":"Effectiveness of injectable extended-release naltrexone vs daily buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid dependence: a randomized clinical noninferiority trial","volume":"74","author":"Tanum","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatr"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505409","article-title":"Extended-Release naltrexone to prevent opioid relapse in criminal justice offenders","volume":"374","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7396","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib12","first-page":"959","article-title":"Loss of tolerance and overdose mortality after inpatient opiate detoxification: follow up study","volume":"326","author":"Strang","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16050548","article-title":"Long-acting injectable naltrexone induction: a randomized trial of outpatient opioid detoxification with naltrexone versus buprenorphine","volume":"174","author":"Sullivan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zagorski N. FDA clears way for stimulation device to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms. https:\/\/doi.org\/101176\/appi.pn20181a16. 2017 Dec 26;53(1):1\u20131.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.pn.2018.1a16"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miranda A, Taca A. Neuromodulation with percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation is associated with reduction in signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal: a multisite, retrospective assessment. https:\/\/doi.org\/101080\/0095299020171295459. 2017 Jan 2;44(1):56\u201363.","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2017.1295459"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.08.002","article-title":"Quantifying acute physiological biomarkers of transcutaneous cervical vagal nerve stimulation in the context of psychological stress","volume":"13","author":"Gurel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib17","first-page":"13","article-title":"Transcutaneous cervical vagal nerve stimulation reduces sympathetic responses to stress in posttraumatic stress disorder: a double-blind, randomized, sham controlled trial","author":"Gurel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/20488","article-title":"Digital cardiovascular biomarker responses to transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation: state-space modeling, prediction, and simulation","volume":"8","author":"Gazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth uHealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib19","series-title":"IEEE-EMBS international conference on biomedical and health informatics","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation lengthens exhalation in the context of traumatic stress","author":"Gazi","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib20","series-title":"Annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society","first-page":"1444","article-title":"Transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation inhibits the reciprocal of the pulse transit time's responses to traumatic stress in posttraumatic stress disorder","author":"Gazi","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib21","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation blocks stress-induced activation of Interleukin-6 and interferon-\u03b3 in posttraumatic stress disorder: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Bremner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain, Behav Immun - Heal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Application of noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation to stress-related psychiatric disorders","volume":"10","author":"Bremner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Personalized Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.05.023","article-title":"Neurobiology of opioid addiction: opponent process, hyperkatifeia, and negative reinforcement","volume":"87","author":"Koob","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000987","article-title":"Noninvasive cervical vagal nerve stimulation alters brain activity during traumatic stress in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"83","author":"Wittbrodt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.002","article-title":"Non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation decreases brain activity during trauma scripts","volume":"13","author":"Wittbrodt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.04.007","article-title":"Laboratory-induced cue reactivity among individuals with prescription opioid dependence","volume":"39","author":"Back","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2003.10400007","article-title":"The clinical opiate withdrawal scale (COWS)","volume":"35","author":"Wesson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychoact Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.142","article-title":"Stress-induced reinstatement of drug seeking: 20 Years of progress","volume":"41","author":"Mantsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100917","article-title":"How does stress increase risk of drug abuse and relapse?","volume":"158","author":"Sinha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib30","series-title":"Behavior therapy techniques: a guide to the treatment of neuroses. Behavior therapy techniques: a guide to the treatment of neuroses","author":"Wolpe","year":"1966"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2021.3108135","article-title":"Robust estimation of respiratory variability uncovers correlates of limbic brain activity and transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation in the context of traumatic stress","volume":"69","author":"Gazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2013.04.002","article-title":"Perceived relapse risk and desire for medication assisted treatment among persons seeking inpatient opiate detoxification","volume":"45","author":"Bailey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2017.19.3\/tcicero","article-title":"The prescription opioid epidemic: a review of qualitative studies on the progression from initial use to abuse","volume":"19","author":"Cicero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.06.004","article-title":"Motivations for non-medical prescription drug use: a mixed methods analysis","volume":"39","author":"Rigg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12862","article-title":"Review article: effective management of opioid withdrawal symptoms: a gateway to opioid dependence treatment","volume":"28","author":"Kosten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib36","first-page":"892","article-title":"Opioid withdrawal symptoms, a consequence of chronic opioid use and opioid use disorder: current understanding and approaches to management","volume":"45","author":"Pergolizzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharm Therapeut"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6610a1","article-title":"Characteristics of initial prescription episodes and likelihood of long-term opioid use \u2014 United States, 2006\u20132015","volume":"66","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00200-3","article-title":"Pain intolerance in opioid-maintained former opiate addicts: effect of long-acting maintenance agent","volume":"63","author":"Compton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.10.007","article-title":"Perpetual hunger: the neurobiological consequences of long-term opioid use","volume":"87","author":"Bommersbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1441.030","article-title":"Chronic stress, drug use, and vulnerability to addiction","volume":"1141","author":"Sinha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib41","first-page":"125","article-title":"Pathways to relapse: the neurobiology of drug- and stress-induced relapse to drug-taking","volume":"25","author":"Stewart","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.05.023","article-title":"Neurobiology of opioid addiction: opponent process, hyperkatifeia, and negative reinforcement","volume":"87","author":"Koob","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.110","article-title":"Neurocircuitry of addiction","volume":"35","author":"Koob","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00127","article-title":"A\u00a0comprehensive overview on stress neurobiology: basic concepts and clinical implications","volume":"12","author":"Godoy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib45","series-title":"Cardiovascular physiology concepts","author":"Klabunde","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib46","article-title":"Physiology of the autonomic nervous system","volume":"71","author":"McCorry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pharmaceut Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib47","first-page":"189","article-title":"Psychological stress and the autonomic nervous system","author":"Ziegler","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib48","series-title":"Guidelines for the psychosocially assisted pharmacological treatment of opioid dependence","author":"Organization","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.2.210","article-title":"Injectable, sustained-release naltrexone for the treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"63","author":"Comer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.08.010","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve stimulation in humans; a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Redgrave","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-018-0108-7","article-title":"The role of lofexidine in management of opioid withdrawal","volume":"8","author":"Pergolizzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young JR, Smani SA, Mischel NA, Kritzer MD, Appelbaum LG, Patkar AA. Non-invasive brain stimulation modalities for the treatment and prevention of opioid use disorder: a systematic review of the literature. https:\/\/doi.org\/101080\/1055088720201736756. 2020 Feb 17;38(2):186\u201399.","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2020.1736756"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X22001954?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X22001954?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:07:04Z","timestamp":1777622824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X22001954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X22001954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation reduces behavioral and physiological manifestations of withdrawal in patients with opioid use disorder: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled pilot study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}