{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T07:00:54Z","timestamp":1793084454303,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1 TR001415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1 TR001415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011643","name":"Blavatnik Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011643","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K02AG054665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K02AG054665"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG060981-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG060981-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG049006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG049006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004040","name":"KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003607","name":"Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GA 201902\u20132017902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA 201902\u20132017902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002565","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Drug Discovery Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002565","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T03:06:01Z","timestamp":1669691161000},"page":"1541-1551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["The benefits of simultaneous tDCS and working memory training on transfer outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Pergher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacky","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Alizadeh Shalchy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Santarnecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Seitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne M.","family":"Jaeggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorella","family":"Battelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.10.1899","article-title":"Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans","volume":"57","author":"Nitsche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22180","article-title":"Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation boosts synaptic plasticity and memory in mice via epigenetic regulation of Bdnf expression","volume":"6","author":"Podda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s41465-017-0007-6","article-title":"Optimizing transcranial direct current stimulation protocols to promote long-term learning","volume":"1","author":"Au","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cogn Enhanc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2015.1036274","article-title":"Does working memory training transfer? A meta-analysis including training conditions as moderators","volume":"50","author":"Schwaighofer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Educ Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797614548725","article-title":"Making working memory work a meta-analysis of executive-control and working memory training in older adults","volume":"25","author":"Karbach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1525\/collabra.203","article-title":"Near and far transfer in cognitive training: a second-order meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Sala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Collabra: Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616635612","article-title":"Working memory training does not improve performance on measures of intelligence or other measures of \u201cfar transfer\u201d evidence from a meta-analytic review","volume":"11","author":"Melby-Lervag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-014-0699-x","article-title":"Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory: a meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Au","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bull Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-015-0967-4","article-title":"There is no convincing evidence that working memory training is NOT effective: a reply to Melby-Lerv\u00e5g and Hulme (2015)","volume":"23","author":"Au","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib10","first-page":"e174","article-title":"The long-term efficacy of working memory training in healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 randomized controlled trials","volume":"75","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol: Series B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4448","article-title":"Benefits in tasks related to everyday life competences after a working memory training in older adults","volume":"32","author":"Cantarella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119522","article-title":"Benefits of a working memory training program for inattention in daily life: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Spencer-Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00956","article-title":"Does transcranial direct current stimulation improve healthy working memory?: a meta-analytic review","volume":"28","author":"Mancuso","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cognit Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797617698139","article-title":"Direct-current stimulation does little to improve the outcome of working memory training in older adults","author":"Nilsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib15","article-title":"Meta-analysis with robust variance estimation: expanding the range of working models","author":"Pustejovsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib16","first-page":"435","article-title":"Cognitive plasticity in adulthood and old age: gauging the generality of cognitive intervention effects","volume":"27","author":"Noack","year":"2009","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01134-4","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation induces long-term potentiation-like plasticity in the human visual cortex","volume":"11","author":"Frase","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.009","article-title":"Induction of long-term potentiation-like plasticity in the primary motor cortex with repeated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation \u2013 better effects with intensified protocols?","volume":"13","author":"Agboada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.02.082","article-title":"tDCS possibly stimulates glial cells","volume":"123","author":"Ruohonen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of multisession prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation on long-term memory and working memory in older adults","author":"Au","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cognit Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00979","article-title":"Enhancing working memory training with transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"28","author":"Au","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cognit Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.02.003","article-title":"Updating guidance for reporting systematic reviews: development of the PRISMA 2020 statement","volume":"134","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.006","article-title":"Enhancing cognitive control training with transcranial direct current stimulation: a systematic parameter study","volume":"13","author":"Weller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib24","article-title":"Randomized trial of cognitive training and brain stimulation in non-demented older adults","volume":"8","author":"Antonenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dementia: Transl Res Clin Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00340","article-title":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation paired with cognitive training on functional connectivity of the working memory network in older adults","volume":"11","author":"Nissim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib27","series-title":"WebPlotDigitizer version 3.12","author":"Rohatgi","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863","article-title":"Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs","volume":"4","author":"Lakens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib29","first-page":"122","volume":"vol. 25","author":"Park","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib30","article-title":"Boosting cognition: effects of multiple session transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory","volume":"1\u201314","author":"Talsma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cognit Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428106291059","article-title":"Estimating effect sizes from pretest-posttest-control group designs","volume":"11","author":"Morris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Organ Res Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib32","series-title":"Meta-analytic procedures for social research","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01055-1","article-title":"Augmentation of working memory training by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","volume":"7","author":"Ruf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.04.001","article-title":"Older adults improve on everyday tasks after working memory training and neurostimulation","volume":"9","author":"Stephens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib35","article-title":"Longitudinal neurostimulation in older adults improves working memory","volume":"10","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib36","series-title":"Introduction to meta-analysis","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib38","unstructured":"Rodgers MA, Pustejovsky JE. Evaluating meta-analytic methods to detect selective reporting in the presence of dependent effect sizes n.d.:25."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1464","article-title":"Estimating publication bias in meta-analyses of peer-reviewed studies: a meta-meta-analysis across disciplines and journal tiers","volume":"12","author":"Mathur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00159","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation for memory enhancement: from clinical research to animal models","volume":"8","author":"Bennabi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.01.004","article-title":"Effects of tDCS on motor learning and memory formation: a consensus and critical position paper","author":"Buch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib42","first-page":"692","article-title":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on episodic memory in older adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Huo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol: Series B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.11.008","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on episodic memory","volume":"12","author":"Galli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul: Basic Transl Clin Res Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib44","article-title":"Electrical brain stimulation (tES) improves learning more than performance: a meta-analysis","author":"Simonsmeier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027473","article-title":"Is working memory training effective?","volume":"138","author":"Shipstead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2019.101386","article-title":"Working memory training does not enhance older adults' cognitive skills: a comprehensive meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Sala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721417712760","article-title":"Does far transfer exist? Negative evidence from chess, music, and working memory training","volume":"26","author":"Sala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s41465-020-00164-6","article-title":"Quantifying the difference between active and passive control groups in cognitive interventions using two meta-analytical approaches","volume":"4","author":"Au","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cogn Enhanc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2014.01.008","article-title":"Working memory improvement with non-invasive brain stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"86","author":"Brunoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Cognit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216316637237","article-title":"Improving the wellbeing of staff who work in palliative care settings: a systematic review of psychosocial interventions","author":"Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.01.400","article-title":"Quantitative review finds No evidence of cognitive effects in healthy populations from single-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","volume":"8","author":"Horvath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib52","article-title":"Does excitatory fronto-extracerebral tDCS lead to improved working memory performance?","volume":"2","author":"Lally","year":"2013","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008_bib53","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis for publication bias in meta-analyses","volume":"69","author":"Mathur","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Roy Stat Soc: Ser C (Appl Stat)"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X2200242X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X2200242X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T14:22:48Z","timestamp":1761834168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X2200242X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X2200242X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The benefits of simultaneous tDCS and working memory training on transfer outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}