{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:23:15Z","timestamp":1793298195789,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["06360462420007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["06360462420007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["60-63600-98-903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["60-63600-98-903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T08:08:39Z","timestamp":1771315719000},"page":"103058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vital-affective symptom connectivity during electroconvulsive therapy distinguishes depression remission outcomes: A cross-lagged panel network study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0913-805X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa G.","family":"Zandstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Lunansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floortje E.","family":"Scheepers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa F.","family":"Blanken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6611-6597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom K.","family":"Birkenhager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieneke","family":"Bloemkolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1461-4241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birit F.P.","family":"Broekman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3474-4326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"van Eijndhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5737-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"van Exel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5825-050X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank L.","family":"Gerritse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna M.","family":"Hegeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willemijn","family":"Heijnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob M.","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4443-0139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dore","family":"Loef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel J.T.","family":"Mocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8901-8140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasper O.","family":"Nuninga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mardien L.","family":"Oudega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didi","family":"Rhebergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6072-0358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henricus G.","family":"Ruhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-6346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart P.F.","family":"Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Schut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris E.","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3171-3671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indira","family":"Tendolkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanne J.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esm\u00e9e","family":"Verwijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanneke","family":"van Welie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor","family":"Woerdman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemiek","family":"Dols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"van Dellen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Metten","family":"Somers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9360","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12705-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"361","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.09.015","article-title":"Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in community settings","volume":"55","author":"Prudic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.10.010","article-title":"Depression is not a consistent syndrome: an investigation of unique symptom patterns in the STAR\u2217D study","volume":"172","author":"Fried","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20375","article-title":"A network theory of mental disorders","volume":"16","author":"Borsboom","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.2823","article-title":"Implications of the network theory for the treatment of mental disorders: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"80","author":"Schumacher","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2079","article-title":"Association of symptom network structure with the course of depression","volume":"72","author":"van Borkulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.11.059","article-title":"The network analysis of depressive symptoms before and after two weeks of antidepressant treatment","volume":"299","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.02.009","article-title":"Structure and connectivity of depressive symptom networks corresponding to early treatment response","volume":"8","author":"McElroy","year":"2019","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720001002","article-title":"The network structure of core depressive symptom-domains in major depressive disorder following antidepressant treatment: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"51","author":"Berlim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1506-1","article-title":"Cross-sectional networks of depressive symptoms before and after antidepressant medication treatment","volume":"53","author":"Bos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatr Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.06.068","article-title":"Dynamic time warp analysis of individual symptom trajectories in depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"293","author":"Booij","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.11.004","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy improves somatic symptoms before mood in patients with depression: a directed network analysis","volume":"16","author":"De Schuyteneer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib13","author":"Rhemtulla"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib14","article-title":"Precision electroconvulsive therapy (PET) project: tackling (cost) effectiveness and patient's perspectives","author":"van Eijndhoven","year":"2024","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib15","series-title":"Richtlijn electroconvulsietherapie","author":"Van den Broek","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","article-title":"A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change","volume":"134","author":"Montgomery","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.09.042","article-title":"Translating the HAM-D into the MADRS and vice versa with equipercentile linking","volume":"226","author":"Leucht","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxm045","article-title":"Sparse inverse covariance estimation with the graphical lasso","volume":"9","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000181","article-title":"Identifying highly influential nodes in the complicated grief network","volume":"125","author":"Robinaugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1","article-title":"Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper","volume":"50","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000476","article-title":"Comparing network structures on three aspects: a permutation test","volume":"28","author":"van Borkulo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i04","article-title":"Qgraph: network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data","volume":"48","author":"Epskamp","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib24","author":"Van Borkulo"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148171","article-title":"Use of wishart prior and simple extensions for sparse precision matrix estimation","volume":"11","author":"Kuismin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.07.053","article-title":"Distinct trajectories of depression symptoms in early and middle adolescence: preliminary evidence from longitudinal network analysis","volume":"142","author":"Rubin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/da\/6205475","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescence, early adulthood, and old age: cross-lagged panel network analyses","volume":"2024","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18134","article-title":"Longitudinal relations between non-suicidal self-injury and both depression and anxiety among senior high school adolescents: a cross-lagged panel network analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.13040","article-title":"Unraveling depressive symptom networks: a three-year longitudinal study among Chinese junior high school adolescents","volume":"35","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Res Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib30","first-page":"547","article-title":"\u00c9tude comparative de la distribution florale dans une portion des Alpes et des Jura","volume":"37","author":"Jaccard","year":"1901","journal-title":"Bull Soc Vaudoise Sci Nat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib31","series-title":"Further generalizations of the jaccard index","author":"Costa","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i01","article-title":"Regularization paths for generalized linear models via coordinate descent","volume":"33","author":"Friedman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Software"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","article-title":"Lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling","volume":"48","author":"Rosseel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714001809","article-title":"Revealing the dynamic network structure of the beck depression Inventory-II","volume":"45","author":"Bringmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12589","article-title":"Modelling the longitudinal associations between schizotypy and aberrant salience: the role of mentalization and attachment","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol Psychother Theor Res Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-025-00912-6","article-title":"Bidirectional relationships between intolerance of uncertainty and generalized anxiety among adolescents: insights from cross-lagged panel network analysis","volume":"19","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib37","unstructured":"M.G., Zandstra. F.E., Scheepers. G., Lunansky. Symptom network dynamics during antipsychotic treatment in first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Bull. 10.1093\/schbul\/sbag016."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702619875410","article-title":"Direction of dependence between specific symptoms of depression: a Non-Gaussian approach","volume":"8","author":"Garc\u00eda-Vel\u00e1zquez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13770","article-title":"Prediction of electroconvulsive therapy outcome: a network analysis approach","volume":"151","author":"Blanken","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.06.025","article-title":"The effects of psychotherapy for adult depression on suicidality and hopelessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"144","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00064-X","article-title":"Direct versus indirect psychosocial and behavioural interventions to prevent suicide and suicide attempts: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Meerwijk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib42","first-page":"1","article-title":"The importance of transdiagnostic symptom level assessment to understanding prognosis for depressed adults: analysis of data from six randomised control trials","volume":"19","author":"O'Driscoll","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3561","article-title":"Assessment of symptom network density as a prognostic marker of treatment response in adolescent depression","volume":"75","author":"Schweren","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X26000355?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X26000355?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:07:21Z","timestamp":1777622841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X26000355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X26000355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vital-affective symptom connectivity during electroconvulsive therapy distinguishes depression remission outcomes: A cross-lagged panel network study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103058","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103058"}}