{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T21:20:38Z","timestamp":1783027238478,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainstimjrnl.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:11:25Z","timestamp":1777129885000},"page":"103108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Just a caffeine-blocker? Questioning new proposed core mechanisms of ECT"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3170-111X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Knabbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Sartorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108_bib1","article-title":"Adenosine signalling drives antidepressant actions of ketamine and ECT","author":"Yue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.61373\/bm025c.0134","article-title":"Adenosine as the metabolic common path of rapid antidepressant action: the coffee paradox","volume":"1","author":"Licinio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.9.1199","article-title":"Facilitation of ECT by caffeine pretreatment","volume":"144","author":"Shapira","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2025.105531","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intravenously applied caffeine augmentation in electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"4","author":"Ridder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosci Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.05.016","article-title":"Changes in seizure duration during acute course electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"14","author":"Luccarelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.11.003","article-title":"Caffeine and seizures: a systematic review and quantitative analysis","volume":"80","author":"van Koert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.5.579","article-title":"Caffeine augmentation of ECT","volume":"147","author":"Coffey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.22738","article-title":"Seizure duration and electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder","volume":"7","author":"Gillving","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.112.105114","article-title":"Caffeine occupancy of human cerebral A1 adenosine receptors: in vivo quantification with 18F-CPFPX and PET","volume":"53","author":"Elmenhorst","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1228438","article-title":"Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on cerebral A(1) adenosine receptor availability: a PET study in patients suffering from treatment-resistant major depressive disorder","volume":"14","author":"Kroll","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108_bib11","first-page":"1301","article-title":"Anticonvulsant and antidepressant properties of electroconvulsive therapy: a proposed mechanism of action","volume":"18","author":"Sackeim","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.07.017","article-title":"Is seizure termination a key?","volume":"14","author":"Sartorius","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0121-2","article-title":"Non-alcoholic beverage consumption and risk of depression: epidemiological evidence from observational studies","volume":"72","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4619","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59900-1","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy generates a postictal wave of spreading depolarization in mice and humans","volume":"16","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["Brain Stimulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X26000859?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1935861X26000859?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T20:45:47Z","timestamp":1783025147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1935861X26000859"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935861X26000859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-861X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Just a caffeine-blocker? Questioning new proposed core mechanisms of ECT","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Stimulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2026.103108","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103108"}}