{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T16:35:55Z","timestamp":1776184555733,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DST\/TMD\/UK-BEE\/2017\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DST\/TMD\/UK-BEE\/2017\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Building and Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T03:59:17Z","timestamp":1628740757000},"page":"108232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Influence of ceiling fan induced non-uniform thermal environment on thermal comfort and spatial adaptation in living room seat layout"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"205","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1226-4276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinivas","family":"Tadepalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TK","family":"Jayasree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Lakshmi Visakha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sivapriya","family":"Chelliah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards an understanding of residential electricity consumption in India","author":"Chunekar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Build. Res. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib2","series-title":"India Human Development Survey-II (IHDS-II), 2011\u201312","author":"Desai","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2012.12.002","article-title":"A study about the demand for air movement in warm environment","volume":"61","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib4","author":"Raftery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2019.04.015","article-title":"Review of fan-use rates in field studies and their effects on thermal comfort, energy conservation, and human productivity","volume":"194","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7788(95)00940-X","article-title":"Thermal comfort and building design in the tropical climates","volume":"23","author":"Mallick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib7","series-title":"PLEA 2014: 30th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of air velocity preferences and satisfaction for naturally ventilated office buildings in India","author":"Manu","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.06.039","article-title":"Transient three-dimensional CFD modelling of ceiling fans","volume":"123","author":"Babich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib9","series-title":"Proceedings of ASME Heat Transfer\/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference","first-page":"1","article-title":"Experimental investigation of the flow field of a ceiling fan","author":"Jain","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib10","article-title":"The effect of opening windows on the airflow distribution inside naturally ventilated residential bedrooms with ceiling fans","author":"Jayasree","year":"2021","journal-title":"Build. Serv. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2019.03.040","article-title":"Ceiling fans: predicting indoor air speeds based on full scale laboratory measurements","volume":"155","author":"Raftery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib12","series-title":"National Building Code of India 2016","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib13","series-title":"ANSI\/ASHRAE Standard 55-2020\u00a0: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib14","series-title":"Windsor Conference 2020: Resilient Comfort","article-title":"Advances to ASHRAE Standard 55 to encourage more effective building practice","author":"Arens","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib15","series-title":"Ceiling Fan Design Guide","author":"Raftery","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib16","series-title":"CBE Fan Tool","author":"Raftery","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2015.04.003","article-title":"Human comfort and perceived air quality in warm and humid environments with ceiling fans","volume":"90","author":"Zhai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2009.06.005","article-title":"Air movement acceptability limits and thermal comfort in Brazil's hot humid climate zone","volume":"45","author":"Candido","year":"2010","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib19","first-page":"245","article-title":"Ceiling fans as extenders of the summer comfort envelope","volume":"89","author":"Rohles","year":"1983","journal-title":"Build. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2015.03.013","article-title":"A review of the corrective power of personal comfort systems in non-neutral ambient environments","volume":"91","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.06.027","article-title":"Selecting air speeds for cooling at sedentary and non-sedentary office activity levels","volume":"122","author":"Zhai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.07.021","article-title":"The influence of personally controlled desk fan on comfort and energy consumption in hot and humid environments","volume":"123","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2013.03.022","article-title":"Comfort under personally controlled air movement in warm and humid environments","volume":"65","author":"Zhai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2014.04.024","article-title":"Enabling energy-efficient approaches to thermal comfort using room air motion","volume":"79","author":"Pasut","year":"2014","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib25","series-title":"Study on the Influence of Air Velocity on Human Thermal Comfort under Non-uniform Thermal Environment","first-page":"196","author":"Song","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.03.013","article-title":"Thermal comfort and self-reported productivity in an office with ceiling fans in the tropics","volume":"135","author":"Lipczynska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.03.049","article-title":"Control behaviors and thermal comfort in a shared room with desk fans and adjustable thermostat","volume":"136","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2008.07.015","article-title":"Thermal comfort enhancement by using a ceiling fan","volume":"29","author":"Ho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2011.03.034","article-title":"Studying the features of air flow induced by a room ceiling-fan","volume":"43","author":"Bassiouny","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib30","series-title":"Detailed Measured Air Speed Distribution in Four Commercial Buildings with Ceiling Fans","author":"Luo","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.12.016","article-title":"Experimental and numerical investigations of indoor air movement distribution with an office ceiling fan","volume":"130","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.10.012","article-title":"Ceiling fans in commercial buildings: in situ airspeeds & practitioner experience","volume":"147","author":"Present","year":"2019","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108010","article-title":"Ceiling fans as ventilation assisting devices in buildings: a critical review","volume":"201","author":"Omrani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s12273-013-0144-5","article-title":"CFD study of the effects of furniture layout on indoor air quality under typical office ventilation schemes","volume":"7","author":"Zhuang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Building Simulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2014.12.015","article-title":"Numerical optimisation of thermal comfort improvement for indoor environment with occupants and furniture","volume":"88","author":"Horikiri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.08.029","article-title":"Ceiling fan air speeds around desks and office partitions","volume":"124","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib37","series-title":"Detailed Measured Air Speed Distribution in Four Commercial Buildings with Ceiling Fans","author":"Luo","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of heat loads and furniture on the thermal comfort of an isolated family house under a naturally ventilated environment","author":"Hawendi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Vent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/20198501010","article-title":"Influence of furniture arrangement on airflow distribution in open concept passive houses","volume":"85","author":"Sabie","year":"2019","journal-title":"E3S Web of Conferences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1177\/1744259118771314","article-title":"Assessment of the ventilation efficiency in the breathing zone during sleep through computational fluid dynamics techniques","volume":"42","author":"Hormigos-Jimenez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Build. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib41","article-title":"Thermal comfort. Analysis and applications in environmental engineering","author":"Fanger","year":"1970","journal-title":"Thermal Comfort. Analysis and Applications in Environmental Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2019.01.055","article-title":"Analysis of the accuracy on PMV \u2013 PPD model using the ASHRAE global thermal comfort database II","volume":"153","author":"Cheung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.106665","article-title":"Extending predicted mean Vote using adaptive approach","volume":"171","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib44","series-title":"IS SP 41 (S & T)\u00a0: Handbook on Functional Requirements of Buildings","author":"Bis","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib45","first-page":"165","article-title":"Determining equal comfort lines","volume":"20","author":"Houghton","year":"1923","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Heating and Ventilation in England"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-1323(86)90004-1","article-title":"Tropical summer index-a study of thermal comfort of Indian subjects","volume":"21","author":"Sharma","year":"1986","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1175\/JAMC-D-11-0143.1","article-title":"Wet-bulb temperature from relative humidity and air temperature","volume":"50","author":"Stull","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib48","series-title":"ANSI\/ASHRAE Standard 55-2017\u00a0: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2020.100563","article-title":"CBE Thermal Comfort Tool\u00a0: online tool for thermal comfort calculations and visualizations","volume":"12","author":"Tartarini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib50","first-page":"302","article-title":"Control of heat casualities at military centres","volume":"16","author":"Yaglou","year":"1957","journal-title":"AMA Archives of Industrial Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib51","series-title":"The Assessment of Human Bioclimate- A Limited Review of Physical Parameters","author":"Landsberrg","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib52","series-title":"Humidex: a Method of Quantifying Human Discomfort Due to Excessive Heat and Humidity","author":"Masterton","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib53","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spatial uniformity of thermal comfort from ceiling fans blowing upwards","volume":"126","author":"Parkinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Build. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib54","article-title":"Assessment of air change effectiveness and thermal comfort in a naturally ventilated kitchen with insect-proof screen using CFD","author":"Tk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Green Building"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.06.037","article-title":"Detailed experimental investigation of airspeed field induced by ceiling fans","volume":"142","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232_bib56","series-title":"Exploring Occupant Behavior in Buildings","author":"Wagner","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Building and Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360132321006338?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360132321006338?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T08:56:35Z","timestamp":1759740995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0360132321006338"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0360132321006338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-1323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-1323","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Influence of ceiling fan induced non-uniform thermal environment on thermal comfort and spatial adaptation in living room seat layout","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Building and Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108232","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108232"}}