{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T05:10:44Z","timestamp":1779081044626,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Building and Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T18:03:44Z","timestamp":1666980224000},"page":"109744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ventilation strategies and indoor air quality in Swedish primary school classrooms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"226","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7619-4436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanka","family":"Cabovsk\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6107-8336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Bek\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7044-0050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Despoina","family":"Teli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Ekberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8771-0416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan-Olof","family":"Dalenb\u00e4ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3865-3560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawel","family":"Wargocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1934-487X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theofanis","family":"Psomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6580-8911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarka","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6115","article-title":"Children's health and the environment: Public health issues and challenges for risk assessment","volume":"112","author":"Landrigan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.01.033","article-title":"Thermal comfort in educational buildings: a review article","volume":"59","author":"Zomorodian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.01.015","article-title":"Indoor air humidity, air quality, and health \u2013 an overview","volume":"221","author":"Wolkoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2019.04.046","article-title":"The relationship between classroom temperature and children's performance in school","volume":"157","author":"Wargocki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.106749","article-title":"The relationships between classroom air quality and children's performance in school","volume":"173","author":"Wargocki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12403","article-title":"The ventilation problem in schools: literature review","volume":"27","author":"Fisk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2015.03.006","article-title":"An assessment of indoor environmental quality in schools and its association with health and performance","volume":"93","author":"Haverinen-Shaughnessy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0668.2003.00153.x","article-title":"Indoor air quality, ventilation and health symptoms in schools: an analysis of existing information","volume":"13","author":"Daisey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.2004.00320.x","article-title":"Do indoor pollutants and thermal conditions in schools influence student performance? A critical review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Mendell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib11","unstructured":"ANSI\/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2019. Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. ASHRAE Atlanta, GA 30329, USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib12","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib13","series-title":"Rules for Building BBR 20. BSF 2013:14","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib14","first-page":"189","article-title":"Towards the definition of an indoor air quality index for residential buildings based on long-and short-term exposure limit values","volume":"19","author":"Renaud-Salis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Vent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.118420","article-title":"Identification of potential indoor air pollutants in schools","volume":"242","author":"A Becerra","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12222","article-title":"Assessment of ventilation and indoor air pollutants in nursery and elementary schools in France","volume":"26","author":"Canha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2016.07.002","article-title":"Indoor air quality investigation of the school environment and estimated health risks: two-season measurements in primary schools in Kozani, Greece, Atmos","volume":"7","author":"Kalimeri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib18","article-title":"Indoor air temperatures, CO2 concentrations and ventilation rates: long-term measurements in newly built low-energy schools in Sweden","volume":"25","author":"Simanic","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos11010081","article-title":"IEQ field investigation in high-performance, urban elementary schools","volume":"11","author":"Oldham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib20","first-page":"175","article-title":"Air stuffiness and air exchange rate in French schools and day-care centres","volume":"12","author":"Ramalho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Vent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2015.03.018","article-title":"Association of carbon dioxide with indoor air pollutants and exceedance of health guideline values","volume":"93","author":"Ramalho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.05.009","article-title":"Childrens' well-being at schools: impact of climatic conditions and air pollution","volume":"94","author":"Salthammer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib23","article-title":"World Health Organization. Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Global update 2005","author":"WHO","year":"2005","journal-title":"Summ. Risk Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib24","series-title":"WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants","author":"WHO","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.12.012","article-title":"The German approach to regulate indoor air contaminants","volume":"222","author":"Fromme","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib26","series-title":"WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines: Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.05.081","article-title":"Human exposure to NO2 in school and office indoor environment","volume":"130","author":"Salonen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.012","article-title":"Human exposure to ozone in school and office indoor environments","volume":"119","author":"Salonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12044","article-title":"Indoor aerosols: from personal exposure to risk assessment","volume":"23","author":"Morawska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.07.025","article-title":"Airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: the main routes of exposure","volume":"108","author":"Morawska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121\u2010131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.2010.00686.x","article-title":"Association between substandard classroom ventilation rates and students' academic achievement","volume":"21","author":"Haverinen-Shaughnessy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108534","article-title":"Quantifying indoor air quality determinants in urban and rural nursery and primary schools","volume":"176","author":"Branco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12802","article-title":"Indoor air quality and the associated health risk in primary school buildings in Central Europe \u2013The InAirQ study","volume":"31","author":"Szabados","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139870","article-title":"Indoor air pollution, physical and comfort parameters related to schoolchildren's health: data from the European SINPHONIE study","volume":"739","author":"Baloch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib35","first-page":"622","article-title":"Indoor and outdoor air concentrations of volatile organic compounds and NO2 in schools of urban, industrial and rural areas in Central-Southern Spain","author":"Tapia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2014.03.002","article-title":"Indoor environmental quality in school buildings, and the health and wellbeing of students","volume":"217","author":"Turunen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.2006.00439.x","article-title":"Current asthma and respiratory symptoms among pupils in Shanghai, China: influence of building ventilation, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and formaldehyde in classrooms","volume":"16","author":"Mi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib39","series-title":"Air Filtration in HVAC Systems","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib41","article-title":"State of the climate in 2021","volume":"103","year":"2022","journal-title":"Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib42","series-title":"Standard Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005816621522","article-title":"Measurements of air concentrations of SO2, NO2 and NH3 at rural and remote sites in Asia","volume":"27","author":"Ferm","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib44","series-title":"Indoor air e part 4: determination of formaldehyde e diffusive sampling method","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib45","series-title":"Indoor, ambient and workplace air e sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by sorbent tube\/thermal desorption\/capillary as chromatography e Part 2: diffusive sampling","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2004.10470999","article-title":"The Indoor Environmental Index and its relationship with symptoms of office buildings occupants","volume":"54","author":"Moschandreas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib47","series-title":"FoHMFS 2014:17. Folkh\u00e4lsomyndigheten","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib48","first-page":"79","article-title":"Seasonal variations of indoor air quality and thermal conditions and their correlations in 220 classrooms in the Midwestern United States, Build","volume":"157","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib49","series-title":"FoHMFS 2014:18. Folkh\u00e4lsomyndigheten","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12383","article-title":"Carbon dioxide generation rates for building occupants","volume":"27","author":"Persily","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib51","first-page":"221","article-title":"Air pollution sources in kindergartens","volume":"91","author":"Pejtersen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of IAQ 91 Healthy Buildings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108735","article-title":"CO2 emission rates from sedentary subjects under controlled laboratory conditions","volume":"211","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.106909","article-title":"Relationship between indoor and outdoor NO2: a review","volume":"180","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108791","article-title":"Investigation of the PM2.5, NO2 and O3 I\/O ratios for office and school microenvironments","volume":"179","author":"Kalimeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0668.2000.010004269.x","article-title":"Ozone in indoor environments: concentration and chemistry","volume":"10","author":"Weschler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12942","article-title":"Indoor ozone: concentrations and influencing factors","volume":"32","author":"Nazaroff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib57","first-page":"55","article-title":"Luftkvalit\u00e4t in Kindertagesst\u00e4tten (Indoor air quality in German daycare centers)","volume":"76","author":"Fromme","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gefahrst. Reinhalt. Luft"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib58","series-title":"Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for Selected Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the UK","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1510037","article-title":"Associations of cognitive function scores with carbon dioxide, ventilation, and volatile organic compound exposures in office workers: a controlled exposure study of green and conventional office environments","volume":"124","author":"Allen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."}],"container-title":["Building and Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S036013232200974X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S036013232200974X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T09:12:19Z","timestamp":1759741939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S036013232200974X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S036013232200974X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-1323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-1323","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ventilation strategies and indoor air quality in Swedish primary school classrooms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Building and Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109744","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109744"}}