{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T11:38:34Z","timestamp":1769859514478,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["burnsjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Burns"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,21]],"date-time":"2015-02-21T08:31:13Z","timestamp":1424507473000},"page":"1306-1314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Intentional burns in Nepal: A comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Bir Bahadur","family":"Lama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janine M.","family":"Duke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narayan Prasad","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Buland","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peeyush","family":"Dahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nara Devi","family":"Bariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Marston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilary J.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0300","series-title":"Epidemiological Study on Injury and Violence in Nepal","author":"Nepal Health Research Council","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0305","first-page":"2","article-title":"Injuries in Nepal\u2014a growing public health problem","volume":"5","author":"Joshi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fds102","article-title":"A systematic review of the epidemiology of unintentional burn injuries in South Asia","volume":"35","author":"Golshan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-200109000-00007","article-title":"Assault by burning\u2014a retrospective review with focus on legal outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Dorn","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-198803000-00011","article-title":"Self-inflicted burns","volume":"9","author":"Hammond","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2006.11.006","article-title":"The descriptive epidemiology of intentional burns in the United States: an analysis of the National Burn Repository","volume":"33","author":"Modjarrad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BCR.0000216301.48038.F3","article-title":"The epidemiology of intentional burns","volume":"27","author":"Reiland","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2011.12.028","article-title":"Epidemiology of burns throughout the World. Part II: intentional burns in adults","volume":"38","author":"Peck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013E31802C8878","article-title":"Suicide by self-immolation: comprehensive overview, experiences and suggestions","volume":"28","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2003.10.018","article-title":"Patterns of deliberate self-burning in various parts of the world. A review","volume":"30","author":"Laloe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-199307000-00017","article-title":"Self-inflicted burns [see comment]","volume":"14","author":"Squyres","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2004.09.019","article-title":"Psychological evaluation of self-inflicted burn patients: suicide or parasuicide","volume":"31","author":"Zor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e318219d16c","article-title":"A 26-year population-based study of burn injury hospital admissions in Western Australia","volume":"32","author":"Duke","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2009.04.016","article-title":"The epidemiology of burn injuries in an Australian setting, 2000\u20132006","volume":"35","author":"Wasiak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1027\/\/0227-5910.22.3.93","article-title":"Deliberate self-harm patients with alcohol disorders: characteristics, treatment, and outcome","volume":"22","author":"Haw","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e31817db963","article-title":"Deliberate self-harm by burning: a retrospective case controlled study","volume":"29","author":"Mulholland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BCR.0000150304.30777.C8","article-title":"Self-inflicted burns in Athens, Greece: a six-year retrospective study","volume":"26","author":"Tsati","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2004.03.019","article-title":"Intentional burn injury: an evidence-based, clinical and forensic review","volume":"30","author":"Greenbaum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-199103000-00011","article-title":"Self-inflicted burns: a ten-year retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"Daniels","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-199901001-00004","article-title":"Self-inflicted burn injuries","volume":"20","author":"Erzurum","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2004.01.020","article-title":"Self-inflicted burns: an eight year retrospective study in Finland","volume":"30","author":"Palmu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BCR.0000075970.36430.7F","article-title":"Predisposing factors for self-inflicted burns","volume":"24","author":"Pham","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-200301000-00005","article-title":"Epidemiological study of self-inflicted burns in Tehran, Iran","volume":"24","author":"Rastegar Lari","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(00)00159-5","article-title":"Assault by burning\u2014a reappraisal","volume":"27","author":"Ho","year":"2001","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1990.01410140146026","article-title":"Adult assault as a mechanism of burn injury","volume":"125","author":"Purdue","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2006.04.008","article-title":"Burns inflicted by self or by others\u2014an 11 year snapshot","volume":"33","author":"Malic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4179(93)90067-I","article-title":"Assault inflicted by hot water","volume":"19","author":"Duminy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2006.05.002","article-title":"Cases of chemical assault worldwide: a literature review","volume":"33","author":"Mannan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-199705000-00010","article-title":"Facial mutilation after an assault with chemicals: 15 cases and literature review","volume":"18","author":"Yeong","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0445","series-title":"Preliminary results of National Population Census 2011","author":"Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) [Nepal]","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0450","unstructured":"United Nations Development Programme. Human Development Report 2014. Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience. New York: United Nations Development Programme; 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0455","unstructured":"Refworld. Nepal Country Reports on Terrorism 2013: United States Department of State; 2014. http:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/536229d2b.html [accessed 02.09.14]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0460","unstructured":"Burns Violence Survivors-Nepal. Kathmandu: BVS-Nepal. www.bvsnepal.org.np [accessed 02.09.14]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0465","series-title":"Caste, Ethnic and Regional Identity in Nepal: Further Analysis of the 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, Calverton, Maryland, USA","author":"Bennett","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(02)00235-8","article-title":"Burnt wives\u2014a study of suicides","volume":"29","author":"Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2003.10.018","article-title":"Patterns of deliberate self-burning in various parts of the world. A review","volume":"30","author":"Laloe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(02)00047-5","article-title":"Self-immolation a common suicidal behaviour in eastern Sri Lanka","volume":"28","author":"Laloe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2011.02.011","article-title":"Self-immolation: socioeconomic, cultural and psychiatric patterns","volume":"37","author":"Poeschla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2009.06.212","article-title":"Epidemiology of hospitalized burn patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India","volume":"36","author":"Ganesamoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4179(93)90124-Q","article-title":"Burns in Madras, India: an analysis of 1368 patients in 1 year","volume":"19","author":"Jayaraman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2013.12.002","article-title":"Differences between intentional and non-intentional burns in India: implications for prevention","volume":"40","author":"Natarajan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-83","article-title":"Epidemiology of burn injuries in the East Mediterranean Region: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Othman","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2007.01.012","article-title":"Who attempts suicide by burning? An analysis of age patterns of mortality by self-inflicted burning in the United States","volume":"29","author":"Thombs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.8.6.418","article-title":"Attempted suicide in South Asia women","volume":"8","author":"Bhugra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv Psychiatr Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2010.01.003","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of burns in Esteqlal Hospital of Kabul, Afghanistan","volume":"36","author":"Padovese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0525","series-title":"Analytical study on existing situation and legal provisions related to burn violence in Nepal","author":"Sitoula","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0530","unstructured":"Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights. Domestic Violence in Nepal. United States of America, 1998. http:\/\/www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org\/uploads\/nepal.pdf [accessed 04.09.14]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0535","unstructured":"Pradhan R, Shrestha A. Ethnic and Caste Diversity Implications for Development. Nepal Resident Mission Working Paper. Nepal, Kathmandu: Asia Development Bank, 2005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(02)00003-7","article-title":"Kitchen accidents vis-a-vis dowry deaths","volume":"28","author":"Sharma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0545","first-page":"754","article-title":"Women victims of self-inflicted burns","volume":"30","author":"Laloe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxg005","article-title":"Introduction: back to the future\u2014revisiting Haddon's conceptualization of injury epidemiology and prevention","volume":"25","author":"Runyan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2007.08.009","article-title":"Burns and injuries from non-electric-appliance fires in low- and middle-income countries Part II. A strategy for intervention using the Haddon Matrix","volume":"34","author":"Peck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2006.05.016","article-title":"An insight into burns in a developing country: a Sri Lankan experience","volume":"120","author":"Lau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(02)00202-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and mortality of burns in a general hospital of Eastern Sri Lanka","volume":"28","author":"Laloe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2008.06.002","article-title":"Burn prevention mechanisms and outcomes: pitfalls, failures and successes","volume":"35","author":"Atiyeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4179(90)90140-R","article-title":"Burn prevention: the need for a comprehensive approach","volume":"16","author":"Linares","year":"1990","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(00)00021-8","article-title":"Domestic burns prevention and first aid awareness in and around Jamshedpur, India: strategies and impact","volume":"26","author":"Ghosh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0585","series-title":"Nepal Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Study 2008\/2009: Summary of Preliminary Findings","author":"Suvedi","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006_bib0590","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) [Nepal], New ERA, ICF International Inc. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Kathmandu, Nepal: Ministry of Health and Population, New ERA, and ICF International, Calverton, Maryland; 2012."}],"container-title":["Burns"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0305417915000078?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0305417915000078?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T00:17:19Z","timestamp":1566346639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0305417915000078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0305417915000078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-4179"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-4179","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intentional burns in Nepal: A comparative study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Burns","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.burns.2015.01.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}