{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T02:36:28Z","timestamp":1788575788535,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Burns"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T00:48:36Z","timestamp":1574815716000},"page":"213-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Corrosive attacks in the UK \u2013 Psychosocial perspectives and decontamination strategies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"C.J.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.L.","family":"Hodgkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.P.","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0005","series-title":"Breaking the silence: addressing acid attacks in Cambodia","author":"Cambodian Acid Survivors Charity","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0010","series-title":"A worldwide problem","author":"Acid Survivors Trust international","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0015","series-title":"Acid attacks in nineteenth century Britain","author":"Watson","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0020","article-title":"Assaults from corrosive substances and medico legal considerations in a large regional burn centre in the United Kingdom: calls for increased vigilance and enforced legislation","volume":"1","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scars Burn Heal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0025","series-title":"Combating acid violence in Bangladesh, India and Cambodia","author":"Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0030","series-title":"Home office briefing paper: acid attacks, CBP 8041","author":"Lipscombe","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0035","series-title":"The Poisons Act (explosives recursors) (amendment) regulations 2018","author":"The Home Office","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0040","series-title":"True scale of acid attacks hidden as victims too scared to come forward, police say","author":"Daily Telegraph Reporters","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0045","series-title":"Acid attacks on men related to gang violence, say experts","author":"Evans","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0050","series-title":"National strategic assessment of serious and organised crime","author":"National Crime Agency","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20360","article-title":"Gang involvement: psychological and behavioral characteristics of gang members, peripheral youth, and nongang youth","volume":"36","author":"Alleyne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aggress Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-200056767","article-title":"Cognitive ability as a factor in engagement in drug abuse treatment","volume":"31","author":"Katz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0065","series-title":"Poverty, broken homes, violence: the making of a gang member","author":"Muller","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1177\/088626098013003002","article-title":"Youth maltreatment and gang involvement","volume":"13","author":"Thompson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.73452","article-title":"Psychological issues in acquired facial trauma","volume":"43","author":"De Sousa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167211398138","article-title":"Dishonest deed, clear conscience: when cheating leads to moral disengagement and motivated forgetting","volume":"37","author":"Shu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167210376391","article-title":"Ingroup glorification, moral disengagement, and justice in the context of collective violence","volume":"36","author":"Leidner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr0303_3","article-title":"Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities","volume":"3","author":"Bandura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0095","series-title":"We investigate how easy it is to buy acid - and the result is terrifying","author":"Winchester","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/196827","article-title":"The ocular surface chemical burns","volume":"2014","author":"Eslani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0105","first-page":"1","article-title":"Acute chemical skin injuries in the United States: a review","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.04.005","article-title":"An easy way to remove solid chemical substances from skin","volume":"42","author":"Aykan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0115","series-title":"Total burn care","author":"Herndon","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2013.838628","article-title":"Water-based solutions are the best decontaminating fluids for dermal corrosive exposures: a mini review","volume":"51","author":"Brent","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2768018","article-title":"Dynamic analysis of chemical eye burns using high-resolution optical coherence tomography","volume":"12","author":"Spoler","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233712448112","article-title":"Skin decontamination: principles and perspectives","volume":"29","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol Ind Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2013.879660","article-title":"Water-based solutions are the best decontaminating fluids for dermal corrosive exposures: a mini review-letter to the editor","volume":"52","author":"Mathieu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3109\/15569521003661288","article-title":"Decontamination of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) splashes: promising results with Diphoterine in vitro","volume":"29","author":"Fosse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0145","first-page":"157","article-title":"Treatment of hydrofluoric acid exposure to the eye","volume":"8","author":"Atley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0150","first-page":"216","article-title":"An improved method for emergent decontamination of ocular and dermal hydrofluoric acid splashes","volume":"46","author":"Soderberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.04397.x","article-title":"Diphoterine for alkali chemical splashes to the skin at alumina refineries","volume":"49","author":"Donoghue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0160","first-page":"228","article-title":"Diphoterine for emergent eye\/skin chemical splash decontamination: a review","volume":"44","author":"Hall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/15569520701422030","article-title":"Diphoterine chemical splash decontamination solution: skin sensitization study in the guinea pig","volume":"26","author":"Mathieu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3109\/15569520903269122","article-title":"Safety of dermal diphoterine application: an active decontamination solution for chemical splash injuries","volume":"28","author":"Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-002-0743-5","article-title":"Use of lavage fluid containing diphoterine for irrigation of eyes in first aid emergency treatment","volume":"100","author":"Langefeld","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0180","first-page":"1","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of Diphoterine\u00ae for ocular and cutaneous burns in humans","author":"Lynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2017.02.013","article-title":"Is it time for a change in the approach to chemical burns? The role of Diphoterine\u00ae in the management of cutaneous and ocular chemical injuries","volume":"70","author":"Lewis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2017.11.023","article-title":"Response to \u2018chemical burns: Diphoterine untangled\u2019 by KS Alexander [Burns 2017]","volume":"44","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2017.12.007","article-title":"Response to \u2018response to \u2018chemical burns: Diphoterine untangled\u2019 by KS Alexander [Burns 2017]\u2019","volume":"44","author":"Alexander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2017.09.017","article-title":"Chemical burns: Diphoterine untangled","volume":"44","author":"Alexander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0205","first-page":"449","article-title":"Is there a delay in bathing the external eye in the treatment of ammonia eye burns? Comparison of two ophthalmic solutions: physiological serum and Diphoterine","volume":"23","author":"Gerard","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(02)00194-8","article-title":"Use of an amphoteric lavage solution for emergency treatment of eye burns. First animal type experimental clinical considerations","volume":"28","author":"Schrage","year":"2002","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-0034-3","article-title":"Emergency treatment of eye burns: which rinsing solution should we choose?","volume":"244","author":"Rihawi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200405000-00007","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, blind comparison between saline, calcium gluconate and Diphoterine for washing skin acid injuries in rats: effects on substance P and beta-endorphin release","volume":"21","author":"Cavallini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/15569520601013160","article-title":"Diphoterine for emergent decontamination of skin\/eye chemical splashes: 24 cases","volume":"25","author":"Nehles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2004.09.001","article-title":"Alkali ocular burns in Martinique (French West Indies) evaluation of the use of an amphoteric solution as the rinsing product","volume":"31","author":"Merle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burnso.2018.03.001","article-title":"The effects of the use of Diphoterine\u00ae solution on chemical burns in the Tarapur industrial complex, India","volume":"2","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Burn Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0240","first-page":"9","article-title":"The clinical efficacy of Diphoterine\u00ae in the management of cutaneous chemical burns: a 2-year evaluation study","volume":"28","author":"Zack-Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Burns Fire Disasters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0245","first-page":"263","article-title":"Efficacy of hexafluorine for emergent decontamination of hydrofluoric acid eye and skin splashes","volume":"43","author":"Mathieu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0250","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Experimental study about intra-ocular penetration of ammonia","volume":"22","author":"Gerard","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchas.2011.05.011","article-title":"Hexafluorine decontamination of 70% hydrofluoric acid (HF) vapor facial exposure: case report","volume":"19","author":"Siewe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Chem Health Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e149","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e31822240f7","article-title":"Seventy per cent hydrofluoric acid burns: delayed decontamination with Hexafluorine\u00ae and treatment with calcium gluconate","volume":"32","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0265","article-title":"A survivor\u2019s perspective of acid attacks in the UK: an open letter from Katie Piper","volume":"3","author":"Piper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scars Burn Heal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2005.08.027","article-title":"Psychosocial outcomes derived from an acid burned population in Bangladesh, and comparison with Western norms","volume":"32","author":"Mannan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.10.003","article-title":"Conceptual model of acid attacks based on survivor\u2019s experiences: lessons from a qualitative exploration","volume":"43","author":"Sabzi Khoshnami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000155282.48465.94","article-title":"Quality of life and facial trauma: psychological and body image effects","volume":"54","author":"Levine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199709000-00018","article-title":"Psychological sequelae of facial trauma","volume":"43","author":"Bisson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.03.006","article-title":"Mental health outcomes of burn: a longitudinal population-based study of adults hospitalized for burns","volume":"42","author":"Logsetty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.01.021","article-title":"A survey of burn professionals regarding the mental health services available to burn survivors in the United States and United Kingdom","volume":"42","author":"Lawrence","year":"2016","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.03.016","article-title":"Emerging from the trauma bubble: Redefining \u2018normal\u2019 after burn injury","volume":"42","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0305","first-page":"513","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence of gender-based violence in women and the relationship with mental disorders and psychosocial function","volume":"306","author":"Rees","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022891005388","article-title":"Mental health needs of crime victims: epidemiology and outcomes","volume":"16","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0315","series-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder","author":"National Institute of Clinical Excellence","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0320","series-title":"Grief counselling and grief therapy: a handbook for the mental health practitioner","author":"Worden","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e870","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.870","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for adults with visible differences: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Norman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Peer J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2015.05.002","article-title":"Acceptance-based exposure therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: a pilot study","volume":"46","author":"Linde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Ther"}],"container-title":["Burns"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0305417919300889?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0305417919300889?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T08:12:33Z","timestamp":1759651953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0305417919300889"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0305417919300889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-4179"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-4179","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Corrosive attacks in the UK \u2013 Psychosocial perspectives and decontamination strategies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Burns","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.burns.2019.06.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}