{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T15:12:07Z","timestamp":1778253127154,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Burns"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T18:07:51Z","timestamp":1774462071000},"page":"107982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The burden and characteristics of burn injuries associated with electronic nicotine delivery systems: A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8786-5246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Mokhtar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel Gabriel","family":"Cazenave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1610-5081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasem","family":"Alshemeili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8978-9225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna S.","family":"Vyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Curtis L.","family":"Cetrulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8191-8662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre G.","family":"Lellouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib1","series-title":"WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2030","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib2","series-title":"Preventing Cancer","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib3","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation","volume":"2025","author":"Lindson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305999","article-title":"E-cigarette use and adult cigarette smoking cessation: a meta-analysis","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2024.107943","article-title":"Association of cigarette and electronic cigarette use patterns with all-cause mortality: a national cohort study of 145,390 US adults","volume":"182","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib6","series-title":"Electronic cigarettes: Call to action","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2017-053759","article-title":"Potential deaths averted in USA by replacing cigarettes with e-cigarettes","volume":"27","author":"Levy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2020.02.009","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes and vaping associated pulmonary illness (VAPI): a narrative review","volume":"26","author":"Hage","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib9","series-title":"Outbreak of lung injury associated with e-cigarette use, or vaping","article-title":"Centers for disease control and prevention","author":"CDC","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916433","article-title":"Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI","volume":"382","author":"Blount","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1665936","article-title":"E-cigarette vapor amplifies neutrophilic inflammation and proteolytic EVs in response to LPS","volume":"16","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1191\/096032700682694233","article-title":"Effects of R-(+)-and S-(-)-limonene on the respiratory tract in mice","volume":"19","author":"Larsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.130454","article-title":"Comparative study of lung toxicity of E-cigarette ingredients to investigate E-cigarette or vaping product associated lung injury","volume":"445","author":"Yoon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1608478","article-title":"Explosion injuries from E-cigarettes","volume":"375","author":"Brownson","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298177","article-title":"Injuries from electronic cigarettes, and cigarette\/cigar-related paraphernalia, NEISS, 2012\u20132022","volume":"19","author":"Wiener","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000472","article-title":"The Unrecognized Epidemic of Electronic Cigarette Burns","volume":"38","author":"Ramirez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18332\/tpc\/94664","article-title":"Burn injuries caused by e-cigarette explosions: a systematic review of published cases","volume":"4","author":"Seitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tob Prev Cessat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins J.P.T., Thomas J., Chandler J., Cumpston M., Li T., Page M.J., et al., editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 1st ed. Wiley; 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119536604.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib20","unstructured":"Veritas Health Innovation. Covidence 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib21","unstructured":"American Burn Association. Understanding a Burn Injury. USA: American Burn Association; n.d."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108602","article-title":"A tool to assess risk of bias in non-randomized follow-up studies of exposure effects (ROBINS-E)","volume":"186","author":"Higgins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR-D-19-00099","article-title":"Methodological quality of case series studies: an introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool","author":"Munn","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBI Database Syst Rev Implement Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib24","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2017.01.008","article-title":"The Southwest UK Burns Network (SWUK) experience of electronic cigarette explosions and review of literature","volume":"43","author":"Arnaout","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.09.024","article-title":"Canary in the coal mine\u2014Initial reports of thermal injury secondary to electronic cigarettes","volume":"43","author":"Bauman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anplas.2019.12.001","article-title":"Thermal and chemical burns caused by e-cigarette battery explosions","volume":"65","author":"Boissiere","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann De Chir Plast Esth\u00e9tique"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib29","first-page":"ic9","article-title":"Injuries caused by explosion of electronic cigarette devices","volume":"16","author":"Colaianni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-018-0135-1","article-title":"Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) battery-related burns presenting to US emergency departments, 2016","volume":"5","author":"Corey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1237-4223","article-title":"Viel Rauch und sonst nichts? \u2013 Verbrennungsfolgen durch E-Zigaretten-Gebrauch","volume":"52","author":"Daniels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2019.05.037","article-title":"Analysis of electronic cigarette-related injury presenting to U.S. emergency departments, 2008\u20132017","volume":"57","author":"Dohnalek","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irab114","article-title":"Electronic cigarette-related injuries presenting to five large burn centers, 2015\u20132019","volume":"42","author":"Flores","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Burn Care & Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-025-02520-y","article-title":"Fake smoke, real fire: a retrospective single-center analysis of the underestimated risk of e-cigarette explosions and the typical burn patterns","volume":"137","author":"Freyst\u00e4tter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Wien Klin Woche"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/1460408617738812","article-title":"Electronic cigarette burns: a case series","volume":"21","author":"Gibson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2018.02.008","article-title":"Thermal injuries from exploding electronic cigarettes","volume":"44","author":"Hickey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2019.28.11.758","article-title":"Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement of e-cigarette burns: a single unit experience","volume":"28","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Thermal injury patterns associated with electronic cigarettes","volume":"7","author":"Jiwani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Burns Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2023.05.001","article-title":"E-cigarette explosions: patient profiles, injury patterns, clinical management, and outcome","volume":"37","author":"Kaltenborn","year":"2023","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irx015","article-title":"Too hot for your pocket! burns from e-cigarette lithium battery explosions: a case series","volume":"39","author":"Maraqa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.5355","article-title":"E-cigarette battery explosions: review of the acute management of the burns and the impact on our population","author":"Quiroga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.02.026","article-title":"Adolescent vaping-associated trauma in the western United States","volume":"276","author":"Russell","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s41038-016-0061-9","article-title":"Burns resulting from spontaneous combustion of electronic cigarettes: a case series","volume":"4","author":"Sheckter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Burns & Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.03.031","article-title":"Full and partial thickness burns from spontaneous combustion of e-cigarette lithium-ion batteries with review of literature","volume":"53","author":"Treitl","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-020-00263-0","article-title":"Burn injuries related to E-cigarettes reported to poison control centers in the United States, 2010\u20132019","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1291-1577","article-title":"Gefahr in der Hosentasche \u2013 explosive E-Zigarette","volume":"52","author":"Welter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2022-057495","article-title":"Risk and safety profile of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): an umbrella review to inform ENDS health communication strategies","volume":"33","author":"Asfar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002834","article-title":"Injuries associated with electronic nicotine delivery systems: a systematic review","volume":"89","author":"Vyncke","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.03.027","article-title":"Thigh burns from exploding e-cigarette lithium ion batteries: first case series","volume":"42","author":"Nicoll","year":"2016","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52766-9","article-title":"Thermal runaway prevention through scalable fabrication of safety reinforced layer in practical Li-ion batteries","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2024.03.036","article-title":"The economic burden of burned patients for hospitalization in Canada","volume":"50","author":"Chouinard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraf019.242","article-title":"613 Analysis of cost, patient charges and reimbursement at a regional burn center","volume":"46","author":"Malek","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/23242","article-title":"Using social media for the prevention of pediatric burn injuries: pilot design and usability study","volume":"5","author":"Batra","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01421-0","article-title":"The effect of rehabilitation education through social media on the quality of life in burn patients: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Rouzfarakh","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Inf Decis Mak"}],"container-title":["Burns"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0305417926001348?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0305417926001348?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T14:28:11Z","timestamp":1778250491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0305417926001348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0305417926001348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-4179"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-4179","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The burden and characteristics of burn injuries associated with electronic nicotine delivery systems: A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Burns","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.burns.2026.107982","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107982"}}