{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T04:42:55Z","timestamp":1791693775864,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004305","name":"Shahroud University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14030101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14030101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004305","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Burns"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:22:22Z","timestamp":1782919342000},"page":"108140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Combined effects of an ointment comprising Eisenia fetida oil, Valeriana officinalis, and zinc oxide nanoparticles on healing in a rat model of second-degree burns"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Tayebeh Sadat","family":"Tabatabai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahereh Sadat","family":"Tabatabai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1587-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Vaez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arian","family":"Ehterami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Atashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Semyari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6283-8181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2018.02.022","article-title":"Recent advances on antimicrobial wound dressing: A review","volume":"127","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00182","article-title":"Selection of appropriate wound dressing for various wounds","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-023-02135-x","article-title":"Antibacterial effect of copper oxide nanoparticles prepared by laser production in water against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli","volume":"19","author":"Abbas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.403-434.2006","article-title":"Burn wound infections","volume":"19","author":"Church","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"08","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793292023300050","article-title":"Antimicrobial and wound healing effects of metal oxide nanoparticles-enriched wound dressing","volume":"18","author":"Abbas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2017.26.1.5","article-title":"Burn wound healing: present concepts, treatment strategies and future directions","volume":"26","author":"Oryan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Wound care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2009.07.012","article-title":"Biological background of dermal substitutes","volume":"36","author":"Van der Veen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2005.08.023","article-title":"New technologies for burn wound closure and healing\u2014review of the literature","volume":"31","author":"Atiyeh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.09.018","article-title":"Burn injury: challenges and advances in burn wound healing, infection, pain and scarring","volume":"123","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357991772772","article-title":"The scientific basis for the reputed activity of Valerian","volume":"51","author":"Houghton","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/HNP.0000000000000118","article-title":"Valerian root and lemon balm extracts: a phytomedicine compound improves symptoms of hyperactivity, attention deficits, and impulsivity in children","volume":"29","author":"Ross","year":"2015","journal-title":"Holist Nurs Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2014.10.017","article-title":"Chemical composition of essential oils from the aerial parts and underground parts of Iranian valerian collected from different natural habitats","volume":"63","author":"Pirbalouti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81620-x","article-title":"Valerian and valeric acid inhibit growth of breast cancer cells possibly by mediating epigenetic modifications","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib14","author":"Bos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anal Phytochem Stud Val Val Based Prep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.22159\/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.22588","article-title":"Valeriana officinalis: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology","volume":"11","author":"Nandhini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Clin Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib16","first-page":"25","article-title":"Nutritional and medicinal properties of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) herb: A review","volume":"1","author":"Pilerood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2008.06.004","article-title":"Oxidative stress in normal and impaired wound repair","volume":"58","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phenolic profile, antioxidant and antibiofilm properties of Valeriana alliariifolia Vahl","author":"Duzguner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vegetos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-004-0761-3","article-title":"The role of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in influencing bioavailability of heavy metals in soils","volume":"40","author":"Wen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Fertil Soils"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24909","article-title":"Modulation of immune cum inflammatory pathway by earthworm granulation tissue extract in wound healing of diabetic rabbit model","volume":"10","author":"Elkhalifa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.104","article-title":"Identification of a novel collagen-like peptide by high-throughput screening for effective wound-healing therapy","volume":"173","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15062160","article-title":"Exploring the journey of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) toward biomedical applications","volume":"15","author":"Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13020279","article-title":"Methods for reducing the toxicity of metal and metal oxide NPs as biomedicine","volume":"13","author":"D\u0142ugosz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2043-6254\/aaa6f1","article-title":"Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle using insulin plant (Costus pictus D. Don) and investigation of its antimicrobial as well as anticancer activities","volume":"9","author":"Suresh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Nat Sci Nanosci Nanotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1600-y","article-title":"Tissue concentrations of zinc, iron, copper, and magnesium during the phases of full thickness wound healing in a rodent model","volume":"191","author":"Coger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2019.02.189","article-title":"Investigations on the antimicrobial activity and wound healing potential of ZnO nanoparticles","volume":"479","author":"Kaushik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Surf Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696-020-01343-7","article-title":"Adsorption, antimicrobial and wound healing activities of biosynthesised zinc oxide nanoparticles","volume":"75","author":"Batool","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Pap"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1395479","article-title":"Recent advances in molecular mechanisms of skin wound healing and its treatments","volume":"15","author":"Mamun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tkad047","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkad047","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming in skin wound healing","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Burns & Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_449_23","article-title":"The Effects of Lucilia sericata Larvae and Eisenia fetida Earthworm Extracts Either Alone or in Combination on Healing Third-Degree Burns in Male Mice","volume":"13","author":"Reisi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.09.049","article-title":"The identification of functional proteins from amputated lumbricus Eisenia fetida on the wound healing process","volume":"95","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed & Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14010111","article-title":"Tailoring of novel azithromycin-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles for wound healing","volume":"14","author":"Saddik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2006.00179.x","article-title":"Zinc in wound healing: theoretical, experimental, and clinical aspects","volume":"15","author":"Lansdown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.661217","article-title":"Investigation of angiogenesis and wound healing potential mechanisms of zinc oxide nanorods","volume":"12","author":"Hassan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2017.1390383","article-title":"Wound healing properties of PVA\/starch\/chitosan hydrogel membranes with nano Zinc oxide as antibacterial wound dressing material","volume":"28","author":"Baghaie","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biomater Sci Polym Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.12.021","article-title":"Design and optimization of process parameters of polyvinyl (alcohol)\/chitosan\/nano zinc oxide hydrogels as wound healing materials","volume":"207","author":"Khorasani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15030970","article-title":"Antimicrobial nano-zinc oxide biocomposites for wound healing applications: a review","volume":"15","author":"Pino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.020","article-title":"Antibacterial and wound healing properties of chitosan\/poly (vinyl alcohol)\/zinc oxide beads (CS\/PVA\/ZnO)","volume":"103","author":"Gutha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2025.103068","article-title":"Unlocking the potential of EXOs in regenerative medicine: A comprehensive review","author":"Tabatabai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib40","first-page":"1423","article-title":"Effect of Valerian Ligusticum Pill on angiogenesis after injury of cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats","volume":"51","author":"Gan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Yao xue xue bao= Acta Pharm Sin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib41","first-page":"451","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of the topical preparation of Valeriana wallichii and Achyranthes aspera leaves","volume":"26","author":"Khuda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pak J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13935","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c00317","article-title":"Promoted skin Wound Healing by tail-amputated Eisenia foetida proteins via the Ras\/Raf\/MEK\/ERK Signaling Pathway","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib43","first-page":"3","article-title":"Tissue extract from Eisenia foetida as a wound-healing agent","volume":"14","author":"Matau\u0161i\u0107-Pi\u0161l","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med & Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70172-P","article-title":"Effects on wound healing of zinc oxide in a hydrocolloid dressing","volume":"29","author":"\u00c5gren","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.02.022","article-title":"Antibacterial biohybrid nanofibers for wound dressings","volume":"107","author":"Homaeigohar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/36.4.297","article-title":"Purification of a novel antibacterial short peptide in earthworm Eisenia foetida","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Et Biophys Sin"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-005-4428-x","article-title":"Recent development of polymer nanofibers for biomedical and biotechnological applications","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal materials science materials medicine"}],"container-title":["Burns"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0305417926002925?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0305417926002925?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T20:08:31Z","timestamp":1790366911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0305417926002925"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0305417926002925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-4179"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-4179","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Combined effects of an ointment comprising Eisenia fetida oil, Valeriana officinalis, and zinc oxide nanoparticles on healing in a rat model of second-degree burns","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Burns","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108140","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108140"}}