{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:59:10Z","timestamp":1792083550502,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Burns"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T06:21:08Z","timestamp":1786429268000},"page":"108175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The burden of tobacco-free nicotine dependence in burn survivors: Acute complications and long-term morbidity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8278-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew Q.","family":"Dao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6720-8250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anika Y.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7956-2393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0063-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloise W.","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haig A.","family":"Yenikomshian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxwell B.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0961-2","article-title":"Burn wound healing and treatment: review and advancements","volume":"19","author":"Rowan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care Lond Engl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.12.003","article-title":"Long term opioid use after burn injury: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"132","author":"Jamal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.04.025","article-title":"Burn Injury and long-term opioid use","volume":"311","author":"Hammond","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib4","article-title":"Sepsis in burn care: incidence and outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Tedesco","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2019.1648208","article-title":"Management and prevention of drug resistant infections in burn patients","volume":"17","author":"Vinaik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13887","article-title":"Smoking increases the risk of postoperative wound complications: a propensity score-matched cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Fan Chiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18754973","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and cerebral blood flow in a cohort of middle-aged adults","volume":"39","author":"Elbejjani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab J Int Soc Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.6739","article-title":"Nicotine pouch and E-cigarette use and co-use among US Youths in 2023 and 2024","volume":"8","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib9","first-page":"262","article-title":"Review of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: their potential human health impact","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health Part C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S319727","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety profile of alternative tobacco and nicotine products for smoking reduction and cessation: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Zakiyah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawand J.J., Rizk A.A., Berg J., et al. Non-tobacco nicotine dependence is associated with increased postoperative pain and opioid requirement following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. Published online May 27, 2025:S1058-2746(25)00413-6. doi:10.1016\/j.jse.2025.04.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2025.04.011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuller Z., Chopra A., Thomas J., Oliver D., Fisher M., Abdo Z.E. Increased Postoperative Complications in Non-Tobacco Nicotine Users Following Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. Published online October 17, 2025:S0883-5403(25)01311-7. doi:10.1016\/j.arth.2025.10.032.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.10.032"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3630","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32178","article-title":"Non-tobacco nicotine use and complications in free flap repair in head and neck cancer","volume":"135","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib14","unstructured":"Race | Definition, Ideologies, Constructions, & Facts | Britannica. March 13, 2026. Accessed April 12, 2026. https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/race-human."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.003","article-title":"Association of nontobacco nicotine dependence with postoperative complications after distal radius ORIF: a retrospective analysis","volume":"50","author":"Ghilzai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-23-01053","article-title":"Non-tobacco nicotine dependence and rates of postoperative complications in total knee arthroplasty: a propensity-matched comparison","volume":"32","author":"DeShazo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib17","first-page":"sjaf151","article-title":"Non-tobacco nicotine dependence is associated with increased early postoperative complications following reduction mammaplasty","author":"Dao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib18","article-title":"Nicotine and vascular dysfunction","volume":"231","author":"Whitehead","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Oxf Engl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2013.0520","article-title":"The role of hypoxia-inducible factor in wound healing","volume":"3","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.121.317749","article-title":"Chronic E-cigarette use impairs endothelial function on the physiological and cellular levels","volume":"42","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3390\/ebj3010014","article-title":"Infection and burn injury","volume":"3","author":"Kelly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Burn J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091829","article-title":"The impact of tobacco cigarettes, vaping products and tobacco heating products on oxidative stress","volume":"11","author":"Emma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1281685","article-title":"Molecular and functional changes in neutrophilic granulocytes induced by nicotine: a systematic review and critical evaluation","volume":"14","author":"Brembach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12030345","article-title":"The complexity of the post-burn immune response: an overview of the associated local and systemic complications","volume":"12","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.976","article-title":"Systemic immune response of burns from the acute to chronic phase","volume":"11","author":"Osuka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acute Med Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2003.01655.x","article-title":"Evidence for the immunosuppressive role of nicotine on human dendritic cell functions","volume":"109","author":"Nouri-Shirazi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/186932","article-title":"The impact of chronic electronic cigarette use on endothelial dysfunction measured by flow-mediated vasodilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-023-02813-z","article-title":"E-cigarette effects on vascular function in animals and humans","volume":"475","author":"Daiber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pflug Arch"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.10.012","article-title":"Annual healthcare spending attributable to cigarette smoking: an update","volume":"48","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4057","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa460","article-title":"Effects of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and waterpipe smoking on endothelial function and clinical outcomes","volume":"41","author":"M\u00fcnzel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.121.000299","article-title":"Neurobiological mechanisms of nicotine reward and aversion","volume":"74","author":"Wills","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.12.030","article-title":"Nicotine and opioid co-dependence: findings from bench research to clinical trials","volume":"134","author":"Custodio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2016.1193511","article-title":"The co-occurrence of nicotine and other substance use and addiction among youth and adults in the United States: implications for research, practice, and policy","volume":"43","author":"Richter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abus"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2019.7.41661","article-title":"Nicotine gateway effects on adolescent substance use","volume":"20","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002458","article-title":"Chronic opioid use after surgery: implications for perioperative management in the face of the opioid epidemic","volume":"125","author":"Hah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13594","article-title":"Alcohol and opioid use, co-use, and chronic pain in the context of the opioid epidemic: a critical review","volume":"42","author":"Witkiewitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175_bib37","article-title":"Bi-directional acceleration of alcohol use and opioid use disorder","volume":"2019","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Drug Alcohol Res"}],"container-title":["Burns"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030541792600327X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030541792600327X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:27:19Z","timestamp":1792081639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S030541792600327X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S030541792600327X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-4179"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-4179","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The burden of tobacco-free nicotine dependence in burn survivors: Acute complications and long-term morbidity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Burns","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.burns.2026.108175","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108175"}}