{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T15:32:17Z","timestamp":1772811137054,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["337600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["337600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Victorian Cytology Service (VCS) Inc Ltd.","award":["ACTRN12613001207707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACTRN12613001207707"]}]},{"name":"Victorian Cytology Service (VCS) Inc Ltd.","award":["NCT02328872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCT02328872"]}]},{"name":"Roche Molecular Systems and Ventana Inc USA"},{"name":"Diagnostic Medlab","award":["ACTRN12614000714684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACTRN12614000714684"]}]},{"name":"Roche Molecular Systems"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001102","name":"Cancer Council NSW","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T09:29:55Z","timestamp":1530610195000},"page":"162-169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hormonal contraceptive use and smoking as risk factors for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in unvaccinated women aged 30\u201344 years: A case-control study in New South Wales, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Huilan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Egger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louiza S.","family":"Velentzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dianne L.","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Banks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Darlington-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Canfell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Freddy","family":"Sitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0005","series-title":"Cervical Screening in Australia 2014\u20132015. Cancer Series No. 105. Cat. No. CAN 104","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70841-2","article-title":"Assessment of herd immunity and cross-protection after a human papillomavirus vaccination me in Australia: a repeat cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Tabrizi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu370","article-title":"Fall in genital warts diagnoses in the general and indigenous Australian population following implementation of a national human papillomavirus vaccination program: analysis of routinely collected national hospital data","volume":"211","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.7.743","article-title":"Effect of human papillomavirus 16\/18 L1 viruslike particle vaccine among young women with preexisting infection: a randomized trial","volume":"298","author":"Hildesheim","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-114","article-title":"Type-specific oncogenic human papillomavirus infection in high grade cervical disease in New Zealand","volume":"13","author":"Simonella","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-0951","article-title":"Human papillomavirus types by age in cervical cancer precursors: predominance of human papillomavirus 16 in young women","volume":"18","author":"Porras","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.10.020","article-title":"HPV16 is associated with younger age in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and 3","volume":"124","author":"Baandrup","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(05)70273-4","article-title":"Carcinogenicity of combined oestrogen\u2013progestagen contraceptives and menopausal treatment","volume":"6","author":"CoglianoV","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0045","volume":"vol. 91","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0050","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking","volume":"83","author":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61684-5","volume":"370","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21493","volume":"118","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.11599","article-title":"Current contraceptive management in Australian general practice: an analysis of BEACH data","volume":"197","author":"Mazza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0070","series-title":"National Health Survey. First Results. Australia 2014-5. Cat 4364.0.55.001 Canberra","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3861","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0676-z","article-title":"Human papillomavirus 16\/18 seroprevalence in unvaccinated women over 30 years with normal cytology and with high grade cervical abnormalities in Australia: results from an observational study","volume":"14","author":"Velentzis","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0080","series-title":"Cervical Cancer Screening in NSW: Annual Statistical Reports","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0085","unstructured":"The Million Women Study. Questionnaires. http:\/\/www.millionwomenstudy.org\/questionnaires\/ (Accessed 5 March 2018)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0090","series-title":"When Cancer Crosses Disciplines","article-title":"Oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, and cancers of the female reproductive system","author":"Canfell","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0095","unstructured":"Screening to Prevent Cervical Cancer: Guidelines for the Management of Asymptomatic Women with Screen Detected Abnormalities. http:\/\/www.nhmrc.gov.au\/_files_nhmrc\/file\/publications\/synopses\/wh39.pdf. (Accessed 5 March 2018)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.5.749","article-title":"Private sexual behavior, public opinion, and public health policy related to sexually transmitted diseases: a US-British comparison","volume":"88","author":"Michael","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J. Public Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.5.964","article-title":"The use of fractional polynomials to model continuous risk variables in epidemiology","volume":"28","author":"Royston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0110","unstructured":"Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee, Australia. July 2017. http:\/\/www.pbs.gov.au\/industry\/listing\/elements\/pbac-meetings\/psd\/2017-07\/files\/human-papillomavirus-9v-vaccine-psd-july-2017.pdf (Accessed 25 February 2018)."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002388","article-title":"Cervical screening with primary HPV testing or cytology in a population of women in which those aged 33 years or younger had previously been offered HPV vaccination: results of the compass pilot randomised trial","volume":"14","author":"Canfell","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185332","article-title":"Projected future impact of HPV vaccination and primary HPV screening on cervical cancer rates from 2017-2035: example from Australia","volume":"13","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1375-9","article-title":"Transitioning from cytology-based screening to HPV-based screening intervals: implications for resource use","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147029","article-title":"The influence of hormonal factors on the risk of developing cervical cancer and pre-cancer: results from the EPIC cohort","volume":"11","author":"Roura","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2013.08.008","article-title":"Oral contraceptive use and cancer: final report from the Oxford-family planning association contraceptive study","volume":"88","author":"Vessey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1989.tb136389.x","article-title":"Sexual, reproductive and contraceptive risk factors for carcinoma-in-situ of the uterine cervix in Sydney","volume":"150","author":"Brock","year":"1989","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31001182","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001182","article-title":"Injectable and oral contraceptive use and cancers of the breast, cervix, ovary, and endometrium in black South African women: case\u2013control study","volume":"9","author":"Urban","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir560","article-title":"Combined oral contraceptive use increases HPV persistence but not new HPV detection in a cohort of women from Thailand","volume":"204","author":"Marks","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21750","article-title":"Persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in a population-based cohort of Danish women","volume":"82","author":"Nielsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0160","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Sensitivity of the cervical transformation zone to estrogen-induced squamous carcinogenesis","volume":"60","author":"Elson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.7.2930","article-title":"Chronic estrogen-induced cervical and vaginal squamous carcinogenesis in human papillomavirus type 16 transgenic mice","volume":"93","author":"Arbeit","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-9-24","article-title":"MDM2 polymorphism associated with the development of cervical lesions in women infected with human papillomavirus and using of oral contraceptives","volume":"9","author":"Amaral","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Agent Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.06.016","article-title":"An interleukin-10 gene polymorphism associated with the development of cervical lesions in women infected with human papillomavirus and using oral contraceptives","volume":"19","author":"Chagas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28666","article-title":"Smoking as a major risk factor for cervical cancer and pre-cancer: results from the EPIC cohort","volume":"135","author":"Roura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19960126)65:3<338::AID-IJC11>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Malignant transformation of HPV 16-immortalized human endocervical cells by cigarette smoke condensate and characterization of multistage carcinogenesis","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1159\/000331820","article-title":"Genetic damage in exfoliated cells of the uterine cervix","volume":"42","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Cytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000292372","article-title":"Tobacco smoking impairs the local immunosurveillance in the uterine cervix. An immunohistochemical study","volume":"39","author":"Poppe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet Invest."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29971","article-title":"Progression of HPV infection to detectable cervical lesions or clearance in adult women: analysis of the control arm of the VIVIANE study","volume":"138","author":"Skinner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020668232219","article-title":"Clearance of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: effect of smoking (United States)","volume":"13","author":"Giuliano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.02.002","article-title":"Lifetime cancer risk and combined oral contraceptives: Royal College of General practitioners\u2019 Oral contraception study","volume":"216","author":"Iversen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00212-0","article-title":"Endometrial cancer and oral contraceptives: an individual participant meta-analysis of 27\u2008276 women with endometrial cancer from 36 epidemiological studies","volume":"16","author":"Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies on Endometrial Cancer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."}],"container-title":["Cancer Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877782118302339?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877782118302339?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,20]],"date-time":"2019-10-20T04:41:02Z","timestamp":1571546462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877782118302339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S1877782118302339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-7821"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-7821","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hormonal contraceptive use and smoking as risk factors for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in unvaccinated women aged 30\u201344 years: A case-control study in New South Wales, Australia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cancer Epidemiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2018.05.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}