{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T22:26:32Z","timestamp":1787610392052,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA225520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA225520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007927","name":"University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007927","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92019D00027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92019D00027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92019D00028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92019D00028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92019D00029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92019D00029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92019D00030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92019D00030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL109282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL109282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL109284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL109284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL109301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL109301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL109315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL109315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL109319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL109319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01HL41642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HL41642"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01HL41652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HL41652"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01HL41654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HL41654"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01HL65520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HL65520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01HL65521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HL65521"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T06:37:59Z","timestamp":1626676679000},"page":"101978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cancer mortality in a population-based cohort of American Indians \u2013 The strong heart study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4031-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorothy A.","family":"Rhoades","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5364-8682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Farley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly M.","family":"Malloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyle G.","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6945-3743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tauqeer","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9207-8419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fawn","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Everett R.","family":"Rhoades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara V.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S312","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301635","article-title":"Period life tables for the non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native population, 2007-2009","volume":"104","author":"Arias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S303","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301798","article-title":"Leading causes of death and all-cause mortality in American Indians and Alaska Natives","volume":"104","author":"Espey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0015","first-page":"7","article-title":"Misclassification of American Indian race in state cancer data among non-federally recognized Indians in North Carolina","volume":"36","author":"Yankaskas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Registry Manag."},{"issue":"148","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0020","first-page":"1","article-title":"The validity of race and Hispanic origin reporting on death certificates in the United States","volume":"2","author":"Arias","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E197","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd10.130153","article-title":"Look local: the value of cancer surveillance and reporting by American Indian clinics","volume":"10","author":"Creswell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev. Chronic Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0030","first-page":"30","article-title":"Comparing cancer registry abstracted and self-reported data on race and ethnicity","volume":"44","author":"Atekruse","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Registry Manag."},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23724","article-title":"Methods for improving cancer surveillance data in American Indian and Alaska Native populations","volume":"113","author":"Espey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.053769","article-title":"Measuring the health status gap for American Indians\/Alaska Natives: getting closer to the truth","volume":"95","author":"Puukka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S295","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.301933","article-title":"Racial misclassification of american indians and alaska natives by indian health service contract health service delivery area","volume":"104","author":"Jim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32802","article-title":"Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, part I: national cancer statistics","volume":"126","author":"Henley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx030","article-title":"Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2014, Featuring Survival","volume":"109","author":"Jemal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S377","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301673","article-title":"Disparities in cancer mortality and incidence among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States","volume":"104","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0065","first-page":"11","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2013","volume":"63","author":"Siegel","year":"2013","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"10073","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30187-3","article-title":"Trends in premature mortality in the USA by sex, race, and ethnicity from 1999 to 2014: an analysis of death certificate data","volume":"389","author":"Shiels","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k3096","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k3096","article-title":"Changes in midlife death rates across racial and ethnic groups in the United States: systematic analysis of vital statistics","volume":"362","author":"Woolf","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0080","series-title":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Indian Health Service; Office of Public Health Support; Division of Program Statistics","first-page":"54","author":"Trends in Indian Health","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.01.014","article-title":"Premature mortality patterns among American Indians in South Dakota, 2000-2010","volume":"44","author":"Christensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgu020","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in cancer survival by neighborhood socioeconomic status in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries","volume":"2014","author":"Kish","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115757","article-title":"The Strong Heart Study. A study of cardiovascular disease in American Indians: design and methods","volume":"132","author":"Lee","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0100","first-page":"1551","article-title":"Association of diabetes and cancer mortality in american indians: the strong heart study","volume":"26","author":"Best","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1306587","article-title":"Cadmium exposure and cancer mortality in a prospective cohort: the Strong Heart Study","volume":"122","author":"Garc\u00eda-Esquinas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-0234-T","article-title":"Arsenic exposure and cancer mortality in a US-based prospective cohort: the Strong Heart Study","volume":"22","author":"Garc\u00eda-Esquinas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.5820\/aian.0903.2000.20","article-title":"Recruitment of american indians in epidemiologic research: the strong heart study","volume":"9","author":"Stoddart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res. (Online)"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0120","first-page":"51S","article-title":"Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults--the evidence report","volume":"6","year":"1998","journal-title":"National Institutes of Health, Obes. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1970.10488701","article-title":"Why stepdown procedures in variable selection","volume":"12","author":"Mantel","year":"1970","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27394","article-title":"Glycated hemoglobin and cancer incidence and mortality in the Atherosclerosis in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1990-2006","volume":"131","author":"Joshu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp127","article-title":"Total and cause-specific mortality in the cardiovascular health study","volume":"64","author":"Newman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0140","series-title":"Cancer Mortality Among American Indians and Alaska Natives: Regional Differences, 1999-2003","author":"Haverkamp","year":"2008"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S388","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301609","article-title":"Lung cancer deaths among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1990-2009","volume":"104","author":"Plescia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(01)00270-8","article-title":"Changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors among American Indians","volume":"12","author":"Welty","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Strong Heart Study, Ann. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1188\/20.CJON.107-110","article-title":"American Indians and Alaska Natives: Resolving Disparate Cancer Outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Haozous","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. J. Oncol. Nurs."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305703","article-title":"Rural-urban mortality disparities: variations across causes of death and race\/ethnicity, 2013\u20132017","volume":"110","author":"Probst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0031-8","article-title":"Smoking-attributable mortality in american indians: findings from the strong heart study","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3700","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29552","article-title":"Overall and central adiposity and breast cancer risk in the Sister Study","volume":"121","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2014.4977","article-title":"Optimal cutoffs of obesity measures in relation to cancer risk in postmenopausal women in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative study","volume":"24","author":"Heo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053916","article-title":"Obesity and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review of prospective studies","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0185","first-page":"783","article-title":"A prospective study of waist circumference and body mass index in relation to colorectal cancer incidence","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr398","article-title":"Body mass index, abdominal fatness and pancreatic cancer risk: a systematic review and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"23","author":"Aune","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665108006976","article-title":"Obesity and cancer","volume":"67","author":"Pischon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346748","article-title":"Effect of metabolic syndrome and its components on prostate cancer risk: meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Esposito","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"issue":"9612","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60269-X","article-title":"Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies","volume":"371","author":"Renehan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/291546","article-title":"Obesity as a major risk factor for cancer","volume":"2013","author":"De Pergola","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Obes."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70141-8","article-title":"Body-mass index and cancer mortality in the Asia-Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration: pooled analyses of 424,519 participants","volume":"11","author":"Parr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0220","first-page":"1695","article-title":"Obesity in relation to lung cancer incidence in African American women","volume":"24","author":"Bethea","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"9 Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(95)90316-X","article-title":"Obesity and cancer","volume":"44","author":"Deslypere","year":"1995","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2016.11.017","article-title":"Obesity is associated with long-term improved survival in definitively treated locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)","volume":"104","author":"Lam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0235","first-page":"1490","article-title":"Serum cholesterol level and mortality findings for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial","volume":"152","author":"Neaton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group, Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054242","article-title":"Total serum cholesterol and cancer incidence in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can)","volume":"8","author":"Strohmaier","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20100065","article-title":"Low cholesterol is associated with mortality from stroke, heart disease, and cancer: the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study","volume":"21","author":"Nago","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520480046038","article-title":"Serum total cholesterol and mortality. Confounding factors and risk modification in Japanese-American men","volume":"273","author":"Iribarren","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.081069","article-title":"Cancer and cholesterol: understanding the V-shaped association in patients with diabetes","volume":"179","author":"Ding","year":"2008","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153429","article-title":"Association of kidney disease measures with cause-specific mortality: the korean heart study","volume":"11","author":"Mok","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2012.11.007","article-title":"Proteinuria predicts 10-year cancer-related mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0617","article-title":"Association of albuminuria and cancer mortality, Cancer Epidemiol","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djm127","article-title":"Cancer mortality in the United States by education level and race","volume":"99","author":"Albano","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"10007","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00235-4","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease, cancer, injury, admission to hospital, and mortality: a prospective cohort study","volume":"386","author":"Smyth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.189258","article-title":"Blood pressure and risk of cancer incidence and mortality in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer project","volume":"59","author":"Stocks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001140","article-title":"Trends in cancer incidence among american indians and alaska natives and non-hispanic whites in the United States, 1999-2015","volume":"31","author":"Gopalani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117633","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk factors among American Indians. The Strong Heart Study","volume":"142","author":"Welty","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S404","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301654","article-title":"Geographic variation in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, age of onset, and stage at diagnosis among American Indian and Alaska Native people, 1990-2009","volume":"104","author":"Perdue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0305","first-page":"145","article-title":"Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Siegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28855","article-title":"United States colorectal cancer screening practices among American Indians\/Alaska Natives, Blacks, and non-Hispanic Whites in the new millennium (2001 to 2010)","volume":"120","author":"Johnson-Jennings","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0315","series-title":"Indian Health Service, Quality of IHS Healthcare: Performance Measures","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-18-1169","article-title":"Current prevalence of major cancer risk factors and screening test use in the United States: disparities by education and race\/ethnicity","volume":"28","author":"Goding Sauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.46.4.390","article-title":"Racial differences in ill defined cancer mortality in the United States and in the District of Columbia","volume":"46","author":"Schwartz","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02056.x","article-title":"Agreement between nosologist and cardiovascular health study review of deaths: implications of coding differences","volume":"57","author":"Ives","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301614","article-title":"All-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in western Alaska Native people: western Alaska Tribal Collaborative for Health (WATCH)","volume":"104","author":"Howard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e318219877e","article-title":"Variability in cancer death certificate accuracy by characteristics of death certifiers","volume":"33","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2016.02.006","article-title":"Differences in impact of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status on cancer stage and survival by level of socio-economic disadvantage and remoteness of residence-A population-based cohort study in Australia","volume":"41","author":"Tervonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2008.00260.x","article-title":"Exploring the epidemiological characteristics of cancers of unknown primary site in an Australian population: implications for research and clinical care","volume":"32","author":"Luke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.386","article-title":"Cancer of unknown primary: a population-based analysis of temporal change and socioeconomic disparities","volume":"109","author":"Urban","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.11.835","article-title":"Validity of cancer registry data for measuring the quality of breast cancer care","volume":"94","author":"Malin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S396","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301616","article-title":"Kidney cancer incidence and mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States, 1990-2009","volume":"104","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23044","article-title":"Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2004, featuring cancer in American Indians and Alaska Natives","volume":"110","author":"Espey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1081\/CNV-200055962","article-title":"Lifestyle factors, exposures, genetic susceptibility, and renal cell cancer risk: a review","volume":"23","author":"Moore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Invest."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0b013e32834962d5","article-title":"BMI and the risk of renal cell carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"McGuire","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Urol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2018.12.008","article-title":"Systematic review of modifiable risk factors for kidney cancer","volume":"37","author":"Al-Bayati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urol.Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2051-6","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and incidence of kidney cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"54","author":"Larsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0395","first-page":"702","article-title":"Diabetes prevalence among American Indians and Alaska Natives and the overall population--United States, 1994-2002","volume":"52","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.1.49","article-title":"Incidence of diabetes in American Indians of three geographic areas: the Strong Heart Study","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13050990","article-title":"Renal cell carcinoma health disparities in stage and mortality among american Indians\/Alaska natives and hispanic americans: comparison of national Cancer database and Arizona Cancer registry data","volume":"13","author":"Valencia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0410","first-page":"273","article-title":"Disparities in liver cancer occurrence in the United States by race\/ethnicity and state","volume":"67","author":"Islami","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31811","article-title":"State-Level HCC incidence and association with obesity and physical activity in the United States","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.08.024","article-title":"Risk of hepatocellular cancer in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"155","author":"Kanwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29498","article-title":"Projections of primary liver cancer to 2030 in 30 countries worldwide","volume":"67","author":"Valery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S439","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301690","article-title":"Prostate cancer deaths and incident cases among American Indian\/Alaska Native men, 1999-2009","volume":"104","author":"Hoffman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2014.68","article-title":"High-risk prostate cancer-classification and therapy","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0440","first-page":"e7","article-title":"Income inequality and treatment of African American men with high-risk prostate cancer","volume":"18","author":"Ziehr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urol. Oncol."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S432","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301720","article-title":"Breast cancer mortality among American Indian and Alaska Native women, 1990-2009","volume":"104","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"}],"container-title":["Cancer Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877782121000953?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877782121000953?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T05:30:00Z","timestamp":1761802200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877782121000953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["S1877782121000953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-7821"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-7821","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cancer mortality in a population-based cohort of American Indians \u2013 The strong heart study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cancer Epidemiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2021.101978","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101978"}}