{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:34:03Z","timestamp":1793021643005,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T23:43:49Z","timestamp":1722642229000},"page":"102630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Lead (Pb) in biological samples in association with cancer risk and mortality: A systematic literature review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Vagnoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Bortolotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saverio","family":"Checchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calogero","family":"Saieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Berti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Doccioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saverio","family":"Caini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib1","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 87: Inorganic and Organic Lead Compounds. Lyon, France, 2006."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib2","series-title":"Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals","first-page":"911","author":"Skerving","year":"2015"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-19333-5","article-title":"Systemic review of genetic and epigenetic factors underlying differential toxicity to environmental lead (Pb) exposure","volume":"29","author":"Cuomo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib4","series-title":"Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure","author":"Committee on Potential Health Risks from Recurrent Lead Exposure of DOD Firing-Range Personnel; Committee on Toxicology","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib5","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of lead (Pb) and its effects on human: A review","volume":"7","author":"Collin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater. Adv."},{"issue":"13-15","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2012.690327","article-title":"Assessment of immunotoxicity parameters in individuals occupationally exposed to lead","volume":"75","author":"Garc\u00eda-Lest\u00f3n","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1515\/intox-2015-0009","article-title":"Lead toxicity: a review","volume":"8","author":"Wani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Bernhard, A. Rossmann, G. Wick, 2005 Dec, Metals in cigarette smoke. IUBMB Life. 2005 Dec;57(12):805-809. doi: 10.1080\/15216540500459667..","DOI":"10.1080\/15216540500459667"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib9","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition, first revision. Online at: \u3008https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/96612\/9789241548496_eng.pdf\u3009 [last accessed 6th February 2024]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib10","unstructured":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Online at: \u3008https:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp\u3009 [last accessed 28th February 2024]."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-105786","article-title":"Cancer incidence among workers with blood lead measurements in two countries","volume":"76","author":"Steenland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104311","article-title":"A cohort mortality study of lead-exposed workers in the USA, Finland and the UK","volume":"74","author":"Steenland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-023-00528-y","article-title":"Trace elements in hair or fingernail and gastroesophageal cancers: results from a population-based case-control study","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4239","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14174239","article-title":"Association between Serum Level of Multiple Trace Elements and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk: A Case-Control Study in China","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108625","article-title":"Lead exposure and mortality among U.S. workers in a surveillance program: Results from 10 additional years of follow-up","volume":"177","author":"Barry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110325","article-title":"The association of blood lead level and cancer mortality among whites in the United States","volume":"110","author":"Jemal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143616","article-title":"Plasma metals and cancer incidence in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"758","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140360","article-title":"Blood Lead Levels and Cause-Specific Mortality of Inorganic Lead-Exposed Workers in South Korea","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11120-w","article-title":"The role of heavy metals in the development of colorectal cancer","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301086","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer risk and levels of trace elements","volume":"61","author":"Amaral","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17611","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-1914-5","article-title":"Connecting gastrointestinal cancer risk to cadmium and lead exposure in the Chaoshan population of Southeast China","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140200","article-title":"Association between blood heavy metals and lung cancer risk: A case-control study in China","volume":"343","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4066","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3943","article-title":"Blood lead levels and lung cancer mortality: An updated analysis of NHANES II and III","volume":"10","author":"Rhee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212340","article-title":"A case-control study of trace-element status and lung cancer in Appalachian Kentucky","volume":"14","author":"Unrine","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.62","article-title":"Excess lung cancer among workers exposed to lead","volume":"21","author":"Anttila","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3110","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33136","article-title":"Erythrocyte levels of cadmium and lead and risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma","volume":"147","author":"Deubler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081892","article-title":"EnviroGenoMarkersProject Consortium. Blood erythrocyte concentrations of cadmium and lead and the risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma: a nested case-control study","volume":"8","author":"Kelly","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233708100091","article-title":"Urinary level of nickel and acute leukaemia in Chinese children","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108681","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-29674-4","article-title":"Association between blood heavy metal concentrations and skin cancer in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2018","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500423","article-title":"Environmental exposure to trace elements and risk of cutaneous melanoma","volume":"15","author":"Vinceti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61005","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-26828-2","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of the association between heavy metals and pan-cancers associated with sex hormones in NHANES 1999-2018","volume":"30","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168816","article-title":"Breast cancer risk for the joint exposure to metals and metalloids in women: Results from the EPIC-Spain cohort","volume":"912","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160568","volume":"861","author":"Caini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-20439-z","article-title":"Possible role of lead in breast cancer - a case-control study","volume":"29","author":"An\u0111elkovi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112905","article-title":"Breast cancer and urinary metal mixtures in Mexican women","volume":"210","author":"M\u00e9rida-Ortega","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab204","article-title":"Metals and Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study Using Toenail Biomarkers","volume":"190","author":"Niehoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaa035","article-title":"Toenail-Based Metal Concentrations and Young-Onset Breast Cancer","volume":"188","author":"O'Brien","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-0263","article-title":"Urinary lead exposure and breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study","volume":"17","author":"McElroy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26969","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17608-x","article-title":"Lead (Pb) exposure from outdoor air pollution: a potential risk factor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia related to HPV genotypes","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14153079","article-title":"The Associations between Metalloestrogens, GSTP1, and SLC11A2 Polymorphism and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer","volume":"14","author":"Michalczyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib41","first-page":"285","article-title":"Assessment of essential and non-essential elements as risk evaluation indices in men with prostate cancer in Calabar South-South Nigeria","volume":"13","author":"Nsonwu-Anyanwu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Middle East J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138698","article-title":"Cadmium and lead implication in testis cancer; is there a connection?","volume":"330","author":"An\u0111elkovi\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141547","article-title":"Effect of plasma selenium, red blood cell cadmium, total urinary arsenic levels, and eGFR on renal cell carcinoma","volume":"750","author":"Hsueh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0670","article-title":"Lead, calcium uptake, and related genetic variants in association with renal cell carcinoma risk in a cohort of male Finnish smokers","volume":"21","author":"Southard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-022-03260-y","article-title":"Relationships of multiple metals exposure, global DNA methylation, and urothelial carcinoma in central Taiwan","volume":"96","author":"Hsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2016.12.016","article-title":"Relationships among DNA hypomethylation, Cd, and Pb exposure and risk of cigarette smoking-related urothelial carcinoma","volume":"316","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114049","article-title":"Exposure to multiple trace elements and thyroid cancer risk in Chinese adults: A case-control study","volume":"246","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111615","article-title":"A case-control study on the association of mineral elements exposure and thyroid tumor and goiter","volume":"208","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35787","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-06632-7","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction: how concentration of toxic and essential elements contribute to risk of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid cancer","volume":"26","author":"Rezaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2019.20.2.355","article-title":"Non-Essential Trace Elements Dietary Exposure in French Polynesia: Intake Assessment, Nail Bio Monitoring and Thyroid Cancer Risk","volume":"20","author":"Zidane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c07611","article-title":"Association of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the U.S.: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"57","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11020133","article-title":"Associations with Blood Lead and Urinary Cadmium Concentrations in Relation to Mortality in the US Population: A Causal Survival Analysis with G-Computation","volume":"11","author":"Laouali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6898","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186898","article-title":"Blood Lead Concentrations and Mortality in Korean Adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with Mortality Follow-Up","volume":"17","author":"Byun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"Pt A)","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib54","article-title":"Levels of a mixture of heavy metals in blood and urine and all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: A population-based cohort study","volume":"263","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.827121","article-title":"A prospective study of bone lead concentration and death from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer in the Department of Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study","volume":"120","author":"Weisskopf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-8-15","article-title":"Association of blood lead concentrations with mortality in older women: a prospective cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Khalil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7825432","article-title":"Advances in Understanding How Heavy Metal Pollution Triggers Gastric Cancer","volume":"2016","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167667","article-title":"The impact of toxic metal bioaccumulation on colorectal cancer: Unravelling the unexplored connection","volume":"906","author":"Bonfiglio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05642","article-title":"Correlation between blood levels of cadmium and lead and the expression of microRNA-21 in Egyptian bladder cancer patients","volume":"6","author":"Awadalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3109\/00365590903198991","article-title":"Lead concentration in the bladder tissue and blood of patients with bladder cancer","volume":"43","author":"Golabek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102550","article-title":"Cadmium in biological samples and site-specific cancer risk and mortality: A systematic review of original articles and meta-analyses","author":"Fanfani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114146","article-title":"Mortality of lead smelter workers","volume":"122","author":"Selevan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.52.2.73","article-title":"Cancer and occupational exposure to inorganic lead compounds: a meta-analysis of published data","volume":"52","author":"Fu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-8871-2","article-title":"Association between dietary lead intake and 10-year mortality among Chinese adults","volume":"24","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib65","article-title":"Environmental health and medicine education. Lead toxicity","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Assess. \u2013 Diagn. Tests Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib66","unstructured":"US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A Science-based Public Health Approach for Continued Progress in Reducing Lead Exposure. Online at: \u3008https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2017-01\/documents\/lead_a_public_health_approach_document_final_1-24-17.pdf\u3009 [last accessed 24th March 2024]."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2009.24.1.15","article-title":"Neurotoxic effects and biomarkers of lead exposure: a review","volume":"24","author":"Sanders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2018-0037","article-title":"Sources of lead exposure in various countries","volume":"34","author":"Obeng-Gyasi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.10.024","article-title":"Trends in Blood Lead Levels in the U.S. From 1999 to 2016","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2016.1157454","article-title":"Environmental lead and childhood blood lead levels in US children: NHANES, 1999-2006","volume":"72","author":"Benson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Occup. Health"}],"container-title":["Cancer Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877782124001097?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877782124001097?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T21:52:44Z","timestamp":1738446764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877782124001097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S1877782124001097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-7821"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-7821","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lead (Pb) in biological samples in association with cancer risk and mortality: A systematic literature review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cancer Epidemiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102630"}}