{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:12:41Z","timestamp":1793153561665,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T20:27:09Z","timestamp":1769113629000},"page":"102989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 4th Edition (ICD-O-4): An overview"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5849-4782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariana","family":"Znaor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7619-461X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Rous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle Goldman","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Jakob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Krpelanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2847-1440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harshima D.","family":"Wijesinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8672-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavitratha","family":"Puspanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian A.","family":"Cree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3248-7787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freddie","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilani","family":"Lokuhetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib1","series-title":"IARC Scientific Publications No. 95","article-title":"Cancer registration: principles and methods","author":"Jensen","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib2","unstructured":"Bertillon J. Classification of causes of death: adopted by the International Statistical Institute at the meeting in Chicago, 1893. Paris: Institut International de Statistique; 1893."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib3","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. Manual of Tumor Nomenclature and Coding. Washington DC, US: 1951."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib4","series-title":"Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology (SNOP)","author":"Skokie","year":"1965"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib5","series-title":"injuries, and causes of death. Sixth revision","article-title":"International statistical classification of diseases","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1948"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib6","volume":"1955","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1957"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib7","series-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 8th Revision","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib8","series-title":"International classification of diseases for oncology","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib9","series-title":"International classification of diseases: ninth revision","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib10","series-title":"International Classification of Diseases for Oncology","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib11","series-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. 10th rev","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib12","unstructured":"Council for the coordination of International Congresses of Medical Statistics. Symp on the geographic pathology and demography of cancer. Paris; 1951."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1948","article-title":"The evolution of the population-based cancer registry","volume":"6","author":"Parkin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib14","series-title":"Cancer Incidence in Five Continents","author":"International Union for Cancer Control","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib15","unstructured":"International Association of Cancer Registries. Available from: \u3008http:\/\/www.iacr.com.fr\/\u3009, accessed on 16\/09\/2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib16","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. CI5 Cancer Incidence in Five Continents [Internet]. 1965-2025 [cited 30\/04\/2025]. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/ci5.iarc.fr\/\u3009, accessed on 16\/09\/2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib17","unstructured":"Saracci R., Wild C.P. International Agency for Research on Cancer: The first 50 years, 1965\u20132015. The History of IARC. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer 2015. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/publications.iarc.fr\/Non-Series-Publications\/The-History-Of-Iarc\/International-Agency-For-Research-On-Cancer-The-First-50-Years-1965%E2%80%932015\u3009, accessed on 30\/04\/2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib18","series-title":"International classification of diseases for oncology","author":"Fritz","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib19","series-title":"Histological Classification of Tumours No21","article-title":"Histological Typing of Tumours of the Central Nervous System","author":"Zulch","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib20","series-title":"A Coded Compendium of the International Histological Classification of Tumors","author":"Sobin","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib21","series-title":"Abrege de codification des tumeurs figurant dans la classification histologique internationale des tumeurs","author":"Sobin","year":"1979"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib22","first-page":"391","article-title":"The World Health Organization's Histological Classification of Lung Tumors: a comparison of the first and second editions","volume":"5","author":"Sobin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Detect Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib23","first-page":"113","article-title":"Histological typing of breast tumors","volume":"30","author":"The World Health Organization","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19890301)63:5<908::AID-CNCR2820630520>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition","volume":"63","author":"Hedinger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19901115)66:10<2162::AID-CNCR2820661020>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"The World Health Organization's histologic classification of gastrointestinal tumors. A commentary on the second edition","volume":"66","author":"Jass","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib26","series-title":"World Health Organization. International Histological Classification of Tumours","article-title":"Histological Typing of Tumours of the Eye and Its Adnexa","author":"Campbell","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib27","series-title":"World Health Organization. International Histological Classification of Tumours","article-title":"Histological Typing of Kidney Tumours","author":"Mostofi","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib28","series-title":"SNOMED: Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine","author":"Pathologists CoA","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib29","unstructured":"WHO Classification of Tumours: Objective and Historical perspective. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/whobluebooks.iarc.who.int\/about\/objective-and-historical-perspective\/\u3009, accessed on 16\/09\/2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib30","unstructured":"International classification of diseases for oncology, 3rd ed., 2nd revision; 2019 [Available from: \u3008http:\/\/iacr.com.fr\/index.php?Itemid=577\u3009 accessed on 01\/05\/2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib31","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics 11th Revision [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/icd.who.int\/\u3009, accessed on 01\/05\/2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib32","unstructured":"World Health Organization Blue Books Online [Internet]. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/tumourclassification.iarc.who.int\/welcome\u3009, accessed on 01\/05\/2025."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/his.15325","article-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours: moving towards the sixth edition","volume":"86","author":"Giesen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-008-0762-6","article-title":"The role of cancer registries in cancer control","volume":"13","author":"Parkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00704-5","article-title":"Cancer survival in Africa, central and south America, and Asia (SURVCAN-3): a population-based benchmarking study in 32 countries","volume":"24","author":"Soerjomataram","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-01701-0","article-title":"Five ways to improve international comparisons of cancer survival: lessons learned from ICBP SURVMARK-2","volume":"126","author":"Andersson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib37","first-page":"1009","article-title":"Cancer surveillance research: a vital subdiscipline of cancer epidemiology","volume":"16","author":"Glaser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxx003","article-title":"A global cancer surveillance framework within noncommunicable disease surveillance: making the case for population-based cancer registries","volume":"39","author":"Pi\u00f1eros","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib39","unstructured":"European Network of Cancer Registries. ENCR Recommendations. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.encr.eu\/ENCR-Recommendations\u3009, accessed on 01\/05\/2025."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.11.032","article-title":"Evaluation of data quality in the cancer registry: principles and methods. Part I: comparability, validity and timeliness","volume":"45","author":"Bray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib41","article-title":"Planning and Developing Population-Based Cancer Registration in Low- and Middle-Income Settings","volume":"43","author":"Bray","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib42","volume":"VI","author":"Parkin","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib43","unstructured":"International Association of Cancer Registries. Support for registries: Check and conversion program Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2018 [Available from: \u3008http:\/\/www.iacr.com.fr\/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=68&Itemid=445\u3009, accessed on 01\/05\/2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib44","series-title":"TNM classification of malignant tumours","author":"Brierley","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib45","series-title":"AJCC Cancer Staging Manual","author":"Amin","year":"2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20910","article-title":"International Classification of Childhood Cancer, third edition","volume":"103","author":"Steliarova-Foucher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5837","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49944-0","article-title":"Molecular profiling of 888 pediatric tumors informs future precision trials and data-sharing initiatives in pediatric cancer","volume":"15","author":"Forrest","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30456-5","article-title":"Progress in cancer survival, mortality, and incidence in seven high-income countries 1995-2014 (ICBP SURVMARK-2): a population-based study","volume":"20","author":"Arnold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib49","unstructured":"SNOMED International. SNOMED CT Maps. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.snomed.org\/maps\u3009, accessed on 03\/01\/2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib50","unstructured":"Observational health data sciences and informatics (OHDSI). Standardized data: the OMOP Common Data Model. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.ohdsi.org\/data-standardization\/\u3009, accessed on 03\/01\/2026."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib51","first-page":"221","article-title":"OncoTree: a cancer classification system for precision oncology","author":"Kundra","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCO Clin. Cancer Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2025.105821","article-title":"Advancing cancer data collection: ICD-11 implementation in European oncology and cancer registries","volume":"197","author":"Trojanowski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib53","unstructured":"European Network of Cancer Registries. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.encr.eu\/\u3009, accessed on 16\/04\/2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib54","unstructured":"Ferlay J., Burkhard C., Whelan S., Parkin D. Check and conversion programs for cancer registries (IARC\/IACR tools for cancer registries). Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2005. Available from: \u3008http:\/\/www.iacr.com.fr\/images\/doc\/TechRep42.pdf\u3009, accessed on 03\/01\/2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib55","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development (GICR). Available from: \u3008https:\/\/gicr.iarc.fr\/\u3009 accessed on 01\/05\/2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/his.15340","article-title":"Global view of haematolymphoid tumor classifications and their application in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"86","author":"Fedoriw","year":"2025","journal-title":"Histopathology"}],"container-title":["Cancer Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877782126000044?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877782126000044?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T23:37:41Z","timestamp":1780097861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877782126000044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S1877782126000044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-7821"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-7821","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 4th Edition (ICD-O-4): An overview","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cancer Epidemiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2026.102989","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102989"}}