{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:31:00Z","timestamp":1793421060272,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:46:15Z","timestamp":1790293575000},"page":"103237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sex-based differences in disease-specific survival among patients with chondrosarcoma: A population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Hanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Abdou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4831-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Pae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2416-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Kamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4821-3382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Bryk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950101)75:1+<203::AID-CNCR2820751308>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Bone cancers","volume":"75","author":"Dorfman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23173","article-title":"Clinical outcome of central conventional chondrosarcoma","volume":"106","author":"Angelini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib3","unstructured":"R.C. Weinschenk, W.-L. Wang, V.O. Lewis, Chondrosarcoma, JAAOS - Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Publish Ahead of Print (9900)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198011000-00013","article-title":"A system for the surgical staging of musculoskeletal sarcoma.","volume":"153","author":"Enneking WF","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(82)90512-0","article-title":"Fifteen year radiotherapy experience with chondrosarcoma of bone","volume":"8","author":"McNaney","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2682","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21936","article-title":"Dedifferentiated central chondrosarcoma","volume":"106","author":"Staals","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100170619","article-title":"Multidrug resistance-1 and p-glycoprotein in human chondrosarcoma cell lines: expression correlates with decreased intracellular doxorubicin and in vitro chemoresistance","volume":"17","author":"Wyman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2147\/JBM.S70716","article-title":"IDH1 and IDH2 mutations as novel therapeutic targets: current perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Mondesir J","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Blood Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-3329-1-5","article-title":"Expression of aromatase and estrogen receptor alpha in chondrosarcoma, but no beneficial effect of inhibiting estrogen signaling both in vitro and in vivo","volume":"1","author":"Meijer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Sarcoma Res."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8028","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-1253","article-title":"Estrogen signaling is active in cartilaginous tumors: implications for antiestrogen therapy as treatment option of metastasized or irresectable chondrosarcoma","volume":"11","author":"Cleton-Jansen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jjco.a039439","article-title":"Histological factors contributing to favorable prognoses of soft tissue sarcomas in premenopausal patients","volume":"21","author":"Ohsawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880901)62:5<994::AID-CNCR2820620526>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Multivariate analysis for histologic prognostic factors in soft tissue sarcomas","volume":"62","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2019.1695064","article-title":"Female gender in the hormonally active age group plays a major role in high-grade chondrosarcoma survival","volume":"59","author":"Laitinen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib14","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute, Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program2021."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib15","article-title":"Patient demographic and socioeconomic characteristics in the SEER-Medicare database applications and limitations","volume":"40","author":"Bach","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib16","article-title":"Overview of the SEER-Medicare data: content, research applications, and generalizability to the United States elderly population","volume":"40","author":"Warren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01024-5","article-title":"Menopausal effects on presentation, treatment, and survival of women with non- small cell lung cancer","volume":"76","author":"Moore KA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197708)40:2<818::AID-CNCR2820400234>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Prognostic factors in chondrosarcoma of bone: a clinicopathologic analysis with emphasis on histologic grading","volume":"40","author":"Evans HL","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib19","article-title":"Menopause","author":"Peacock","year":"2023","journal-title":"StatPearls"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(98)00328-1","article-title":"Variation in survival of patients with head and neck cancer in Europe by the site of origin of the tumours","volume":"34","author":"Berrino","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(98)00339-6","article-title":"Variation in survival of adult patients with haematological malignancies in Europe since 1978","volume":"34","author":"Carli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(98)00329-3","article-title":"Survival of patients with oesophageal and gastric cancers in Europe","volume":"34","author":"Faivre","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03648.x","article-title":"Gender and cutaneous melanoma","volume":"136","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(98)00336-0","article-title":"Survival rates for primary malignant brain tumours in Europe","volume":"34","author":"Sant","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(98)00335-9","article-title":"Survival of adult patients with cancer of soft tissues or bone in Europe","volume":"34","author":"Storm","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440160051036","article-title":"The effect of female sex hormones on cancer survival: a register-based study in patients younger than 20 years at diagnosis","volume":"263","author":"Adami","year":"1990","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.11.008","article-title":"The advantage of women in cancer survival: an analysis of EUROCARE-4 data","volume":"45","author":"Micheli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20131","article-title":"Estrogen and its receptors in cancer","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198011000-00007","article-title":"The management of chondrosarcoma of bone","volume":"153","author":"Eriksson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4741-7","article-title":"Survival and prognostic factors in conventional central chondrosarcoma","volume":"18","author":"Fromm","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00416","article-title":"Chondrosarcoma in the United States (1973\u20132003): an analysis of 2890 cases from the SEER database","volume":"91","author":"Giuffrida AY","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2007-0237","article-title":"The clinical approach towards chondrosarcoma","volume":"13","author":"Gelderblom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B1.0840093","article-title":"Risk factors for survival and local control in chondrosarcoma of bone","volume":"84","author":"Fiorenza","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(83)80014-0","article-title":"Results of radical radiation for chondrosarcoma of bone","volume":"1","author":"Krochak","year":"1983","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896907306774","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptors in chondrosarcomas and enchondromas","volume":"16","author":"Grifone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib36","first-page":"43","article-title":"Male and female sex steroids: do they produce deleterious or beneficial effects on immune responses after trauma and hemorrhage?","author":"Angele","year":"1998","journal-title":"SURGICAL FORUM-Chic.- Am. Coll. SURGEONS"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1996.01430230068012","article-title":"Mechanism of immunosuppression in males following trauma-hemorrhage. Critical role of testosterone","volume":"131","author":"Wichmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."}],"container-title":["Cancer Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877782126002535?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877782126002535?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:59:55Z","timestamp":1793419195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877782126002535"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1877782126002535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-7821"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-7821","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sex-based differences in disease-specific survival among patients with chondrosarcoma: A population-based cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cancer Epidemiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2026.103237","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103237"}}