{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:40:42Z","timestamp":1790862042872,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,19]],"date-time":"2009-03-19T11:52:09Z","timestamp":1237463529000},"page":"24-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Epigenetic dysregulation of secreted Frizzled-related proteins in multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Jost","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gezer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Wilop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.G.","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Osieka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Galm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2007.08.004","article-title":"Genetic events in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma","volume":"20","author":"Chng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra072067","article-title":"Epigenetics in cancer","volume":"358","author":"Esteller","year":"2008","journal-title":"New. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.01.029","article-title":"The epigenomics of cancer","volume":"128","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.2174\/157018006776743251","article-title":"Targeting the epigenome in hematopoietic malignancies","volume":"3","author":"Jost","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lett. Drug Des. Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006369223282","article-title":"Wnt signalling in mammalian development and cancer","volume":"18","author":"Smalley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Metast. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1381","article-title":"Activation of the canonical Wnt pathway leads to loss of hematopoietic stem cell repopulation and multilineage differentiation block","volume":"7","author":"Kirstetter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3624","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.10.3624","article-title":"A role for the Wnt gene family in hematopoiesis: expansion of multilineage progenitor cells","volume":"89","author":"Austin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4132","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.13.4132","article-title":"WNT signaling modulates the diversification of hematopoietic cells","volume":"96","author":"Brandon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(03)00339-8","article-title":"Wnt breakers in colon cancer","volume":"5","author":"Clevers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305855101","article-title":"Illegitimate WNT signaling promotes proliferation of multiple myeloma cells","volume":"101","author":"Derksen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.287404","article-title":"Loss of APC in vivo immediately perturbs Wnt signaling, differentiation, and migration","volume":"18","author":"Sansom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.2741\/1307","article-title":"The WNT\/calcium pathway: biochemical mediators, tools and future requirements","volume":"9","author":"Kuhl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.2741\/1308","article-title":"Frizzleds: new members of the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors","volume":"9","author":"Malbon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-003-3165-x","article-title":"Wnt-Frizzled signaling to G-protein-coupled effectors","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094291","article-title":"Convergence of Wnt, beta-catenin, and cadherin pathways","volume":"303","author":"Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(99)80031-3","article-title":"Regulation of LEF-1\/TCF transcription factors by Wnt and other signals","volume":"11","author":"Eastman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01593","article-title":"A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells","volume":"423","author":"Reya","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01611","article-title":"Wnt proteins are lipid-modified and can act as stem cell growth factors","volume":"423","author":"Willert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2005.01.006","article-title":"The fundamental role of epigenetics in hematopoietic malignancies","volume":"20","author":"Galm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra023075","article-title":"Gene silencing in cancer in association with promoter hypermethylation","volume":"349","author":"Herman","year":"2003","journal-title":"New. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404176","article-title":"Preferential methylation of Wnt inhibitory factor-1 in acute promyelocytic leukemia: an independent poor prognostic factor","volume":"20","author":"Chim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-09-047043","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of Wnt-signaling pathway in acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"109","author":"Roman-Gomez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00623","article-title":"Secreted antagonists of the Wnt signalling pathway","volume":"116","author":"Kawano","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2007.10.004","article-title":"WNT5A, a putative tumour suppressor of lymphoid malignancies, is inactivated by aberrant methylation in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"43","author":"Roman-Gomez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4130","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-06-094870","article-title":"WNT5A is epigenetically silenced in hematologic malignancies and inhibits leukemia cell growth as a tumor suppressor","volume":"110","author":"Ying","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06702.x","article-title":"Preferential hypermethylation of the Dickkopf-1 promoter in core-binding factor leukaemia","volume":"138","author":"Suzuki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07242.x","article-title":"Epigenetic inactivation of secreted Frizzled-related proteins in acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"142","author":"Jost","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1330","article-title":"Epigenetic inactivation of SFRP genes allows constitutive WNT signaling in colorectal cancer","volume":"36","author":"Suzuki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/ng892","article-title":"A genomic screen for genes upregulated by demethylation and histone deacetylase inhibition in human colorectal cancer","volume":"31","author":"Suzuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403434","article-title":"DNA methylation changes in multiple myeloma","volume":"18","author":"Galm","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20295","article-title":"DNA-methylation analysis identifies the E-cadherin gene as a potential marker of disease progression in patients with monoclonal gammopathies","volume":"100","author":"Seidl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4589","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-03-0297","article-title":"The clinical application of targeting cancer through histone acetylation and hypomethylation","volume":"10","author":"Gilbert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-05-021162","article-title":"Results of a randomized study of 3 schedules of low-dose decitabine in higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia","volume":"109","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190701471981","article-title":"Decitabine and its role in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies","volume":"48","author":"Plimack","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2005.07.024","article-title":"Epigenetic treatment of hematopoietic malignancies: in vivo targets of demethylating agents","volume":"32","author":"Claus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-07-0010","article-title":"5-Azacytidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, induces ATR-mediated DNA double-strand break responses, apoptosis, and synergistic cytotoxicity with doxorubicin and bortezomib against multiple myeloma cells","volume":"6","author":"Kiziltepe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197509)36:3<842::AID-CNCR2820360303>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"A clinical staging system for multiple myeloma. Correlation of measured myeloma cell mass with presenting clinical features, response to treatment, and survival","volume":"36","author":"Durie","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9821","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.18.9821","article-title":"Methylation-specific PCR: a novel PCR assay for methylation status of CpG islands","volume":"93","author":"Herman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib39","first-page":"279","article-title":"Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction","volume":"113","author":"Galm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404939","article-title":"Epigenetic dysregulation of Wnt signaling pathway in multiple myeloma","volume":"21","author":"Chim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.026096","article-title":"Beyond Wnt inhibition: new functions of secreted Frizzled-related proteins in development and disease","volume":"121","author":"Bovolenta","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.1.244","article-title":"p16(INK4a) and p15(INK4b) gene methylations in plasma cells from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance","volume":"98","author":"Guillerm","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/01.coc.0000045810.91816.41","article-title":"Ki-67 proliferation index: correlation with prognostic parameters and outcome in multiple myeloma","volume":"27","author":"Alexandrakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11072","article-title":"A review of the cytokine network in multiple myeloma: diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications","volume":"97","author":"Lauta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8652(200010)65:2<132::AID-AJH7>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"High serum lactate dehydrogenase level predicts short survival after vincristine-doxorubicin-dexamethasone (VAD) salvage for refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"65","author":"Suguro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06835","article-title":"Cutaneous cancer stem cell maintenance is dependent on beta-catenin signalling","volume":"452","author":"Malanchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-2531","article-title":"Genome-wide transcriptional response to 5-aza-2\u2032-deoxycytidine and trichostatin a in multiple myeloma cells","volume":"68","author":"Heller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.12261","article-title":"The effect of azacitidine on interleukin-6 signaling and nuclear factor-kappaB activation and its in vitro and in vivo activity against multiple myeloma","volume":"93","author":"Khong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-5172","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition inhibits c-Met kinase activity and Wnt activity in colon cancer","volume":"68","author":"Tuynman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-07-2063","article-title":"A small-molecule inhibitor of Tcf\/beta-catenin signaling down-regulates PPARgamma and PPARdelta activities","volume":"7","author":"Handeli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5171","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-02-139212","article-title":"Constitutive activation of the Wnt canonical pathway in mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"112","author":"Gelebart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V100.8.2957","article-title":"Demethylation of a hypermethylated P15\/INK4B gene in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome by 5-aza-2\u2032-deoxycytidine (decitabine) treatment","volume":"100","author":"Daskalakis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6361","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-0080","article-title":"Combined DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibition in the treatment of myeloid neoplasms","volume":"66","author":"Gore","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5495","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-2385","article-title":"DNA methylation changes after 5-aza-2\u2032-deoxycytidine therapy in patients with leukemia","volume":"66","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-03-0954","article-title":"Promoter hypermethylation of cancer-related genes: a strong independent prognostic factor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"104","author":"Roman-Gomez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.694","article-title":"Hypermethylation of gene promoters in hematological neoplasia","volume":"20","author":"Chim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Cancer Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304383509000871?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304383509000871?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T23:27:51Z","timestamp":1589671671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304383509000871"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0304383509000871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-3835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-3835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}}}