{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:56:24Z","timestamp":1791597384095,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:14:25Z","timestamp":1772151265000},"page":"218382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Immunotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: current status, challenges and future strategies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"645","author":[{"given":"Jin-Shan","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Ya","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang-Jian","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Xuan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu-Tong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He-Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0183-144X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Fang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib1","article-title":"Combined treatment of small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates","volume":"182","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharm. Biomed. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-24-0286","article-title":"Chromothripsis-mediated small cell lung carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Rekhtman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.0560","article-title":"Small cell lung cancer: a review","volume":"333","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-025-01690-6","article-title":"Current and future therapies for small cell lung carcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Zhai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-025-01035-9","article-title":"The next generation of immunotherapies for lung cancers","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01055","article-title":"Updated overall survival and PD-L1 subgroup analysis of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer treated with atezolizumab, carboplatin, and etoposide (IMpower133)","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. : Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00224-8","article-title":"Adebrelimab or placebo plus carboplatin and etoposide as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CAPSTONE-1): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.16464","article-title":"Effect of first-line serplulimab vs placebo added to chemotherapy on survival in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: the ASTRUM-005 randomized clinical trial","volume":"328","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.5019","article-title":"Toripalimab plus chemotherapy as a first-line therapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: the phase 3 EXTENTORCH randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.03.008","article-title":"Tislelizumab plus platinum and etoposide versus placebo plus platinum and etoposide as first-line treatment for extensive-stage SCLC (RATIONALE-312): a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, phase 3 clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol. : Off. Publ. Int. Assoc. Study Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30539-8","article-title":"Durvalumab, with or without tremelimumab, plus platinum-etoposide versus platinum-etoposide alone in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): updated results from a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"22","author":"Goldman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03132-1","article-title":"Benmelstobart, anlotinib and chemotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial","volume":"30","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2022.03.009","article-title":"Ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in the tumor microenvironment: perspectives for immunotherapy of SCLC","volume":"86","author":"Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01581-2","article-title":"Dual blockade immunotherapy targeting PD-1\/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in lung cancer","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2022.2056","article-title":"Current understanding of cytotoxic T lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) signaling in T-Cell biology and disease therapy","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-01987-7","article-title":"Regulatory mechanisms of immune checkpoints PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in cancer","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. : CR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02325-5","article-title":"Dual roles and therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor microenvironments","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01559-0","article-title":"Deciphering the performance of macrophages in tumour microenvironment: a call for precision immunotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Toledo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.09.026","article-title":"PD-L1: from cancer immunotherapy to therapeutic implications in multiple disorders","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. : J. Am. Soc. Gene Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade4186","article-title":"PD-L1 methylation restricts PD-L1\/PD-1 interactions to control cancer immune surveillance","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30098-5","article-title":"Nivolumab alone and nivolumab plus ipilimumab in recurrent small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 032): a multicentre, open-label, phase 1\/2 trial","volume":"17","author":"Antonia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.10.004","article-title":"Nivolumab monotherapy and Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in recurrent small cell lung cancer: results from the CheckMate 032 randomized cohort","volume":"15","author":"Ready","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol. : Off. Publ. Int. Assoc. Study Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11709-1","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy and safety between PD-1 inhibitors and PD-L1 inhibitors plus platinum-etoposide as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a multicenter, real-world analysis","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-2034","article-title":"Radiotherapy and immunotherapy for cancer: from \"Systemic\" to \"Multisite\"","volume":"26","author":"Arina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res. : Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2020-0289","article-title":"Unconventional radiotherapy to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in bulky tumors: a case report","volume":"13","author":"Massaccesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abl9330","article-title":"ATR-mediated CD47 and PD-L1 up-regulation restricts radiotherapy-induced immune priming and abscopal responses in colorectal cancer","volume":"7","author":"Hsieh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.01.006","article-title":"Lighting up the tumor fire with low-dose irradiation","volume":"43","author":"Herrera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01332-8","article-title":"Hypoxic microenvironment in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2025.06.3872","article-title":"Low-dose radiation therapy concurrent with atezolizumab and chemotherapy as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: 3-year follow-up of a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial (MATCH)","volume":"124","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2021-0050","article-title":"Abscopal effect of radiation therapy and nivolumab in a patient with combined small-cell lung cancer: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10144","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis","volume":"473","author":"Carmeliet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9110735","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species in cancer progression: molecular mechanisms and recent advancements","volume":"9","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.70958","article-title":"VEGF\/VEGFR-Targeted therapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: targeting the tumor microenvironment","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib34","first-page":"59","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01957-3","article-title":"Sintilimab combined with anlotinib and chemotherapy as second-line or later therapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a phase II clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.10.002","article-title":"Camrelizumab plus apatinib in extensive-stage SCLC (PASSION): a multicenter, two-stage, phase 2 trial","volume":"16","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol. : Off. Publ. Int. Assoc. Study Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02153-7","article-title":"Induction chemotherapy followed by camrelizumab plus apatinib and chemotherapy as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a multicenter, single-arm trial","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010694","article-title":"Carboplatin, etoposide, atezolizumab, and bevacizumab in the first-line treatment of patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer: the GOIRC-01-2019 CeLEBrATE study","volume":"13","author":"Lamberti","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-008574","article-title":"Correlation of k(trans) derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with treatment response and survival in locally advanced NSCLC patients undergoing induction immunochemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.217241","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors rechallenge in non-small cell lung cancer: current evidence and future directions","volume":"604","author":"Gang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4991","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S525481","article-title":"Feasibility and safety of anlotinib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with previously immunotherapy-treated extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a retrospective exploratory study","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00235-0","article-title":"Small-cell lung cancer","volume":"7","author":"Rudin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06110-6","article-title":"Stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment: accomplices of tumor progression?","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2023.216239","article-title":"Tackling the current dilemma of immunotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a promising strategy of combining with radiotherapy","volume":"565","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0540-1","article-title":"Expression and clinical significance of PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4 and TILs in human small cell lung cancer (SCLC)","volume":"7","author":"Carvajal-Hausdorf","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E928","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27613","article-title":"Small cell lung cancer tumour cells induce regulatory T lymphocytes, and patient survival correlates negatively with FOXP3+ cells in tumour infiltrate","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01569-z","article-title":"LAG-3 as the third checkpoint inhibitor","volume":"24","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00267-6","article-title":"TIM-3 teams up with PD-1 in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms and perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-025-03985-6","article-title":"Exploring the role of TIGIT in patients with small cell lung cancer as a novel predictor of prognosis and immunotherapy response","volume":"74","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother. : CII"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.01.001","article-title":"Tumor- and circulating-free DNA methylation identifies clinically relevant small cell lung cancer subtypes","volume":"42","author":"Heeke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02014-x","article-title":"Molecular classification and biomarkers of outcome with immunotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: analyses of the CASPIAN phase 3 study","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.08.763","article-title":"Molecular subtypes of primary SCLC tumors and their associations with neuroendocrine and therapeutic markers","volume":"17","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol. : Off. Publ. Int. Assoc. Study Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib53","first-page":"620","article-title":"Clinical insights into small cell lung cancer: tumor heterogeneity, diagnosis, therapy, and future directions","volume":"73","author":"Megyesfalvi","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-024-00703-x","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial proteo-transcriptomic profiling reveals immune infiltration heterogeneity associated with neuroendocrine features in small cell lung cancer","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib55","first-page":"522","article-title":"Advances in novel molecular typing and precise treatment strategies for small cell lung cancer","volume":"33","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer Res. Chung-Kuo Yen Cheng Yen Chiu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.01.010","article-title":"Immune heterogeneity in small-cell lung cancer and vulnerability to immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"42","author":"Nabet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib57","article-title":"Spatial transcriptome-wide profiling of small cell lung cancer reveals intra-tumoral molecular and subtype heterogeneity","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/gpbjnl\/qzae033","article-title":"Proteomic stratification of prognosis and treatment options for small cell lung cancer","volume":"22","author":"Huo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genom. Proteom. Bioinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4551","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-1128","article-title":"Inhibition of LSD1 with bomedemstat sensitizes small cell lung cancer to immune checkpoint blockade and T-Cell killing","volume":"28","author":"Hiatt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res. : Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.05.014","article-title":"Targeting lysine-specific demethylase 1 rescues major histocompatibility complex class I antigen presentation and overcomes programmed death-ligand 1 blockade resistance in SCLC","volume":"17","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol. : Off. Publ. Int. Assoc. Study Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-1943","article-title":"Activation of PI3K\/AKT pathway is a potential mechanism of treatment resistance in small cell lung cancer","volume":"28","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res. : Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-008-0654-7","article-title":"Synthesis of sialyl Lewis(a) (sLe (a), CA19-9) and construction of an immunogenic sLe(a) vaccine","volume":"58","author":"Ragupathi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother. : CII"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2872","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-1159","article-title":"Facts and hopes on cancer immunotherapy for small cell lung cancer","volume":"30","author":"Zugazagoitia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res. : Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01723-z","article-title":"CAR-cell therapy in the era of solid tumor treatment: current challenges and emerging therapeutic advances","volume":"22","author":"Maalej","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-025-00803-0","article-title":"Challenges of small cell lung cancer heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity","volume":"25","author":"Simpson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib66","article-title":"Targeting the Notch signaling pathway and the Notch ligand, DLL3, in small cell lung cancer","volume":"159","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharm. Biomed. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI166028","article-title":"IL-18-secreting CAR T cells targeting DLL3 are highly effective in small cell lung cancer models","volume":"133","author":"Jaspers","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13776","article-title":"TREM1\/DAP12 based novel multiple chain CAR-T cells targeting DLL3 show robust anti-tumour efficacy for small cell lung cancer","volume":"172","author":"Nie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0745-2","article-title":"DLL3: an emerging target in small cell lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Owen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00459-7","article-title":"CAR-T cell therapy: current limitations and potential strategies","volume":"11","author":"Sterner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06243-w","article-title":"CAR T therapy beyond cancer: the evolution of a living drug","volume":"619","author":"Baker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211509","article-title":"Magnetic-acoustic sequentially actuated CAR T cell microrobots for precision navigation and in situ antitumor immunoactivation","volume":"35","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0417-8","article-title":"Challenges and strategies for next-generation bispecific antibody-based antitumor therapeutics","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-00896-6","article-title":"The present and future of bispecific antibodies for cancer therapy","volume":"23","author":"Klein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01084-4","article-title":"Bispecific T cell engagers: an emerging therapy for management of hematologic malignancies","volume":"14","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-2845","article-title":"AMG 757, a half-life extended, DLL3-Targeted bispecific T-Cell engager, shows high potency and sensitivity in preclinical models of small-cell lung cancer","volume":"27","author":"Giffin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res. : Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib77","first-page":"2893","volume":"41","author":"Paz-Ares","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307980","article-title":"Tarlatamab for patients with previously treated small-cell lung cancer","volume":"389","author":"Ahn","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2502099","article-title":"Tarlatamab in small-cell lung cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy","volume":"393","author":"Mountzios","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-024-02073-w","article-title":"Ivonescimab: first approval","volume":"84","author":"Dhillon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.111722","article-title":"Design of a fragment crystallizable-engineered tetravalent bispecific antibody targeting programmed cell death-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor with cooperative biological effects","volume":"28","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.10.013","article-title":"Brief report: ivonescimab combined with etoposide plus carboplatin as first-line treatment for extensive-stage SCLC: results of a phase 1b clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol. : Off. Publ. Int. Assoc. Study Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2022.100907","article-title":"Research progress of therapeutic effects and drug resistance of immunotherapy based on PD-1\/PD-L1 blockade","volume":"66","author":"Pang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updates : Rev. Comment. Antimicrobial Anticancer Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2023.2180794","article-title":"Cadonilimab, a tetravalent PD-1\/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody with trans-binding and enhanced target binding avidity","volume":"15","author":"Pang","year":"2023","journal-title":"mAbs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-023-03604-2","article-title":"CD74 is associated with inflamed tumor immune microenvironment and predicts responsiveness to PD-1\/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody in patients with solid tumors","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother. : CII"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107917","article-title":"Stepping forward in antibody-drug conjugate development","volume":"229","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-025-01704-3","article-title":"Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs): current and future biopharmaceuticals","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1093\/abt\/tbaf017","article-title":"Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment: synergistic mechanisms of antibody-drug conjugates and immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"8","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibody Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05568-y","article-title":"DB-1314, a novel DLL3-targeting ADC with DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor, exhibits promising safety profile and therapeutic efficacy in preclinical small cell lung cancer models","volume":"22","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-23-0701","article-title":"FZ-AD005, a novel DLL3-Targeted antibody-drug conjugate with topoisomerase I inhibitor, shows potent antitumor activity in preclinical models","volume":"23","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.02.009","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rovalpituzumab tesirine compared with topotecan as second-line therapy in DLL3-High SCLC: results from the phase 3 TAHOE study","volume":"16","author":"Blackhall","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol. : Off. Publ. Int. Assoc. Study Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2022.10.007","article-title":"Antibody-drug conjugates targeting TROP-2: clinical development in metastatic breast cancer","volume":"66","author":"Shastry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.12.028","article-title":"Phase 2 open-label study of Sacituzumab Govitecan as second-line therapy in patients with extensive-stage SCLC: results from TROPiCS-03","volume":"20","author":"Dowlati","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol. : Off. Publ. Int. Assoc. Study Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3476","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-3981","article-title":"Multidimensional analysis of B7 homolog 3 RNA expression in small cell lung cancer molecular subtypes","volume":"31","author":"Gay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res. : Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03600-2","article-title":"A B7H3-targeting antibody-drug conjugate in advanced solid tumors: a phase 1\/1b trial","volume":"31","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2025.2512566","article-title":"Clinical progress of B7-H3 targeted antibody drug conjugate ifinatamab deruxtecan for small-cell lung cancer","volume":"34","author":"Wespiser","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expet Opin. Invest. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-21-0851","article-title":"ABBV-011, A novel, Calicheamicin-based antibody-drug conjugate, targets SEZ6 to eradicate small cell lung cancer tumors","volume":"21","author":"Wiedemeyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02308-2","article-title":"Cancer vaccines as enablers of immunotherapy","volume":"26","author":"Khleif","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7752","DOI":"10.2174\/0109298673347323241119184648","article-title":"Novel strategies for the treatment of lung cancer: an in-depth analysis of the use of immunotherapy, precision medicine, and artificial intelligence to improve prognoses","volume":"32","author":"Kedar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib100","article-title":"Neoantigen-targeted dendritic cell vaccination in lung cancer patients induces long-lived T cells exhibiting the full differentiation spectrum, cell reports","volume":"5","author":"Ingels","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib101","article-title":"Lymph node and tumor-associated PD-L1(+) macrophages antagonize dendritic cell vaccines by suppressing CD8(+) T cells, cell reports","volume":"5","author":"Sprooten","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-018-2287-9","article-title":"Randomized-controlled phase II trial of salvage chemotherapy after immunization with a TP53-transfected dendritic cell-based vaccine (Ad.p53-DC) in patients with recurrent small cell lung cancer","volume":"68","author":"Chiappori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother. : CII"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1384","article-title":"mRNA vaccine in cancer therapy: current advance and future outlook","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1052","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad193","article-title":"Identification of immune subtypes and candidate mRNA vaccine antigens in small cell lung cancer","volume":"28","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.09.015","article-title":"Lymph node-targeting nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"351","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release : Off. J. Contr. Release Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-024-00902-1","article-title":"Cancer mRNA vaccines: clinical advances and future opportunities","volume":"21","author":"Sayour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02141-5","article-title":"Advances and applications of RNA vaccines in tumor treatment","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.010","article-title":"A primer on radiopharmaceutical therapy","volume":"115","author":"Salerno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02041-6","article-title":"Radiopharmaceuticals and their applications in medicine","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib110","article-title":"FAP-targeted radioligand therapy with (68)Ga\/(177)Lu-DOTA-2P(FAPI)(2) enhance immunogenicity and synergize with PD-L1 inhibitors for improved antitumor efficacy","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02012-z","article-title":"DLL3-guided therapies in small-cell lung cancer: from antibody-drug conjugate to precision immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy","volume":"23","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2022.03.019","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of CXCR4 signaling in cancer pathogenesis and progression","volume":"86","author":"Alsayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00652-y","article-title":"Radiotheranostics in oncology: current challenges and emerging opportunities","volume":"19","author":"Bodei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib114","first-page":"255","article-title":"Radiotheranostics in oncology: making precision medicine possible","volume":"73","author":"Aboagye","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2022.10.003","article-title":"The emerging field of oncolytic virus-based cancer immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-004167","article-title":"Remodeling the tumor microenvironment by oncolytic viruses: beyond oncolysis of tumor cells for cancer treatment","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI121323","article-title":"Oncolytic virotherapy for small-cell lung cancer induces immune infiltration and prolongs survival","volume":"129","author":"Kellish","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.09.083","volume":"15","author":"Schenk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol. : Off. Publ. Int. Assoc. Study Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-011056","article-title":"Potentiation of cancer immunogenicity by targeting PARP","volume":"13","author":"Humer","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57257-z","article-title":"PARP inhibitor radiosensitization enhances anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy through stabilizing chemokine mRNA in small cell lung cancer","volume":"16","author":"Ran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359251359057","article-title":"Advances in immuno-based and targeted therapies in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer","volume":"17","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-2350","article-title":"Phase I\/II investigator-initiated study of olaparib and temozolomide in SCLC: final analysis and CNS outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Meador","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res. : Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-16-1250","article-title":"Phase I, dose-escalation, two-part trial of the PARP inhibitor talazoparib in patients with advanced germline BRCA1\/2 mutations and selected sporadic cancers","volume":"7","author":"de Bono","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."}],"container-title":["Cancer Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030438352600145X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030438352600145X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T12:12:02Z","timestamp":1777551122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S030438352600145X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":123,"alternative-id":["S030438352600145X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-3835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-3835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Immunotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: current status, challenges and future strategies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cancer Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218382","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"218382"}}