{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:38:10Z","timestamp":1786117090626,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202240122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202240122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82403267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82403267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82472809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472809"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:00:29Z","timestamp":1783440029000},"page":"218720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Tertiary lymphoid structures and hepatocellular carcinoma: Guardian and executioner"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"657","author":[{"given":"Qianni","family":"Zong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guishuai","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1435302","article-title":"Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) agents beyond (90)Y-Microspheres","volume":"2018","author":"Bouvry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.12.011","article-title":"B cells disrupt tertiary lymphoid structure formation and suppress anti-tumor immunity","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7713","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52153-4","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptome analyses reveal tertiary lymphoid structures linked to tumour progression and immunotherapy response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib4","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures are linked to enhanced antitumor immunity and better prognosis in muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.70175","article-title":"Immune profiling of the macroenvironment in colorectal cancer unveils systemic dysfunction and plasticity of immune cells","volume":"15","author":"Ke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-024-00728-0","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures in anticancer immunity","volume":"24","author":"Teillaud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2025.217491","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures as a biomarker in immunotherapy and beyond: advancing towards clinical application","volume":"613","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.70062","article-title":"From lymphotoxin to tertiary lymphoid structures and beyond","volume":"335","author":"Ruddle","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.225615","article-title":"NIK-IKK complex interaction controls NF-\u03baB-dependent inflammatory activation of endothelium in response to LT\u03b2R ligation","volume":"132","author":"Kucharzewska","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7861","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26265-z","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells and T cells in the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in lupus nephritis","volume":"8","author":"Dorraji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13153678","article-title":"Follicular helper T cells remodel the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer via secreting CXCL13 and IL-21","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1470488","article-title":"Update on tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis: a narrative review","volume":"16","author":"Parisi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-08376-4","article-title":"Th17-like cells and immunosuppressive macrophages infiltrate tertiary lymphoid structures with distinct maturation status in soft-tissue sarcoma","volume":"16","author":"Petroni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-018-2259-0","article-title":"Association of IL-36\u03b3 with tertiary lymphoid structures and inflammatory immune infiltrates in human colorectal cancer","volume":"68","author":"Weinstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2965","article-title":"B cell homeostasis and follicle confines are governed by fibroblastic reticular cells","volume":"15","author":"Cremasco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1670682","article-title":"Human interleukin-4-dependent facilitation of human IgG production in PBL-NOG-hIL-4-Tg mice","volume":"16","author":"Kametani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.05.009","article-title":"CCL9\/CCR1 axis-driven chemotactic nanovesicles for attenuating metastasis of SMAD4-deficient colorectal cancer by trapping TGF-\u03b2","volume":"14","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.191041","article-title":"VEGFD\/VEGFR2 axis induces the dedifferentiation of high endothelial venules and impairs lymphocyte homing","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01947-5","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures in diseases: immune mechanisms and therapeutic advances","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib20","article-title":"An immune cell map of human lung adenocarcinoma development reveals an anti-tumoral role of the tfh-dependent tertiary lymphoid structure","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-02027-0","article-title":"Efficacy of CTLA-4 checkpoint therapy is dependent on IL-21 signaling to mediate cytotoxic reprogramming of PD-1(+)CD8(+) T cells","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-2867","article-title":"SPON2 promotes M1-like macrophage recruitment and inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by distinct integrin-rho GTPase-Hippo pathways","volume":"78","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.11.010","article-title":"Skin immune-mesenchymal interplay within tertiary lymphoid structures promotes autoimmune pathogenesis in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"57","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015050499","article-title":"YAP\/TAZ are mechanoregulators of TGF-\u03b2-Smad signaling and renal fibrogenesis","volume":"27","author":"Szeto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-017-0089-8","article-title":"Hypoxia induces miR-153 through the IRE1\u03b1-XBP1 pathway to fine tune the HIF1\u03b1\/VEGFA axis in breast cancer angiogenesis","volume":"37","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2976","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf181","article-title":"Intronic miR-342 is a key regulator of cellular glycolysis in Foxp3+ regulatory CD4 T cells","volume":"214","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib27","article-title":"mRNA-delivery of IDO1 suppresses T cell-mediated autoimmunity","volume":"5","author":"Kenney","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.603148","article-title":"Mucin-like domain of mucosal addressin cell adhesion Molecule-1 facilitates integrin \u03b14\u03b27-Mediated cell adhesion through electrostatic repulsion","volume":"8","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08426-5","article-title":"IL-33-activated ILC2s induce tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer","volume":"638","author":"Amisaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ado8395","article-title":"Synthetic biology-driven induction of mature TLS formation enhances antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer","volume":"17","author":"Mi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.F. Nassif, M. Chelvanambi, L. Chen, C.-C. Wu, A. Damania, E.Z.-Y. Keung, R.G. Witt, M. White, N.J. Ajami, M.C. Wong, et al. Identifying gut microbial signatures associated with B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). J. Clin. Oncol., 40 2511-2511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.2511.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.2511"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.11.003","article-title":"Microbiota-specific T follicular helper cells drive tertiary lymphoid structures and anti-tumor immunity against colorectal cancer","volume":"54","author":"Overacre-Delgoffe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.04.007","article-title":"Benefits of short-chain fatty acids and their receptors in inflammation and carcinogenesis","volume":"164","author":"Sivaprakasam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-24-3209","article-title":"Mannose enhances immunotherapy efficacy in ovarian cancer by modulating gut microbial metabolites","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.03.011","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomics reveals tryptophan metabolism restricting maturation of intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures","volume":"43","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09297-0","article-title":"ACLY inhibition promotes tumour immunity and suppresses liver cancer","author":"Gautam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adk2612","article-title":"cGAS-activated endothelial cell-T cell cross-talk initiates tertiary lymphoid structure formation","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02308-6","article-title":"Differential expression pattern of CC chemokine receptor 7 guides precision treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-07195-3","article-title":"DKK1+ tumor cells inhibited the infiltration of CCL19+ fibroblasts and plasma cells contributing to worse immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.07.006","article-title":"CCL19-producing fibroblasts promote tertiary lymphoid structure formation enhancing anti-tumor IgG response in colorectal cancer liver metastasis","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0144-6","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures in the era of cancer immunotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Saut\u00e8s-Fridman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlife.2023.10.009","article-title":"Quantitative interactomic of CD40 in primary B cells","volume":"2","author":"Argenty","year":"2024","journal-title":"hLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3940","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-506865","article-title":"IL-21 signalling via STAT3 primes human naive B cells to respond to IL-2 to enhance their differentiation into plasmablasts","volume":"122","author":"Berglund","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.03.023","article-title":"ICOS receptor instructs T follicular helper cell versus effector cell differentiation via induction of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6","volume":"34","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090410","article-title":"Dendritic cells are crucial for maintenance of tertiary lymphoid structures in the lung of influenza virus-infected mice","volume":"206","author":"GeurtsvanKessel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-1342","article-title":"Dendritic cells in tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures signal a Th1 cytotoxic immune contexture and license the positive prognostic value of infiltrating CD8+ T cells","volume":"74","author":"Goc","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02396-7","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures correlate with enhancement of antitumor immunity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"129","author":"Nakamura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4228","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59341-w","article-title":"Mature tertiary lymphoid structures evoke intra-tumoral T and B cell responses via progenitor exhausted CD4(+) T cells in head and neck cancer","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.08.006","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures suppress anti-tumor T cell responses","volume":"43","author":"Joshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib50","first-page":"118","article-title":"Treg-expressed CTLA-4 depletes CD80\/CD86 by trogocytosis, releasing free PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells","author":"Tekguc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1725349","article-title":"The interaction between dendritic cells and T follicular helper cells drives inflammatory bowel disease: a review","volume":"17","author":"Lv","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00261","article-title":"Emerging functions of RANKL in lymphoid tissues","volume":"3","author":"Mueller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.638872","article-title":"The role of CXCL13 in antibody responses to HIV-1 infection and vaccination","volume":"12","author":"Bekele Feyissa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201948368","article-title":"IL-7 derived from lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells is dispensable for naive T cell homeostasis but crucial for central memory T cell survival","volume":"50","author":"Knop","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5272.252","article-title":"Platelet-mediated lymphocyte delivery to high endothelial venules","volume":"273","author":"Diacovo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1008791","article-title":"Understanding high endothelial venules: lessons for cancer immunology","volume":"4","author":"Ager","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4381","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-2929","article-title":"Early hepatic lesions display immature tertiary lymphoid structures and show elevated expression of immune inhibitory and immunosuppressive molecules","volume":"26","author":"Meylan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00619-z","article-title":"B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures as determinants of tumour immune contexture and clinical outcome","volume":"19","author":"Fridman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3290","article-title":"Ectopic lymphoid structures function as microniches for tumor progenitor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Finkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311193","article-title":"Aligning cellular and molecular components in age-dependent tertiary lymphoid tissues of kidney and liver","volume":"20","author":"Toriu","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0413240","article-title":"The role of viruses in autoreactive B cell activation within tertiary lymphoid structures in autoimmune diseases","volume":"94","author":"Lucchesi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-111523-023520","article-title":"Roles of cellular neighborhoods in hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.10.030","article-title":"Distribution and density of tertiary lymphoid structures predict clinical outcome in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"76","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10183-w","article-title":"A new horizon in risk stratification of hepatocellular carcinoma by integrating vessels that encapsulate tumor clusters and microvascular invasion","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon2646","article-title":"A tertiary lymphoid structure-related gene signature predicts prognosis and treatment response in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Kong","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000816","article-title":"Age-associated B cells enhance tertiary lymphoid structures in the liver and promote HCC formation","volume":"9","author":"Morsing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218461","article-title":"The yin and yang of tertiary lymphoid structures in primary liver cancer","volume":"648","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1693507","article-title":"Pleiotropic and multicellular roles of lymphotoxin beta receptor in solid tumor immunity and therapeutic targeting","volume":"17","author":"Anshu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1818138","article-title":"Tumor immune microenvironment states inferred from TLS-associated immune-cell composition stratify prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3068","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5227","article-title":"Peritumor tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with infiltrating neutrophils and inferior prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.12.015","article-title":"RORc-expressing immune cells negatively regulate tertiary lymphoid structure formation and support their pro-tumorigenic functions","volume":"82","author":"Cinnamon","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib72","article-title":"Establishment of homotrimer collagen type I signature and its association with clinical manifestation and tertiary lymphoid structures formation in liver cancer","volume":"10","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5009","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60457-2","article-title":"Precision targeting of \u03b2-catenin induces tumor reprogramming and immunity in hepatocellular cancers","volume":"16","author":"Lehrich","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09297-0","article-title":"ACLY inhibition promotes tumour immunity and suppresses liver cancer","volume":"645","author":"Gautam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib75","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures in HCC: influence on immune cell profiles in tumors and on efficacy of adjuvant PD-1 inhibitor therapy after hepatectomy","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.07.002","article-title":"KRASG12D inhibition reprograms the microenvironment of early and advanced pancreatic cancer to promote FAS-mediated killing by CD8+ T\u00a0cells","volume":"41","author":"Mahadevan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.971001","article-title":"Exploring the immunomodulatory role of virtual memory CD8(+) T cells: role of IFN gamma in tumor growth control","volume":"13","author":"Savid-Frontera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.08.035","article-title":"Nivolumab plus ipilimumab for potentially resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: long-term efficacy and biomarker exploration","volume":"84","author":"Lin","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-009879","article-title":"Spatial patterns and MRI-based radiomic prediction of high peritumoral tertiary lymphoid structure density in hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter study","volume":"12","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105154","article-title":"T cell exhaustion initiates tertiary lymphoid structures and turbocharges cancer-immunity cycle","volume":"104","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010947","article-title":"Targeted delivery of CCL3 reprograms macrophage antigen presentation and enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4594","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32283-3","article-title":"A single-cell atlas of the multicellular ecosystem of primary and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00573-2","article-title":"Immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Llovet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib84","first-page":"565","article-title":"[Systemic therapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and prospects]","volume":"32","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-025-10824-4","article-title":"Sequential combination with ropeginterferon alfa-2b and anti-PD-1 treatment as adjuvant therapy in HBV-related HCC: a phase 1 dose escalation trial","volume":"19","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.06.013","article-title":"Non-terminally exhausted tumor-resident memory HBV-specific T cell responses correlate with relapse-free survival in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"54","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1225821","article-title":"The effect of liver disease on hepatic microenvironment and implications for immune therapy","volume":"14","author":"Brown","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0020-y","article-title":"Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells - gatekeepers of hepatic immunity","volume":"15","author":"Shetty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.950536","article-title":"Immunosuppressive landscape in hepatocellular carcinoma revealed by single-cell sequencing","volume":"13","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2025.152911","article-title":"A tertiary lymphoid structures-based pathological score predicts survival and recurrence in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"230","author":"Le Rochais","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.09.003","article-title":"Intra-tumoral tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with a low risk of early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"70","author":"Calderaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg3750","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of spatial architecture in primary liver cancer","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib93","article-title":"Impaired function of CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells associated with hepatocellular carcinoma progression","volume":"10","author":"Jia","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2020.101406","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures and B cells: clinical impact and therapeutic modulation in cancer","volume":"48","author":"Saut\u00e8s-Fridman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-002273","article-title":"Heterogeneity in tertiary lymphoid structure B-cells correlates with patient survival in metastatic melanoma","volume":"9","author":"Lynch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1893","article-title":"Identification and validation of a novel tertiary lymphoid structures-related prognostic gene signature in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4679","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI135048","article-title":"Myeloid signature reveals immune contexture and predicts the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"130","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14888","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures show infiltration of effective tumor-resident T cells in gastric cancer","volume":"112","author":"Mori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13740","article-title":"Oncolytic herpes simplex virus propagates tertiary lymphoid structure formation via CXCL10\/CXCR3 to boost antitumor immunity","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-23-3325","article-title":"Exploiting tertiary lymphoid structures to stimulate antitumor immunity and improve immunotherapy efficacy","volume":"84","author":"Petroni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-01980-6","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structural heterogeneity determines tumour immunity and prospects for clinical application","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1652433","article-title":"Intratumoral bacterial load and tertiary lymphoid structure density in hepatocellular carcinoma: association and prognostic significance","volume":"16","author":"Qu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.70224","article-title":"Spatial\u2012temporal heterogeneities of liver cancer and the discovery of the invasive zone","volume":"15","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.870458","article-title":"Tertiary lymphatic structures in primary hepatic carcinoma: controversy cannot overshadow hope","volume":"13","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5759","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i38.5759","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of viral hepatitis induced hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"D'Souza","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf9419","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer","volume":"375","author":"Schumacher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.674375","article-title":"Therapeutic induction of tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer through stromal remodeling","volume":"12","author":"Johansson-Percival","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14205157","article-title":"Effect of tertiary lymphoid structures on prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and preliminary exploration of its formation mechanism","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1741542","article-title":"Research progress of tertiary lymphoid structure in hepatocellular carcinoma: from prognostic biomarkers to new strategies for immunotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Yuan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labinv.2024.102144","article-title":"Lymphocyte function in tertiary lymphoid structures predicts hepatocellular carcinoma outcome","volume":"104","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-25-0758","article-title":"Intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures characterized by a B cell-related signature elicit antitumor effect through HAPLN3 in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Zeng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S508357","article-title":"Application of intravoxel incoherent motion in the prediction of intra-tumoral tertiary lymphoid structures in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hepatocell. Carcinoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000925","article-title":"Construction of TLS-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202309348","article-title":"The Absence of Intra\u2010Tumoral Tertiary Lymphoid Structures is Associated with a Worse Prognosis and mTOR Signaling Activation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Liver Transplantation: A Multicenter Retrospective Study","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advanced Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-024-10694-2","article-title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures as a potential prognostic biomarker for combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Gong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1515\/oncologie-2023-0372","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs)-related genes reveals prognostic value and immunotherapeutic potential in cancer","volume":"26","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915745","article-title":"Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"382","author":"Finn","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01992-w","article-title":"Immunotherapy response induces divergent tertiary lymphoid structure morphologies in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"25","author":"Shu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0477","article-title":"Intelligent hydrogel-assisted hepatocellular carcinoma therapy","volume":"7","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3984","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-23-2716","article-title":"LT\u03b2R agonism promotes antitumor immune responses via modulation of the tumor microenvironment","volume":"84","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.70088","article-title":"T peripheral helper cells in lymphoid aggregate and tertiary lymphoid structure formation","volume":"337","author":"Sowerby","year":"2026","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.04.010","article-title":"Tailoring vascular phenotype through AAV therapy promotes anti-tumor immunity in glioma","volume":"41","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.07.001","article-title":"Adoptively transferred Th17 cells cooperate with host B cells to achieve durable tumor immunity","author":"Cole","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib124","article-title":"Single-nucleus and spatial transcriptome profiling delineates the multicellular ecosystem in hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib125","article-title":"Inhibiting B cells enhances the efficacy of STING agonism or immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-1928","article-title":"Upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 in tumor cells and tertiary lymphoid structures is a hallmark of inflamed non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"29","author":"Bessede","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.5258","article-title":"Atezolizumab and platinum plus pemetrexed with or without bevacizumab for metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer: a phase 3 randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Shiraishi","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax0182","article-title":"Neoadjuvant checkpoint blockade for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"367","author":"Topalian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12624","article-title":"Atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab enhances antigen-specific T-cell migration in metastatic renal cell carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Wallin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-025-01018-w","article-title":"Combination of pembrolizumab and radiotherapy induces systemic antitumor immune responses in immunologically cold non-small cell lung cancer","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-002876","article-title":"Intratumoral injection of TLR9 agonist promotes an immunopermissive microenvironment transition and causes cooperative antitumor activity in combination with anti-PD1 in pancreatic cancer","volume":"9","author":"Carbone","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3206","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-11255-9","article-title":"A novel hybrid model for predicting tertiary lymphoid structures and targeted immunotherapy outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adv7129","article-title":"The origin of hepatocellular carcinoma depends on metabolic zonation","volume":"391","author":"Guo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib134","article-title":"Inhibiting B-cell-mediated immunosuppression to enhance the immunotherapy efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib135","first-page":"1164","volume":"vol. 9","author":"Zou","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.70117","article-title":"Dissecting tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structure formation and maintenance using mouse models","volume":"338","author":"Riffard","year":"2026","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.70046","article-title":"The sunrise of tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer","volume":"332","author":"Rochefort","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-026-00427-3","article-title":"Advancement of humanized mice and leading applications in immunological disease models","volume":"46","author":"Munakata","year":"2026","journal-title":"Inflamm. Regen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15020533","article-title":"Hepatitis virus and hepatocellular carcinoma: recent advances","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-023-10537-6","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor microenvironment is more suppressive than colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) tumor microenvironment","volume":"18","author":"Santagata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15865","article-title":"Characterization of lymphocyte-rich hepatocellular carcinoma and the prognostic role of tertiary lymphoid structures","volume":"44","author":"Ahn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Liver Int."}],"container-title":["Cancer Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304383526004842?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304383526004842?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T13:06:16Z","timestamp":1786021576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304383526004842"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":141,"alternative-id":["S0304383526004842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-3835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-3835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tertiary lymphoid structures and hepatocellular carcinoma: Guardian and executioner","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cancer Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218720","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"218720"}}