{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:01:06Z","timestamp":1792612866978,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer\/Radioth\u00e9rapie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T19:35:21Z","timestamp":1640201721000},"page":"168-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Biau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Huguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Racadot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Berthold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Wong-Hee-Kam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.-C.","family":"Biston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Maingon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0200","volume":"vol. 9","author":"El-Naggar","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djs320","article-title":"An epidemiological and molecular study of the relationship between smoking, risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Epstein-Barr virus activation","volume":"104","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.02.003","article-title":"Evolution of treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer--success and setback in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy era","volume":"110","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.02.006","article-title":"Etiological factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"50","author":"Tsao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30956-0","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"394","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.09.038","article-title":"Facility volume and survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"100","author":"Yoshida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.01.017","article-title":"The impact of dosimetric inadequacy on treatment outcome of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with IMRT","volume":"50","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.10398","article-title":"Adjuvant fractionated high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy after external beam radiotherapy in Tl and T2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.06.037","article-title":"Chemotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an individual patient data meta-analysis of eight randomized trials and 1753 patients","volume":"64","author":"Baujat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)70126-9","article-title":"Chemotherapy and radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an update of the MAC-NPC meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Blanchard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.4119","article-title":"What is the best treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma? An individual patient data network meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Ribassin-Majed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.4.1310","article-title":"Chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer: phase III randomized Intergroup study 0099","volume":"16","author":"Al-Sarraf","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx770","article-title":"A randomized trial of induction docetaxel-cisplatin-5FU followed by concomitant cisplatin-RT versus concomitant cisplatin-RT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (GORTEC)","volume":"29","author":"Frikha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30410-7","article-title":"Induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a phase 3, multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1905287","article-title":"Gemcitabine and cisplatin induction chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"381","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.1808","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of locoregional radiotherapy with chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone in de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multicenter phase 3 randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"You","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2013.05.003","article-title":"Surgical management of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"50","author":"Chan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.01.041","article-title":"International recommendations on reirradiation by intensity-modulated radiotherapy for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"110","author":"Ng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24993","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after reirradiation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with intensity-modulated radiotherapy: a meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Leong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-020-01647-3","article-title":"Long-term outcomes and safety after reirradiation in locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a non-endemic area","volume":"197","author":"Boustani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30673-2","article-title":"Endoscopic surgery compared with intensity-modulated radiotherapy in resectable locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.10.007","article-title":"Prognostic value of parapharyngeal extension in nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy","volume":"110","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0310","first-page":"207","article-title":"Caution on the use of altered fractionation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00786-0","article-title":"Final report of a randomized trial on altered-fractionated radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma prematurely terminated by significant increase in neurologic complications","volume":"48","author":"Teo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.12.028","article-title":"Late toxicities after conventional radiation therapy alone for nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"104","author":"Tuan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2011.04.003","article-title":"State of the art on dose prescription, reporting and recording in Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (ICRU report No. 83)","volume":"15","author":"Gr\u00e9goire","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Radiother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.10.032","article-title":"International guideline for the delineation of the clinical target volumes (CTV) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"126","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.03.067","article-title":"Patterns of retropharyngeal node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.10.010","article-title":"Delineation of the neck node levels for head and neck tumors: a 2013 update. DAHANCA, EORTC, HKNPCSG, NCIC CTG, NCRI, RTOG, TROG consensus guidelines","volume":"110","author":"Gr\u00e9goire","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.01.018","article-title":"Selection of lymph node target volumes for definitive head and neck radiation therapy: a 2019 update","volume":"134","author":"Biau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.06.062","article-title":"Is elective irradiation to the lower neck necessary for N0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma?","volume":"77","author":"Gao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semradonc.2003.10.003","article-title":"Errors and margins in radiotherapy","volume":"14","author":"van Herk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.07.041","article-title":"CT-based delineation of organs at risk in the head and neck region: DAHANCA, EORTC, GORTEC, HKNPCSG, NCIC CTG, NCRI, NRG Oncology and TROG consensus guidelines","volume":"117","author":"Brouwer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2540","article-title":"International guideline on dose prioritization and acceptance criteria in radiation therapy planning for nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"105","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.06.013","article-title":"Xerostomia and quality of life after intensity-modulated radiotherapy vs. conventional radiotherapy for early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma: initial report on a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"66","author":"Pow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4873","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.11.5501","article-title":"Prospective randomized study of intensity-modulated radiotherapy on salivary gland function in early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients","volume":"25","author":"Kam","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2012.08.013","article-title":"A prospective, randomized study comparing outcomes and toxicities of intensity-modulated radiotherapy vs. conventional two-dimensional radiotherapy for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"104","author":"Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.01.017","article-title":"The impact of dosimetric inadequacy on treatment outcome of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with IMRT","volume":"50","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2018.1505053","article-title":"Adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer","volume":"57","author":"Castelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"}],"container-title":["Cancer\/Radioth\u00e9rapie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1278321821001980?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1278321821001980?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T12:36:59Z","timestamp":1761136619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1278321821001980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1278321821001980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1278-3218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1278-3218","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cancer\/Radioth\u00e9rapie","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.08.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de radioth\u00e9rapie oncologique (SFRO). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}