{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T18:28:55Z","timestamp":1788805735976,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer\/Radioth\u00e9rapie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:15:26Z","timestamp":1757542526000},"page":"104722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rectal cancer radiotherapy: 2025 update"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Blache","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Jolnerowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9rome","family":"Durand-Labrunie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Meillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Bessi\u00e8res","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Schipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Huguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8627-4616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Vendrely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0195","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.06.019","article-title":"Total neoadjuvant therapy with mfolfirinox versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: long-term results of the Unicancer-PRODIGE 23 trial","volume":"35","author":"Conroy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00079-6","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with folfirinox and preoperative chemoradiotherapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (Unicancer-PRODIGE 23): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"22","author":"Conroy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2017.01.152","article-title":"Rectal cancer: French Intergroup clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatments and follow-up (SNFGE, FFCD, GERCOR, UNICANCER, SFCD, SFED, SFRO)","volume":"49","author":"G\u00e9rard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010580","article-title":"Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer","volume":"345","author":"Kapiteijn","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040694","article-title":"Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer","volume":"351","author":"Sauer","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.40.1836","article-title":"Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: results of the German CAO\/ARO\/AIO-94 randomized phase III trial after a median follow-up of 11 years","volume":"30","author":"Sauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3703","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25943","article-title":"Randomized phase 3 trial comparing preoperative and postoperative chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine for locally advanced rectal cancer","volume":"117","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2023.02.027","article-title":"Risk and location of distant metastases in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer after total neoadjuvant treatment or chemoradiotherapy in the RAPIDO trial","volume":"185","author":"Bahadoer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e766","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005799","article-title":"Locoregional failure during and after short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy and surgery compared with long-course chemoradiotherapy and surgery: a 5-year follow-up of the RAPIDO trial","volume":"278","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3773","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.6049","article-title":"Effect of interval (7 or 11 weeks) between neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and surgery on complete pathologic response in rectal cancer: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial (GRECCAR-6)","volume":"34","author":"Lef\u00e8vre","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30086-4","article-title":"Optimal fractionation of preoperative radiotherapy and timing to surgery for rectal cancer (Stockholm III): a multicentre, randomised, non-blinded, phase 3, non-inferiority trial","volume":"18","author":"Erlandsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"17_suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"LBA2","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.17_suppl.LBA2","volume":"41","author":"Schrag","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3724","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.00903","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes during and after treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer in the PROSPECT trial (Alliance N1048)","volume":"41","author":"Basch","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-06968-1","article-title":"NORAD01-GRECCAR16 multicenter phase III non-inferiority randomized trial comparing preoperative modified folfirinox without irradiation to radiochemotherapy for resectable locally advanced rectal cancer (intergroup FRENCH-GRECCAR- PRODIGE trial)","volume":"20","author":"Brouquet","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6470","article-title":"Non-operative management of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation","volume":"96","author":"Habr-Gama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"10139","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31078-X","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of clinical complete responders after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer in the International Watch & Wait Database (IWWD): an international multicentre registry study","volume":"391","author":"Valk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10093","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31056-5","article-title":"Organ preservation for rectal cancer (GRECCAR 2): a prospective, randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial","volume":"390","author":"Rullier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30410-8","article-title":"Organ preservation with chemoradiotherapy plus local excision for rectal cancer: 5-year results of the GRECCAR 2 randomised trial","volume":"5","author":"Rullier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00392-2","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with radiation dose escalation with contact x-ray brachytherapy boost or external beam radiotherapy boost for organ preservation in early cT2-cT3 rectal adenocarcinoma (OPERA): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"G\u00e9rard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0295","series-title":"Th\u00e9saurus national de canc\u00e9rologie digestive","article-title":"Cancer du rectum","author":"Cotte","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2023.04.007","article-title":"Radiation therapy of the primary tumour and\/or metastases of digestive metastatic cancers","volume":"28","author":"Huguet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Radiother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.07.026","article-title":"Palliative pelvic radiotherapy for symptomatic frail or metastatic patients with rectal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Bisson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2024.110144","article-title":"Short course radiotherapy versus radiochemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancers in the elderly (Unicancer PRODIGE 42\/GERICO 12 study): quality of life and comprehensive geriatric assessment","volume":"193","author":"Fran\u00e7ois","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.08.070","article-title":"Elective clinical target volumes for conformal therapy in anorectal cancer: an RTOG Consensus Panel Contouring Atlas","volume":"74","author":"Myerson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2016.07.017","article-title":"International consensus guidelines on clinical target volume delineation in rectal cancer","volume":"120","author":"Valentini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0325","series-title":"National rectal cancer intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) guidance","author":"Adams","year":"2021"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4558","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.42.8771","article-title":"Clinical outcome of the ACCORD 12\/0405 PRODIGE 2 randomized trial in rectal cancer","volume":"30","author":"G\u00e9rard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jicru_ndq002","article-title":"Report 83: prescribing, recording, and reporting photon-beam intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)","volume":"10","author":"Anon.","year":"2010","journal-title":"J ICRU"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2014.975840","article-title":"Organ preservation in rectal adenocarcinoma (T1) T2-T3 Nx M0. Historical overview of the Lyon Sud - nice experience using contact x-ray brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy for 120 patients","volume":"54","author":"G\u00e9rard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.08.042","article-title":"Image guided adaptive endorectal brachytherapy in the nonoperative management of patients with rectal cancer","volume":"105","author":"Garant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3665","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14153665","article-title":"MORPHEUS phase II\u2013III study: a pre-planned interim safety analysis and preliminary results","volume":"14","author":"Garant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2015.10.012","article-title":"Rectal radiotherapy\u00a0\u2013\u00a0intensity-modulated radiotherapy delivery, delineation and doses","volume":"28","author":"Teoh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrw098","article-title":"A retrospective comparison of outcome and toxicity of preoperative image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus conventional pelvic radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal carcinoma","volume":"58","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Radiat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2017.00225","article-title":"Comparative analysis of efficacy, toxicity, and patient-reported outcomes in rectal cancer patients undergoing preoperative 3D conformal radiotherapy or VMAT","volume":"7","author":"Regnier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyy029","article-title":"Intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation: a meta-analysis and pooled-analysis of acute toxicity","volume":"48","author":"Wee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2020.05.018","article-title":"Pelvic irradiation and hematopoietic toxicity: a review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Kuntz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Radiother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-020-01597-1","article-title":"Online adaptive radiotherapy compared to plan selection for rectal cancer: quantifying the benefit","volume":"15","author":"de Jong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"}],"container-title":["Cancer\/Radioth\u00e9rapie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1278321825001386?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1278321825001386?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T07:53:53Z","timestamp":1765526033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1278321825001386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1278321825001386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722","relation":{},"ISSN":["1278-3218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1278-3218","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rectal cancer radiotherapy: 2025 update","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cancer\/Radioth\u00e9rapie","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canrad.2025.104722","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de radioth\u00e9rapie oncologique (SFRO). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104722"}}