{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T06:02:54Z","timestamp":1771567374625,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]],"date-time":"2022-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656806400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":305,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007000","name":"Laboratory Directed Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC07-05ID14517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC07-05ID14517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006134","name":"Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006134","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Carbon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T08:33:29Z","timestamp":1624350809000},"page":"781-790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Role of surface diffusion in formation of unique reactivity for graphite oxidation: Time-resolved measurements in a pulsed diffusion reactor"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Batchu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9712-5093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongtang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Windes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Dufek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7570-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca R.","family":"Fushimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Graphite","author":"Robinson","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.2514\/1.A33380","article-title":"Hypersonic ablation of graphite thermal protection systems with surface defects","volume":"53","author":"Mullenix","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Spacecraft Rockets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catcom.2008.10.010","article-title":"Coke removal from deactivated Co\u2013Ni steam reforming catalyst using different gasifying agents: an analysis of the gas\u2013solid reaction kinetics","volume":"10","author":"Alenazey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Catal. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1021\/jp3125999","article-title":"Large scale computational chemistry modeling of the oxidation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite","volume":"117","author":"Poovathingal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13269","DOI":"10.1021\/jp207179x","article-title":"Molecular-dynamics-based study of the collisions of hyperthermal atomic oxygen with graphene using the ReaxFF reactive force field","volume":"115","author":"Goverapet Srinivasan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10799","DOI":"10.1021\/jp982025e","article-title":"Kinetics of graphite Oxidation: monolayer and multilayer etch pits in Hopg studied by STM","volume":"102","author":"Stevens","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14706","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.8b04139","article-title":"Atomically-resolved oxidative erosion and ablation of basal plane Hopg graphite using supersonic beams of O2 with scanning tunneling microscopy visualization","volume":"122","author":"Edel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17166","DOI":"10.1021\/ja904731q","article-title":"Active sites in graphene and the mechanism of CO2 formation in carbon oxidation","volume":"131","author":"Radovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4677","DOI":"10.1021\/jp9000412","article-title":"Theoretical and experimental studies of the reactions between hyperthermal O(3P) and graphite: graphene-based direct dynamics and beam-surface scattering approaches","volume":"113","author":"Paci","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnucmat.2017.06.001","article-title":"Understanding the reaction of nuclear graphite with molecular oxygen: kinetics, transport, and structural evolution","volume":"493","author":"Kane","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nucl. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CY00678K","article-title":"Forty years of temporal analysis of products","volume":"7","author":"Morgan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Catalysis Science & Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12817","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201607230","article-title":"Insights into the reaction mechanism of ethanol conversion into hydrocarbons on H-ZSM-5","volume":"55","author":"Van der Borght","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2011.04.046","article-title":"On the mechanism of nascent site deactivation in graphene","volume":"49","author":"Radovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2011.10.028","article-title":"Similarities and differences in O2 chemisorption on graphene nanoribbon vs. carbon nanotube","volume":"50","author":"Silva-Tapia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6223(67)90066-8","article-title":"Interaction of graphite fresh surface with different gases and vapours","volume":"5","author":"Zarifyanz","year":"1967","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2007.04.050","article-title":"The Y-procedure: how to extract the chemical transformation rate from reaction\u2013diffusion data with no assumption on the kinetic model","volume":"62","author":"Yablonsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2018.06.078","article-title":"Pulse response analysis using the Y-procedure: a data science approach","volume":"192","author":"Ross Kunz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.125985","article-title":"Probability theory for inverse diffusion: extracting the transport\/kinetic time-dependence from transient experiments","volume":"402","author":"Kunz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1126\/science.214.4519.437","article-title":"Mechanism of single-layer graphite oxidation: evaluation by electron microscopy","volume":"214","author":"Yang","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4471","DOI":"10.1063\/1.442614","article-title":"Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of basal plane on graphite","volume":"75","author":"Yang","year":"1981","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2011.05.059","article-title":"Oxygen migration on the graphene surface. 1. Origin of epoxide groups","volume":"49","author":"Radovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1021\/ie00023a054","article-title":"A\u00a0new surface oxygen complex on carbon: toward a unified mechanism for carbon gasification reactions","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2011.05.037","article-title":"Oxygen migration on the graphene surface. 2. Thermochemistry of basal-plane diffusion (hopping)","volume":"49","author":"Radovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6223(90)90087-F","article-title":"On the kinetics of carbon (Char) gasification: reconciling models with experiments","volume":"28","author":"Lizzio","year":"1990","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib25","first-page":"622","article-title":"Fundamental Issues in Control of Carbon Gasification Reactivity","volume":"vol. XII","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.1021\/la7034483","article-title":"Adsorption-induced desorption of benzene on Si(111)-7\u00a0\u00d7 7 by substrate-mediated electronic interactions","volume":"24","author":"Yong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1772758","article-title":"Modulated hydrogen beam study of adsorption-induced desorption of deuterium from Si(100)-3\u00d71:D surfaces","volume":"121","author":"Rahman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6602","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.7b11772","article-title":"Dynamics of graphite oxidation at high temperature","volume":"122","author":"Murray","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib29","author":"Supplies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1180\/0026461067060358","article-title":"Influence of grinding on graphite crystallinity from experimental and natural data: implications for graphite thermometry and sample preparation","volume":"70","author":"Crespo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mineral. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(97)00141-3","article-title":"Raman spectra of virgin and damaged graphite edge planes","volume":"35","author":"Compagnini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-013-0298-6","article-title":"Towards full repair of defects in reduced graphene oxide films by two-step graphitization","volume":"6","author":"Rozada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nano Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.686","article-title":"Structural evolution during the reduction of chemically derived graphene oxide","volume":"2","author":"Bagri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcata.2009.06.017","article-title":"Temporal analysis of products (TAP)\u2014recent advances in technology for kinetic analysis of multi-component catalysts","volume":"315","author":"Gleaves","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mol. Catal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2007.01.001","article-title":"Evolution, achievements, and perspectives of the TAP technique","volume":"121","author":"P\u00e9rez-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Catal. Today"}],"container-title":["Carbon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0008622321006485?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0008622321006485?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T18:02:01Z","timestamp":1762106521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0008622321006485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0008622321006485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-6223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-6223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Role of surface diffusion in formation of unique reactivity for graphite oxidation: Time-resolved measurements in a pulsed diffusion reactor","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Carbon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.06.061","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}