{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T01:07:11Z","timestamp":1789952831806,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Carbohydrate Polymers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,15]],"date-time":"2017-05-15T14:17:15Z","timestamp":1494857835000},"page":"40-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing for pain and infection control in chronic leg ulcers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Ovidio","family":"Catanzano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Docking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Schofield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Boateng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.06.004","article-title":"Novel multifunctional platforms for potential treatment of cutaneous wounds: development and in vitro characterization","volume":"440","author":"Albertini","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2012.01089.x","article-title":"Cost-of-illness of leg ulcers in the community","volume":"11","author":"Augustin","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Wound Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200110000-00008","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of ropivacaine and other local anaesthetics","volume":"18","author":"Aydin","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Anaesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24610","article-title":"Advanced therapeutic dressings for effective wound healing\u2014A review","volume":"104","author":"Boateng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21210","article-title":"Wound healing dressings and drug delivery systems: a review","volume":"97","author":"Boateng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.01.008","article-title":"Characterisation of freeze-dried wafers and solvent evaporated films as potential drug delivery systems to mucosal surfaces","volume":"389","author":"Boateng","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.11.045","article-title":"Polyox and carrageenan based composite film dressing containing anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory drugs for effective wound healing","volume":"441","author":"Boateng","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107064","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA20787H","article-title":"Evaluation of in vitro wound adhesion characteristics of composite film and wafer based dressings using texture analysis and FTIR spectroscopy: a chemometrics factor analysis approach","volume":"5","author":"Boateng","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Advances"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.05.081","article-title":"Alginate-hyaluronan composite hydrogels accelerate wound healing process","volume":"131","author":"Catanzano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2016.1252358","article-title":"Ultra-small silver nanoparticles embedded in alginate-hyaluronic acid hybrid hydrogels for treating infected wound","volume":"66","author":"Catanzano","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Polymer Materials: Polymer Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2016.11.028","article-title":"Spanish Broom (Spartium junceum L.) fibers impregnated with vancomycin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles as new antibacterial wound dressing: Preparation, characterization and antibacterial activity","volume":"99","author":"Cerchiara","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(79)90155-0","article-title":"Local anesthetics and wound healing","volume":"27","author":"Chvapil","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Surgery Researcy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/md14030042","article-title":"Sulfated seaweed polysaccharides as multifunctional materials in drug delivery applications","volume":"14","author":"Cunha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Marine Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.12.019","article-title":"Hyaluronan: a simple polysaccharide with diverse biological functions","volume":"10","author":"Dicker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.11.040","article-title":"Spongy bilayer dressing composed of chitosan\u2013Ag nanoparticles and chitosan-Bletilla striata polysaccharide for wound healing applications","volume":"157","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900403","article-title":"Experimental studies on the effect of lidocaine on wound healing","volume":"22","author":"Drucker","year":"1998","journal-title":"World Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200404000-00004","article-title":"Bacteria and wound healing","volume":"17","author":"Edwards","year":"2004","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.08.042","article-title":"Curdlan in fibers as carriers of tetracycline hydrochloride: Controlled release and antibacterial activity","volume":"154","author":"El-Naggar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0095","first-page":"333","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid prevents oxygen free-radical damage to granulation tissue: a study in rats","volume":"12","author":"Foschi","year":"1990","journal-title":"International Journal of Tissue Reactivity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2012.01057.x","article-title":"The role of hyaluronan in wound healing","volume":"11","author":"Frenkel","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Wound Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1517\/17425241003602259","article-title":"Drug release kinetics and transport mechanisms of non-degradable and degradable polymeric delivery systems","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2016.05.021","article-title":"Sulfanilamide and silver nanoparticles-loaded polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan composite electrospun nanofibers: Synthesis and evaluation on synergism in wound healing","volume":"39","author":"Ganesh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry;"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.5.450","article-title":"Stress-related changes in proinflammatory cytokine production in wounds","volume":"56","author":"Glaser","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archives of Genereal Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2014.23.12.601","article-title":"The impact of chronic venous leg ulcers: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0125","article-title":"Simplifying venous leg ulcer management: Consensus recommendations","author":"Harding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wounds International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.071","article-title":"Antimicrobial wound dressing and anti-inflammatory efficacy of silver nanoparticles","volume":"65","author":"Hebeisha","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0135","unstructured":"International Standardization Organisation ISO 10993-5. (1992). Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices, Part 5: Tests for Cytotoxicity, in Vitro Methods, Geneva."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2006.00116.x","article-title":"Pain and quality of life for patients with venous leg ulcers: Proof of concept of the efficacy of Biatain-Ibu, a new pain reducing wound dressing","volume":"14","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wound Repair and Regeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2012.10.006","article-title":"Lyophilized wafers comprising carrageenan and pluronic acid for buccal drug delivery using model soluble and insoluble drugs","volume":"103","author":"Kianfar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surfaces B: Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3109\/03639045.2012.762655","article-title":"Development and physico-mechanical characterization of carrageenan and poloxamer-based lyophilized matrix as a potential buccal drug delivery system","volume":"40","author":"Kianfar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0155","first-page":"76","article-title":"Beneficial actions of exogenous hyaluronic acid on wound healing","volume":"109","author":"King","year":"1991","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.11.063","article-title":"Review for carrageenan-based pharmaceutical biomaterials: favourable physical features versus adverse biological effects","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2004.10.022","article-title":"Lyophilised wafers as a drug delivery system for wound healing containing methylcellulose as a viscosity modifier","volume":"289","author":"Matthews","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.04.062","article-title":"Active wound dressing based on bacterial nanocellulose as drug delivery system for octenidine","volume":"471","author":"Moritz","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0175","first-page":"CD000265","article-title":"Compression for venous leg ulcers","volume":"11","author":"O\u2019Meara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.05.004","article-title":"Effect of the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and interleukin-1 beta on wound healing in patients with diabetic foot infections","volume":"54","author":"Oncul","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800269-8.00007-5","article-title":"Biological activities of carrageenan","volume":"72","author":"Pangestuti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advanced Food Nutrition Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2013.0473","article-title":"Epithelialization in wound healing: A comprehensive review","volume":"3","author":"Pastar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advanced Wound Care (New Rochelle)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2012.08.014","article-title":"Preparation: optimisation and characterisation of novel wound healing film dressings loaded with streptomycin and diclofenac","volume":"102","author":"Pawar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23968","article-title":"Multifunctional medicated lyophilised wafer dressing for effective chronic wound healing","volume":"103","author":"Pawar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58948","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058948","article-title":"Investigation of the effect of deprivation on the burden and management of venous leg ulcers: a cohort study using the THIN database","volume":"8","author":"Petherick","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70134-2","article-title":"A study of the impact of leg ulcers on quality of life: financial, social: and psychologic implications","volume":"31","author":"Phillips","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of American Academy of Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/00129334-200401000-00010","article-title":"Wound pain: a challenge for the patient and the wound care specialist","volume":"17","author":"Popescu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Advanced Skin Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0220","first-page":"44","article-title":"The burden of chronic wounds in the UK","volume":"104","author":"Posnett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nursing Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0225","first-page":"81","article-title":"Bacteriology of diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"34","author":"Ramani","year":"1991","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CS60218D","article-title":"Nanosilver-based antibacterial drugs and devices: mechanisms methodological drawbacks, and guidelines","volume":"43","author":"Rizzello","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemical Society Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2007.11.006","article-title":"Strain specificity in antimicrobial activity of silver and copper nanoparticles","volume":"4","author":"Ruparelia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7452.1358","article-title":"Management of venous leg ulcers","volume":"328","author":"Simon","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.08.065","article-title":"In situ functionalized nanobiocomposites dressings of bamboo cellulose nanocrystals and silver nanoparticles for accelerated wound healing","volume":"155","author":"Singla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.2741\/2277","article-title":"Wound re-epithelialization: modulating keratinocyte migration in wound healing","volume":"12","author":"Sivamani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Frontiers Bioscience: A Journal and Virtual Library"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.07.033","article-title":"Electrospun nanofibrous polymeric scaffold with targeted drug release profiles for potential application as wound dressing","volume":"364","author":"Thakur","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1391","article-title":"Hyaluronan: From extracellular glue to pericellular cue","volume":"4","author":"Toole","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Reviews in Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2012.00777.x","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid derivatives and their healing effect on burns, epithelial surgical wounds, and chronic wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"20","author":"Voigt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wound Repair and Regeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0270","first-page":"26","article-title":"Topical antimicrobials in the control of wound bioburden","volume":"52","author":"White","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ostomy\/Wound Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2009.18.6.42803","article-title":"Wound infection-associated pain","volume":"18","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Wound Care"}],"container-title":["Carbohydrate Polymers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014486171730557X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014486171730557X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T17:21:56Z","timestamp":1535822516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S014486171730557X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S014486171730557X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-8617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-8617","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Advanced multi-targeted composite biomaterial dressing for pain and infection control in chronic leg ulcers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Carbohydrate Polymers","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.05.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}